Northeast Asia Treaty Organization
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The Northeast Asia Treaty Organization (NEATO) was a proposed
international organization An international organization or international organisation (see spelling differences), also known as an intergovernmental organization or an international institution, is a stable set of norms and rules meant to govern the behavior of states an ...
for collective defense in
Northeast Asia Northeast Asia or Northeastern Asia is a geographical subregion of Asia; its northeastern landmass and islands are bounded by the Pacific Ocean. The term Northeast Asia was popularized during the 1930s by American historian and political scienti ...
. It would have comprised the
United States The United States of America (U.S.A. or USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It consists of 50 states, a federal district, five major unincorporated territorie ...
,
Japan Japan ( ja, 日本, or , and formally , ''Nihonkoku'') is an island country in East Asia. It is situated in the northwest Pacific Ocean, and is bordered on the west by the Sea of Japan, while extending from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north ...
,
South Korea South Korea, officially the Republic of Korea (ROK), is a country in East Asia, constituting the southern part of the Korea, Korean Peninsula and sharing a Korean Demilitarized Zone, land border with North Korea. Its western border is formed ...
, and
Taiwan Taiwan, officially the Republic of China (ROC), is a country in East Asia, at the junction of the East and South China Seas in the northwestern Pacific Ocean, with the People's Republic of China (PRC) to the northwest, Japan to the nort ...
.


Background

United States Secretary of State The United States secretary of state is a member of the executive branch of the federal government of the United States and the head of the U.S. Department of State. The office holder is one of the highest ranking members of the president's Ca ...
John Foster Dulles John Foster Dulles (, ; February 25, 1888 – May 24, 1959) was an American diplomat, lawyer, and Republican Party politician. He served as United States Secretary of State under President Dwight D. Eisenhower from 1953 to 1959 and was briefly ...
considered the possibility of forming such an alliance in the
1950s The 1950s (pronounced nineteen-fifties; commonly abbreviated as the "Fifties" or the " '50s") (among other variants) was a decade that began on January 1, 1950, and ended on December 31, 1959. Throughout the decade, the world continued its re ...
to balance against
communist Communism (from Latin la, communis, lit=common, universal, label=none) is a far-left sociopolitical, philosophical, and economic ideology and current within the socialist movement whose goal is the establishment of a communist society, a s ...
power and influence in Northeast Asia.


Controversy

Two main issues prevented the organization's creation. The first was South Korean memory of Japanese rule. In spite of outstanding questions such as Japanese property in Korea, fishing in international waters, and Koreans residing in Japan having been resolved, the psychological predisposition of Koreans against the Japanese remained. The second was the
Japanese Constitution The Constitution of Japan (Shinjitai: , Kyūjitai: , Hepburn: ) is the constitution of Japan and the supreme law in the state. Written primarily by American civilian officials working under the Allied occupation of Japan, the constitution ...
, which outlawed Japanese use of war as a means to settle international disputes. Furthermore, due to the military alliance between the United States and Japan, the United States had undertaken the role of defending Japan in case of attack by a third power in exchange for the right to station military personnel on Japanese soil and make sympathy payments to underwrite the cost of maintaining American military bases in Japan.


Aftermath

In lieu of the Northeast Asia Treaty Organization, the United States resorted to the
San Francisco System The San Francisco System (also known as the "Hub and Spokes" architecture) is a network of alliances pursued by the United States in the Asia-Pacific region, after the end of World War IIVictor Cha, "Powerplay: The Origins of the U.S Alliance Sys ...
, focusing on separate bilateral alliances with the countries of Northeast Asia.


See also

* Security Treaty between the United States and Japan *
Mutual Defense Treaty (United States–South Korea) Mutual Defense Treaty between the United States and the Republic of Korea () is a treaty between South Korea and the United States signed on 1 October 1953, two months after the signing of the Korean Armistice Agreement which brought a halt to the ...
*
Sino-American Mutual Defense Treaty The Sino-American Mutual Defense Treaty (SAMDT), formally Mutual Defense Treaty between the United States of America and the Republic of China, was a defense pact signed between the United States and the Republic of China (Taiwan) effective from ...


References

{{reflist Cold War alliances and military strategy Anti-communist organizations