North Queensland or the Northern Region is the northern part of the Australian state of
Queensland
)
, nickname = Sunshine State
, image_map = Queensland in Australia.svg
, map_caption = Location of Queensland in Australia
, subdivision_type = Country
, subdivision_name = Australia
, established_title = Before federation
, establishe ...
that lies just south of
Far North Queensland. Queensland is a massive state, larger than many countries, and its
tropical northern part has been historically remote and undeveloped, resulting in a distinctive regional character and identity.
Townsville is the largest urban centre in North Queensland, leading it to be regarded as an unofficial capital. The region has a population of 231,628 and covers .
Geography
There is no official boundary that separates North Queensland from the rest of the state. Unofficially it is usually considered to have a southern border beginning south of the
Mackay Region southern boundary, but historically it has been as far south as
Rockhampton. To the north is the
Far North Queensland region, centred on
Cairns and out west is the
Gulf Country
The Gulf Country is the region of woodland and savanna grassland surrounding the Gulf of Carpentaria in north western Queensland and eastern Northern Territory on the north coast of Australia. The region is also called the Gulf Savannah. It ...
.
A coastal region centred on its largest settlement is the city of Townsville. The city is the location of a major
seaport
A port is a maritime facility comprising one or more wharves or loading areas, where ships load and discharge cargo and passengers. Although usually situated on a sea coast or estuary, ports can also be found far inland, such as ...
handling exports from mines in
Mount Isa and cattle exports from coastal and inland areas. The region also contains a bulk sugar exporting terminal at
Lucinda in the region's north.
Mackay and
the Burdekin region are Australia's sugar capital and produces the most sugar in
Australia
Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a sovereign country comprising the mainland of the Australian continent, the island of Tasmania, and numerous smaller islands. With an area of , Australia is the largest country by ...
and is shipped at Mackay Harbour. Mackay is also one of Australia's biggest coal exporters as it is close to Queensland's major mines. Dalrymple Bay, south of Mackay is another port where coal and sugar is exported. It also contains the inland city of
Charters Towers and the coastal towns of
Ayr
Ayr (; sco, Ayr; gd, Inbhir Àir, "Mouth of the River Ayr") is a town situated on the southwest coast of Scotland. It is the administrative centre of the South Ayrshire council area and the historic county town of Ayrshire. With a population ...
and
Ingham. The
Burdekin is centred on the two towns of
Ayr
Ayr (; sco, Ayr; gd, Inbhir Àir, "Mouth of the River Ayr") is a town situated on the southwest coast of Scotland. It is the administrative centre of the South Ayrshire council area and the historic county town of Ayrshire. With a population ...
and
Home Hill
Home Hill is a rural town and locality in the Shire of Burdekin, Queensland, Australia. In the , the locality of Home Hill had a population of 2,954 people.
At the delta of the Burdekin River, it is a sugarcane growing area with underground w ...
and while producing the largest amount of sugar, also produces seasonal fruit such as
Lychee
Lychee (US: ; UK: ; ''Litchi chinensis''; ) is a Monotypic taxon, monotypic taxon and the sole member in the genus ''Litchi'' in the Sapindus, soapberry family, ''Sapindaceae''.
It is a tropical tree native to Southeast and Southwest China (t ...
s and
Mangos in Summer/wet season.
Other communities in North Queensland include
Home Hill
Home Hill is a rural town and locality in the Shire of Burdekin, Queensland, Australia. In the , the locality of Home Hill had a population of 2,954 people.
At the delta of the Burdekin River, it is a sugarcane growing area with underground w ...
,
Sarina
Sarina is a rural town and coastal locality in the Mackay Region, Queensland, Australia. In the , Sarina had a population of 5,522 people.
Geography
Sarina lies just inland of the east coast of Queensland, south of the city of Mackay, and ...
,
Bowen Bowen may refer to:
Places
Australia
* Bowen, Queensland, a town
* Bowen Hills, Queensland, a suburb
** Bowen Hills railway station, a railway station in Bowen Hills
** Bowen Park, Brisbane, a park in Bowen Hills
* Bowen Bridge, crossing the Derw ...
,
Ayr
Ayr (; sco, Ayr; gd, Inbhir Àir, "Mouth of the River Ayr") is a town situated on the southwest coast of Scotland. It is the administrative centre of the South Ayrshire council area and the historic county town of Ayrshire. With a population ...
, and
Proserpine.
Abbot Point, north of Bowen, is a large, coal exporting port undergoing significant expansion.
History
''Gugu Badhun'' (also known as ''Koko-Badun'' and ''Kokopatun'') is an
Australian Aboriginal language of North Queensland. The language region includes areas within the local government area of
Charters Towers Region, particularly the localities of
Greenvale and the
Valley of Lagoons, and in the
Upper Burdekin River area and in
Abergowrie.
''
Kuku Yalanji'' (also known as ''Gugu Yalanji'', ''Kuku Yalaja'', and ''Kuku Yelandji'') is an Australian Aboriginal language of the
Mossman and
Daintree areas of North Queensland. The language region includes areas within the local government area of
Shire of Douglas
The Shire of Douglas is a local government area in Far North Queensland. It is located on the coast north of the city of Cairns. The shire, administered from the town of Mossman, covers an area of , and existed as a local government entity f ...
and
Shire of Cook, particularly the localities of Mossman, Daintree,
Bloomfield River, China Camp,
Maytown,
Palmer,
Cape Tribulation
Cape Tribulation is a headland and coastal locality in the Shire of Douglas in northern Queensland, Australia. In the , Cape Tribulation had a population of 118 people.
Geography
The locality is north of Cairns. It is within the Daintree Na ...
and
Wujal Wujal
Wujal Wujal is a rural town and locality in the Wujal Wujal Aboriginal Shire, Queensland, Australia. In the , Wujal Wujal had a population of 282 people. It is an Aboriginal community.
The community of Wujal Wujal is located in the Cape York ...
.
''
Warrgamay'' (also known as ''Waragamai'', ''Wargamay'', ''Wargamaygan'', ''Biyay'', and ''Warakamai'') is an Australian Aboriginal language in North Queensland. The language region includes the
Herbert River area,
Ingham,
Hawkins Creek,
Long Pocket, Herbert Vale, Niagara Vale, Yamanic Creek, Herbert Gorge,
Cardwell,
Hinchinbrook Island and the adjacent mainland.
''
Warungu'' (also known as ''Warrungu'', ''Warrongo'', and ''Waroongoo''.'')'' is an Australian Aboriginal language in North Queensland. The language region includes areas from the
Upper Herbert River
The Herbert River is a river located in Far North Queensland, Australia. The southernmost of Queensland's wet tropics river systems, it was named in 1864 by George Elphinstone Dalrymple explorer, after Robert George Wyndham Herbert, the firs ...
to
Mount Garnet
Mount Garnet is a rural town and locality in the Tablelands Region, Queensland, Australia. In the , Mount Garnet had a population of 430 people.
Geography
Various small communities populate the area around Mount Garnet. These include Tablela ...
.
''
Yidinji'' (also known as ''Yidinj'', ''Yidiny'', and ''Idindji'') is an Australian Aboriginal language of North Queensland. Its traditional language region is within the local government areas of
Cairns Region and
Tablelands Region, in such localities as
Cairns,
Gordonvale
Gordonvale is a rural sugar-growing town and locality situated on the southern side of Cairns in the Cairns Region, Queensland, Australia. In the , the locality of Gordonvale had a population of 6,944 people.
Geography
Gordonvale lies approx ...
, the southern part of the
Atherton Tableland
The Atherton Tableland is a fertile plateau which is part of the Great Dividing Range in Queensland, Australia.
The principal river flowing across the plateau is the Barron River. It was dammed to form an irrigation reservoir named Lake Tina ...
including
Atherton and
Kairi.
''Yir Yiront'' (also known as ''Yiront'', ''Jirjoront'', ''Yir-yiron''t, and ''Kokomindjan'') is an Australian Aboriginal language. Its traditional language region is in Western Cape York within the local government areas of
Aboriginal Shire of Kowanyama and
Shire of Cook, in the catchments of the
Coleman River and
Mitchell River. Following the removal of Aboriginal people from their traditional lands, it is also spoken in
Pormpuraaw
Pormpuraaw (pronounced ''porm-pure-ow'') is a coastal town and a locality in the Aboriginal Shire of Pormpuraaw, Queensland, Australia. Pormpuraaw is an Aboriginal community situated on the west coast of Cape York Peninsula approximately halfwa ...
and
Kowanyama.
Yuru (also known as ''Juru, Euronbba, Juru, Mal Mal, Malmal'') is an Australian Aboriginal language spoken on Yuru country. The Yuru language region includes the landscape within the local government boundaries of the
Shire of Burdekin, including the town of
Home Hill
Home Hill is a rural town and locality in the Shire of Burdekin, Queensland, Australia. In the , the locality of Home Hill had a population of 2,954 people.
At the delta of the Burdekin River, it is a sugarcane growing area with underground w ...
.'
Captain James Cook passed by the region in 1770, naming several places including Magnetic Island and Cape Cleveland.
Alan Cunningham
General Sir Alan Gordon Cunningham, (1 May 1887 – 30 January 1983) was a senior officer of the British Army noted for his victories over Italian forces in the East African Campaign during the Second World War. Later he served as the seventh ...
was the first European to explore parts of the region.
John Mackay explored the
Pioneer Valley near Mackay in 1860.
The first settlement in the region was established at Port Denison in 1861, at what is now known as Bowen.
In 1865, the first surveys of what was to become Townsville were conducted.
In 1871, gold was discovered at Charters Towers. This led to much development for the town and for Townsville which served as a major port and service centre as both the pastoral and sugar industry spread along the coast.
Work on the
Great Northern Railway from Townsville to
Mount Isa began in 1879 with a small section opening the following year.
In July 1942, Japanese naval flying boats conducted
air raids on Townsville.
The
Perc Tucker Regional Gallery
Perc ''(pronounced purse)'' Tucker Regional Gallery is a heritage-listed public art gallery in the Townsville CBD, City of Townsville, Queensland, Australia.
Located on the corner of Flinders and Denham streets, the Gallery has a collection of ...
was established at Townsville in 1981 and the
TYTO Regional Art Gallery at Ingham opened in 2011.
Tourism
The region has a number of significant tourist attractions including the
Great Barrier Reef
The Great Barrier Reef is the world's largest coral reef system composed of over 2,900 individual reefs and 900 islands stretching for over over an area of approximately . The reef is located in the Coral Sea, off the coast of Queensland, A ...
and reef islands, rainforests in the
Wet Tropics of Queensland,
Eungella,
Magnetic Island
Magnetic Island ( Wulguru: Yunbenun) is an island offshore from the city of Townsville, Queensland, Australia. This mountainous island in Cleveland Bay has effectively become a suburb of Townsville, with 2,335 permanent residents. The islan ...
, and the
Whitsunday Islands. The region has 36 national parks.
Transport
The region is serviced by
Townsville Airport which is ranked as the 11th busiest airport in Australia. The airport was granted international status in 1980. Along the coast, the
Bruce Highway passes from the south through to the north of the region. The
Flinders Highway links Townsville with Charters Towers and the
Peak Downs Highway
The Peak Downs Highway links the towns of Mackay and Clermont in the Australian state of Queensland. It represents the main link between Queensland's Whitsunday Coast and the Central West region of the state. The highway runs for a total len ...
extends west from Mackay.
Proposed State of North Queensland
Throughout the years, there have been many calls for the formation of a new state. Many proposals have been drawn up, regarding the borders, name and the debate over which town will become the capital.
See also
*
List of schools in North Queensland
References
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