The Nikkei 225, or , more commonly called the ''Nikkei'' or the ''Nikkei index'' (), is a stock market index for the
Tokyo Stock Exchange
The , abbreviated as Tosho () or TSE/TYO, is a stock exchange located in Tokyo, Japan. It is the third largest stock exchange in the world by aggregate market capitalization of its listed companies, and the largest in Asia. It had 2,292 listed ...
(TSE). It has been calculated daily by the '' Nihon Keizai Shimbun'' (''The Nikkei'') newspaper since
1950
Events January
* January 1 – The International Police Association (IPA) – the largest police organization in the world – is formed.
* January 5 – Sverdlovsk plane crash: ''Aeroflot'' Lisunov Li-2 crashes in a snowstorm. All 19 ...
. It is a
price-weighted index
A price-weighted index is a stock market index where each constituent makes up a fraction of the index that is proportional to its component, the value would be: Price weighted adjustment factor formula via Wikinvest
: Adjustment Factor = Index s ...
, operating in the Japanese Yen (JP¥), and its components are reviewed once a year. The Nikkei measures the performance of 225 large, publicly owned companies in Japan from a wide array of industry sectors.
Another major index for the Tokyo Stock Exchange is the Tokyo Stock Price Index (TOPIX).
History
The Nikkei 225 began to be calculated on , retroactively calculated back to May 16th 1949, when the average price of its component stocks was 176.21 yen. Since January 2010, the index is updated every 15 seconds during trading sessions.
The Nikkei 225 Futures, introduced at
Singapore Exchange
The Singapore Exchange Limited (SGX) is a Singaporean investment holding company that provides different services related to securities and derivatives trading and others. SGX is also a member of the World Federation of Exchanges and the Asian ...
Osaka Securities Exchange
, renamed from , is the largest derivatives exchange in Japan, in terms of amount of business handled.
, the Osaka Securities Exchange had 477 listed companies with a combined market capitalization of $212 billion. The Nikkei 225 Futures, intr ...
(OSE) in
1988
File:1988 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: The oil platform Piper Alpha explodes and collapses in the North Sea, killing 165 workers; The USS Vincennes (CG-49) mistakenly shoots down Iran Air Flight 655; Australia celebrates its Bicenten ...
1990
File:1990 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: The 1990 FIFA World Cup is played in Italy; The Human Genome Project is launched; Voyager I takes the famous Pale Blue Dot image- speaking on the fragility of humanity on Earth, astrophysicist ...
, is now an internationally recognized futures index.
The Nikkei average has deviated sharply from the textbook model of stock averages, which grow at a steady exponential rate. The average hit its all-time high on 29 December 1989, during the peak of the Japanese asset price bubble, when it reached an intra-day high of 38,957.44, before closing at 38,915.87, having grown sixfold during the decade. Subsequently, it lost nearly all these gains, closing at 7,054.98 on March 10th, 2009 — 81.9% below its peak nearly twenty years earlier.
On March 15th 2011, the second working day after the massive earthquake in the northeast part of Japan, the index dropped over 10% to finish at 8605.15, a loss of 1,015 points. The index continued to drop throughout 2011, bottoming out at 8160.01 on November 25th, putting it at its lowest close since March 31st, 2009. The Nikkei fell over 17% in 2011, finishing the year at 8455.35, its lowest year-end closing value in nearly thirty years, when the index finished at 8016.70 in 1982.
The Nikkei started
2013
File:2013 Events Collage V2.png, From left, clockwise: Edward Snowden becomes internationally famous for leaking classified NSA wiretapping information; Typhoon Haiyan kills over 6,000 in the Philippines and Southeast Asia; The Dhaka garment fa ...
near 10,600, hitting a peak of 15,942 in May. However, shortly afterward, it plunged by almost 10% before rebounding, making it the most volatile stock market index among the
developed market
In investing, a developed market is a country that is most developed in terms of its economy and capital markets. The country must be high income, but this also includes openness to foreign ownership, ease of capital movement, and efficiency of ma ...
s. By 2015, it has reached over 20,000 mark; marking a gain of over 10,000 in two years, making it one of the fastest growing stock market indexes in the world. However, by 2018, the index growth has been more moderate at around the 22,000 mark.
There is concern that the rise since 2013 is artificial and due to purchases by the Bank of Japan ("BOJ"). From a start in 2013, by end 2017, The BOJ owned circa 75% of all Japanese Exchange Traded Funds ("ETFs"), and are a top 10 shareholder of 90% of the Nikkei 225 constituents.
On February 15, 2021, the Nikkei average breached the 30,000 benchmark, its highest level in 30 years, due to the levels of monetary stimulus and asset purchase programs executed by the Bank of Japan to mitigate the financial effects of the
COVID-19 pandemic
The COVID-19 pandemic, also known as the coronavirus pandemic, is an ongoing global pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The novel virus was first identi ...
.
Weighting
The index is a
price-weighted index
A price-weighted index is a stock market index where each constituent makes up a fraction of the index that is proportional to its component, the value would be: Price weighted adjustment factor formula via Wikinvest
: Adjustment Factor = Index s ...
. As of early
2022
File:2022 collage V1.png, Clockwise, from top left: Road junction at Yamato-Saidaiji Station several hours after the assassination of Shinzo Abe; Anti-government protest in Sri Lanka in front of the Presidential Secretariat; The global monkeypo ...
, the company with the largest influence on the index is Fast Retailing ().
Contract Specifications
The Nikkei 225 is traded as a future on the Osaka exchange. The contract specifications for the Nikkei 225 (ticker symbol JNK) are listed below:
Annual returns
The following table shows the annual development of the Nikkei 225, which was calculated back to 1914.
Components
As of October
2021
File:2021 collage V2.png, From top left, clockwise: the James Webb Space Telescope was launched in 2021; Protesters in Yangon, Myanmar following the coup d'état; A civil demonstration against the October 2021 coup in Sudan; Crowd shortly after t ...
, the Nikkei 225 consists of the following companies: (Japanese securities identification code in parentheses)
Inpex
INPEX (Invention and New Product Exposition) is America's largest invention trade show, held since 1985 and organized by the invention promotion firm InventHelp. The annual show is held each June in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
INPEX provides a fo ...
Kajima
is one of the oldest and largest construction companies in Japan. Founded in 1840, the company has its headquarters in Motoakasaka, Minato, Tokyo. The company is known for its DIB-200 proposal. The company stock is traded on four leading Ja ...
Sekisui House
is one of Japan's largest homebuilders. It was founded on August 1, 1960 and is headquartered in Osaka. In 2009, Sekisui House expanded into Australia and Russia before expanding into China and the United States the following year.
The company ...
Asahi Group Holdings
is a Japanese global beer, spirits, soft drinks and food business group headquartered in Sumida, Tokyo.
In 2019, the group had revenue of JPY 2.1 trillion. Asahi's business portfolio can be segmented as follows: alcoholic beverage business (4 ...
, Ltd. ()
*
Japan Tobacco
Hepburn: ''Nippon Senbai Kōsha''
, type = 1985-: Public (''kabushiki gaisha'') 1949-1985: Statutory corporation
, traded_as =
, industry = FoodTobacco
, foundation = 1898 (as Imperial Japanese Tobacco Company)1 June 1949 (as Japan Tobacco ...
Takara Holdings
is a Japanese company based in Kyoto. The company is mainly involved in the production of beverages, food, printing and medical supplies.
Divisions Takara Bio
Clontech Laboratories was acquired from BD Biosciences in 2005. In 2007, Clontech wa ...
Inc. ()
Textiles & apparel
*
Teijin
is a Japanese chemical, pharmaceutical and information technology company. Its main fields of operation are high-performance fibers such as aramid, carbon fibers & composites, healthcare, films, resin & plastic processing, polyester fibers, produc ...
Toyobo
is one of Japan's top makers of fibers and textiles, including synthetic fibers (polyester, nylon and acrylics) and natural fibers, such as cotton and wool.
History
Toyobo was established in 1882 by Eiichi Shibusawa as a cotton-spinning com ...
Asahi Kasei
is a multinational Japanese chemical company. Its main products are chemicals and materials science.
It was founded in May 1931, using the paid in capital of Nobeoka Ammonia Fiber Co., Ltd, a Nobeoka, Miyazaki based producer of ammonia, nit ...
DIC Corporation
is Japanese chemical company, specializing in the development, manufacture and sale of inks, pigments, polymers, specialty plastics and compounds and biochemicals.
It was founded in 1908 as Kawamura Ink Manufactory, renamed to Kawamura Kijuro ...
Kuraray
is a Japanese manufacturer of chemicals, fibers and other materials. Their main manufacturing facilities are located in Kurashiki, Okayama. The company's Tokyo administrative offices are located in Otemachi, Chiyoda in the Ote Center Building ...
Co., Ltd. ()
*
Mitsubishi Chemical Holdings
is a Japanese company formed in October 2005 from the merger of Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation and Mitsubishi Pharma Corporation. The company is based in Tokyo and is one of the core Mitsubishi companies.
History
On December 4, 2021, the compa ...
Corp. ()
*
Mitsui Chemicals
is a Japanese chemicals company listed on the Nikkei with business interests in Japan, Europe, China, Southeast Asia and the USA. It is one of the leading chemical companies in Japan and is part of the Mitsui conglomerate. The company mainly ...
Shin-Etsu Chemical
is the largest chemical company in Japan, ranked No. 9 in Forbes Global 2000 for chemical sector. Shin-Etsu has the largest global market share for polyvinyl chloride, semiconductor silicon, and photomask substrates.
The company was named one ...
Ube Industries
is a Japanese chemical company manufacturing chemicals, plastics, battery materials, pharmaceuticals, cement, construction materials, and machinery.
The former company name is
The company was founded in 1897 when Sukesaku Watanabe —an indus ...
, Ltd. ()
Pharmaceuticals
*
Astellas Pharma
is a Japanese multinational pharmaceutical company, formed on 1 April 2005 from the merger of and . On February 5, 2020, the company announced management changes effective from April 1, 2020.
Astellas is a member of the Mitsubishi UFJ Fina ...
Daiichi Sankyo
is a global pharmaceutical company and the second-largest pharmaceutical company in Japan. It achieved JPY 981.8 billion in revenue in 2019. The company owns the American biotechnology company Plexxikon, American pharmaceutical company American R ...
Kyowa Hakko Kirin
is a Japanese pharmaceutical and biotechnology company under the Kirin Holdings, and is among the 40 largest in the world by revenue. The company is headquartered in Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo and is a member of the Nikkei 225 stock index.
History
On ...
Shionogi
is a Japanese pharmaceutical company best known for developing Crestor. Medical supply and brand name also uses katakana (シオノギ).
Shionogi has business roots that date back to 1878, and was incorporated in 1919. Among the medicines prod ...
& Co., Ltd. ()
*
Takeda Pharmaceutical Company
The is a Japanese multinational pharmaceutical company, with partial American and British roots. It is the largest pharmaceutical company in Asia and one of the top 20 largest pharmaceutical companies in the world by revenue (top 10 followin ...
Limited ()
Petroleum
*
Eneos Holdings
is a Japanese petroleum and metals conglomerate headquartered in Tokyo, Japan. In 2012 the multinational corporation consisted of 24,691 employees worldwide and, as of March 2013, JX Holdings was the forty-third largest company in the world ...
Yokohama Rubber
is a tire company based in Tokyo, Japan. The company was founded and began on October 13, 1917, in a joint venture between Yokohama Cable Manufacturing and B.F. Goodrich. In 1969, the company expanded to the United States as Yokohama Tire C ...
Nippon Sheet Glass
is a Japanese glass manufacturing company. In 2006 it acquired Pilkington of the United Kingdom. This makes NSG/Pilkington one of the four largest glass companies in the world alongside another Japanese company Asahi Glass, Saint-Gobain, and ...
Co., Ltd. ()
*
Sumitomo Osaka Cement
The is one of the largest Japanese ''keiretsu'', or business groups, founded by Masatomo Sumitomo (1585-1652) around 1615 during the early Edo period.
History
The Sumitomo Group traces its roots to a bookshop in Kyoto founded circa 1615 by Ma ...
Co., Ltd. ()
*
Taiheiyo Cement
is a Japanese cement
A cement is a binder, a chemical substance used for construction that sets, hardens, and adheres to other materials to bind them together. Cement is seldom used on its own, but rather to bind sand and gravel (aggrega ...
JFE Holdings
is a corporation headquartered in Tokyo, Japan. It was formed in 2002 by the merger of and and owns JFE Steel, JFE Engineering and Japan Marine United. JFE is from Japan, Fe (the chemical element symbol of iron) and Engineering. In 2020, it ...
, Inc. ()
*
Kobe Steel
Kobe Steel, Ltd. (株式会社神戸製鋼所, ''Kabushiki gaisha Kōbe Seikō-sho''), is a major Japanese steel manufacturer headquartered in Chūō-ku, Kobe. KOBELCO is the unified brand name of the Kobe Steel Group.
Kobe Steel has the low ...
, Ltd. ()
*
Nippon Steel
was formed in 2012 by the merger of the old Nippon Steel and Sumitomo Metal. was established in 1970 by the merger of Fuji Iron & Steel and Yawata Iron & Steel. Nippon Steel is the world's third largest steel producer by volume as of 2019.
...
Dowa Holdings
is a Japanese nonferrous metals manufacturer. The company is a component of the Nikkei 225 stock index.
History
Fujita-gumi, the forerunner of DOWA, was established by three brothers from Yamaguchi prefecture in 1881. The brothers had personal ...
Co., Ltd. ()
*
Fujikura
is a global, Tokyo-based electrical equipment manufacturing company, developing and manufacturing power and telecommunication systems products, including devices for optical fibers, such as cutters and splicers.
Fujikura was founded by Zenpach ...
Ltd. ()
*The
Furukawa Electric
is a Japanese electric and electronics equipment company.
The company was founded by Furukawa Ichibei in 1884 in Yokohama when a copper-smelting facility
and a wire manufacturing factory were established. Furukawa was a Japanese businessman w ...
Co., Ltd. ()
*
Mitsubishi Materials
, or MMC, is a Japanese company. It is a manufacturer of cement products, copper and aluminum products, cemented carbide tools, and electronic materials. It is one of the core companies of Mitsubishi Group.
The company is listed on the Tokyo St ...
Japan Steel Works
is a steel manufacturer founded in Muroran, Hokkaidō, Japan in 1907.
History
Japan Steel Works was set up with investment from British firms Vickers, Armstrong Whitworth and Mitsui. During World War II, they manufactured what was then the wo ...
, Ltd. ()
*
JTEKT
JTEKT Corporation is a Japanese corporation created in January 2006 upon the merger of two companies: Koyo Seiko Co. and ''Toyoda Machine Works''.
Toyoda Machine Works, Machine tool sales for North, Central and South America, aftermarket suppor ...
Mitsubishi Heavy Industries
is a Japanese multinational engineering, electrical equipment and electronics corporation headquartered in Tokyo, Japan. MHI is one of the core companies of the Mitsubishi Group and its automobile division is the predecessor of Mitsubishi Mo ...
Canon Inc.
is a Japanese multinational corporation headquartered in Ōta, Tokyo, Japan, specializing in optical, imaging, and industrial products, such as lenses, cameras, medical equipment, scanners, printers, and semiconductor manufacturing equipment.< ...
FANUC
FANUC ( or ; often styled Fanuc) is a Japanese group of companies that provide automation products and services such as robotics and computer numerical control wireless systems. These companies are principally of Japan, Fanuc America Corpor ...
Corp. ()
*
Fuji Electric
, operating under the brand name FE, is a Japanese electrical equipment company, manufacturing pressure transmitters, flowmeters, gas analyzers, controllers, inverters, pumps, generators, ICs, motors, and power equipment.
History
Fuji Electric ...
Kyocera
is a Japanese multinational ceramics and electronics manufacturer headquartered in Kyoto, Japan. It was founded as in 1959 by Kazuo Inamori and renamed in 1982. It manufactures industrial ceramics, solar power generating systems, telecommunic ...
Murata Manufacturing
is a Japanese manufacturer of electronic components, based in Nagaokakyo, Kyoto.
Honorary Chairman Akira Murata started Murata Manufacturing as a personal venture in October, 1944. In December 1950 reorganized the company into Murata Manufac ...
Oki Electric Industry
, commonly referred to as OKI, OKI Electric or the OKI Group, is a Japanese information and communications technology company, headquartered in Toranomon, Minato-ku, Tokyo and operating in over 120 countries around the world.
OKI produced the fi ...
Co., Ltd. ()
*
Omron
, styled as OMRON, is a Japanese electronics company based in Kyoto, Japan. Omron was established by in 1933 (as the ''Tateishi Electric Manufacturing Company'') and incorporated in 1948.
The company originated in an area of Kyoto called ""( ja ...
Corp. ()
*
Panasonic
formerly between 1935 and 2008 and the first incarnation of between 2008 and 2022, is a major Japanese multinational conglomerate corporation, headquartered in Kadoma, Osaka. It was founded by Kōnosuke Matsushita in 1918 as a lightbulb ...
Corp. ()
*
Ricoh
is a Japanese Multinational corporation, multinational imaging and electronics company (law), company. It was founded by the now-defunct commercial division of the Riken, Institute of Physical and Chemical Research (Riken) known as the ''Riken ...
Co., Ltd. ()
*
Seiko Epson
Seiko Epson Corporation, or simply known as Epson, is a Japanese multinational electronics company and one of the world's largest manufacturers of computer printers and information- and imaging-related equipment. Headquartered in Suwa, Nagano ...
Sony
, commonly stylized as SONY, is a Japanese multinational conglomerate corporation headquartered in Minato, Tokyo, Japan. As a major technology company, it operates as one of the world's largest manufacturers of consumer and professiona ...
Corp. ()
*
Taiyo Yuden
is a Japanese materials and electronics company, situated in Kyobashi, Chuo, Tokyo, that helped pioneer recordable CD technology (CD-R) along with Sony and Philips in 1988. Founded 70 years ago, Taiyo Yuden currently operates factories in Japa ...
Yaskawa Electric Corporation
The is a Japanese manufacturer of servos, motion controllers, AC motor drives, switches and industrial robots. Their Motoman robots are heavy duty industrial robots used in welding, packaging, assembly, coating, cutting, material handling and ...
, Limited ()
*
Yokogawa Electric
is a Japanese multinational electrical engineering and software company, with businesses based on its measurement, control, and information technologies.
It has a global workforce of over 19,000 employees, 84 subsidiary and 3 affiliated compa ...
Corp. ()
Shipbuilding
*
Kawasaki Heavy Industries
(or simply Kawasaki) is a Japanese public multinational corporation manufacturer of motorcycles, engines, heavy equipment, aerospace and defense equipment, rolling stock and ships, headquartered in Chūō, Kobe and Minato, Tokyo, Japan. It is ...
, Ltd. ()
*
Mitsui Engineering & Shipbuilding
() is a Japanese company. It is listed on the Nikkei 225. Mitsui E&S is one of the companies of the Mitsui Group.
Established in 1917 as the Shipbuilding Division of Mitsui & Co. with the first shipyard at Tamano. In 1937 the shipyards beca ...
Mazda Motor
, commonly referred to as simply Mazda, is a Japanese Multinational corporation, multinational Automotive industry, automotive manufacturer headquartered in Fuchū, Hiroshima (town), Fuchū, Hiroshima Prefecture, Hiroshima, Japan.
In 2015, M ...
Corp. ()
*
Mitsubishi Motors
is a Japanese multinational automobile manufacturer headquartered in Minato, Tokyo, Japan.Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. ()
* Subaru Corp. ()
*
Suzuki Motor
is a Japanese multinational corporation headquartered in Minami-ku, Hamamatsu, Japan. Suzuki manufactures automobiles, motorcycles, all-terrain vehicles (ATVs), outboard marine engines, wheelchairs and a variety of other small internal co ...
Corp. ()
*
Toyota Motor
is a Japanese Multinational corporation, multinational Automotive industry, automotive manufacturer headquartered in Toyota City, Aichi, Japan. It was founded by Kiichiro Toyoda and incorporated on . Toyota is one of the Automotive industry#By ...
Corp. ()
*
Yamaha Motor Company
is a Japanese multinational manufacturer of motorcycles, marine products such as boats and outboard motors, and other motorized products. The company was established in 1955 upon separation from Yamaha Corporation (however, Yamaha Corporatio ...
Nikon
(, ; ), also known just as Nikon, is a Japanese multinational corporation headquartered in Tokyo, Japan, specializing in optics and imaging products. The companies held by Nikon form the Nikon Group.
Nikon's products include cameras, camera ...
Terumo
was founded in 1921 as Red Line Thermometer Corporation by a group of medical scientists led by Dr. Kitasato Shibasaburō to produce medical thermometers in Japan.
The company's first product was "Jintan Taionkei", the first Japanese-made ther ...
Sojitz
is a ''sogo shosha'' (general trading company) based in Tokyo, Japan. It is engaged in a wide range of businesses globally, including buying, selling, importing, and exporting goods, manufacturing and selling products, providing services, and pl ...
*AEON (company), Aeon Co., Ltd. ()
* Fast Retailing Co., Ltd. ()
*Isetan Mitsukoshi Holdings Ltd. ()
*J. Front Retailing Co., Ltd. ()
*Marui, Marui Group Co., Ltd. ()
*Seven & I Holdings Co., Ltd. ()
*Takashimaya Co., Ltd. ()
Banking
*Aozora Bank, Ltd. ()
*The Chiba Bank, Ltd. ()
*Bank of Yokohama, Concordia Financial Group, Inc. ()
*Sumitomo Mitsui Trust Holdings, Inc. ()
*Fukuoka Financial Group, Inc. ()
*Mitsubishi UFJ Financial Group, Inc. ()
*Mizuho Financial Group, Inc. ()
*Resona Holdings, Inc. ()
*Shinsei Bank, Ltd. ()
*The Shizuoka Bank, Ltd. ()
*Sumitomo Mitsui Financial Group, Inc. ()
Securities
*Daiwa Securities Group Inc. ()
*Matsui Securities Co., Ltd. ()
*Nomura Holdings, Inc. ()
Insurance
*Dai-ichi Life Insurance Company, Limited ()
*MS&AD Insurance Group, Inc. ()
*Sompo Japan Nipponkoa Holdings, Sompo Holdings, Inc. ()
*T&D Holdings, Inc. ()
*Tokio Marine Holdings, Inc. ()
Other financial services
*Credit Saison Co., Ltd. ()
*Japan Exchange Group Inc. ()
*KDDI Corp. ()
*Nippon Telegraph & Telephone Corp. ()
*NTT Data Corp. ()
*SoftBank Corp. ()
*SoftBank Group Corp. ()
Electric power
*Chubu Electric Power Co., Inc. ()
*The Kansai Electric Power Company, Kansai Electric Power Co., Inc. ()
*Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings, Incorporated ()
Gas
*Osaka Gas Co., Ltd. ()
*Tokyo Gas Co., Ltd. ()
Services
*Cyberagent Inc. ()
*DeNA, Dena Co., Ltd. ()
*Dentsu Inc. ()
*Japan Post Holdings Co., Ltd. ()
*Konami Corp. ()
*MDLinx, M3 Inc. ()
*Nexon Co., Ltd. ()
*Nintendo Co., Ltd. ()
*Rakuten Inc. ()
*Recruit (company), Recruit Holdings Co., Ltd. ()
*Secom Co., Ltd. ()
*Toho Co., Ltd. ()
*Trend Micro Inc. ()
*Z Holdings Corp. ()