Nicole El Karoui
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Nicole El Karoui (''
née The birth name is the name of the person given upon their birth. The term may be applied to the surname, the given name or to the entire name. Where births are required to be officially registered, the entire name entered onto a births registe ...
'' Schvartz) is a French mathematician and pioneer in the development of
mathematical finance Mathematical finance, also known as quantitative finance and financial mathematics, is a field of applied mathematics, concerned with mathematical modeling in the financial field. In general, there exist two separate branches of finance that req ...
, born 29 May 1944 in
Paris Paris () is the Capital city, capital and List of communes in France with over 20,000 inhabitants, largest city of France. With an estimated population of 2,048,472 residents in January 2025 in an area of more than , Paris is the List of ci ...
. She is considered one of the pioneers on the French school of
mathematical finance Mathematical finance, also known as quantitative finance and financial mathematics, is a field of applied mathematics, concerned with mathematical modeling in the financial field. In general, there exist two separate branches of finance that req ...
and trained many engineers and scientists in this field. She is Professor Emeritus of
Applied Mathematics Applied mathematics is the application of mathematics, mathematical methods by different fields such as physics, engineering, medicine, biology, finance, business, computer science, and Industrial sector, industry. Thus, applied mathematics is a ...
at
Sorbonne University Sorbonne University () is a public research university located in Paris, France. The institution's legacy reaches back to the Middle Ages in 1257 when Sorbonne College was established by Robert de Sorbon as a constituent college of the Unive ...
, and held professorship positions at the
École Polytechnique (, ; also known as Polytechnique or l'X ) is a ''grande école'' located in Palaiseau, France. It specializes in science and engineering and is a founding member of the Polytechnic Institute of Paris. The school was founded in 1794 by mat ...
and Université du Maine. Her research has contributed to the application of probability and
stochastic differential equation A stochastic differential equation (SDE) is a differential equation in which one or more of the terms is a stochastic process, resulting in a solution which is also a stochastic process. SDEs have many applications throughout pure mathematics an ...
s to modeling and
risk management Risk management is the identification, evaluation, and prioritization of risks, followed by the minimization, monitoring, and control of the impact or probability of those risks occurring. Risks can come from various sources (i.e, Threat (sec ...
in
financial markets A financial market is a market in which people trade financial securities and derivatives at low transaction costs. Some of the securities include stocks and bonds, raw materials and precious metals, which are known in the financial marke ...
.


Teaching

The reputation of Professor El Karoui's classes is such that
Wall Street Journal ''The Wall Street Journal'' (''WSJ''), also referred to simply as the ''Journal,'' is an American newspaper based in New York City. The newspaper provides extensive coverage of news, especially business and finance. It operates on a subscriptio ...
opines that there may be ''too many'' of her students in important positions handling
financial derivatives In finance, a derivative is a contract between a buyer and a seller. The derivative can take various forms, depending on the transaction, but every derivative has the following four elements: # an item (the "underlier") that can or must be bou ...
. In an interview with the Wall Street Journal, Rama Cont, Professor of Mathematical Finance at the
University of Oxford The University of Oxford is a collegiate university, collegiate research university in Oxford, England. There is evidence of teaching as early as 1096, making it the oldest university in the English-speaking world and the List of oldest un ...
, described a degree with Ms. El Karoui's name on it as "the magic word that opened doors for young people." El Karoui was the co-director, with
Marc Yor Marc Yor (24 July 1949 – 9 January 2014) was a French mathematician well known for his work on stochastic processes, especially properties of semimartingales, Brownian motion and other Lévy processes, the Bessel processes, and their applicat ...
and Gilles Pagès, of the Masters program in Probability & Finance, jointly operated by
École Polytechnique (, ; also known as Polytechnique or l'X ) is a ''grande école'' located in Palaiseau, France. It specializes in science and engineering and is a founding member of the Polytechnic Institute of Paris. The school was founded in 1794 by mat ...
and the
Pierre and Marie Curie University Pierre and Marie Curie University ( , UPMC), also known as Paris VI, was a public research university in Paris, France, from 1971 to 2017. The university was located on the Jussieu Campus in the Latin Quarter of the 5th arrondissement of Paris, ...
(Paris VI), which she co-founded with Hélyette Geman. This program, usually called "DEA El Karoui", is one of the most prestigious programs in quantitative finance in the world and No 1 in France.


Scientific contributions

Nicole El Karoui's research is focused on probability theory, stochastic control theory and mathematical finance. Her contributions focused on the mathematical theory of
stochastic control Stochastic control or stochastic optimal control is a sub field of control theory that deals with the existence of uncertainty either in observations or in the noise that drives the evolution of the system. The system designer assumes, in a Bayesi ...
, backward stochastic differential equations and their application in
mathematical finance Mathematical finance, also known as quantitative finance and financial mathematics, is a field of applied mathematics, concerned with mathematical modeling in the financial field. In general, there exist two separate branches of finance that req ...
. She is particularly known for her work on the robustness of the Black-Scholes hedging strategy, superhedging of contingent claims and the change of numéraire method for option pricing. Among El Karoui's contributions to mathematical finance is her elegant formula for expressing the covariance relationship between the futures price and the forward price of an asset.  The El Karoui futures-forward covariance formula states H(t) - G(t) = \int_^ \mathrm^ \mathcal_t\ ds, where H is the price of a futures contract, G is the price of a forward contract, r is the spot interest rate process and Q(s) is the probability measure under which asset prices are martingales with the discount bond of maturity s selected as numeraire.


Selected publications

* * * * *


Awards

Professor El Karoui is a Chevalier de l'ordre de la légion d'honneur.


References


External links

* The mathematics genealogy project http://genealogy.math.ndsu.nodak.edu/id.php?id=57381 * The City Genius Of France http://www.lexpress.fr/emploi-carriere/les-g-eacute-nies-fran-ccedil-ais-de-la-city_479283.html {{DEFAULTSORT:Karoui, Nicole Living people École Normale Supérieure alumni French women mathematicians Financial economists 1944 births Academic staff of École Polytechnique