General Nicholas Nikolaievich Annenkov (Николай Николаевич Анненков) (December 1799 in
Sergachsky Uyezd,
Nizhny Novgorod Governorate
The Nizhny Novgorod Governorate (Pre-reformed rus, Нижегородская губернія, r=Nizhegorodskaya guberniya, p=nʲɪʐɨɡɐˈrotskəjə ɡʊˈbʲernʲɪjə), was an administrative division (a '' guberniya'') of the Russian Empi ...
– 25 November 1865 in
St. Petersburg, Russia
Saint Petersburg ( rus, links=no, Санкт-Петербург, a=Ru-Sankt Peterburg Leningrad Petrograd Piter.ogg, r=Sankt-Peterburg, p=ˈsankt pʲɪtʲɪrˈburk), formerly known as Petrograd (1914–1924) and later Leningrad (1924–1991), i ...
) was an influential Russian General of the Infantry, Governor-General of
Kiev
Kyiv, also spelled Kiev, is the capital and most populous city of Ukraine. It is in north-central Ukraine along the Dnieper River. As of 1 January 2021, its population was 2,962,180, making Kyiv the seventh-most populous city in Europe.
Ky ...
and
Bessarabia
Bessarabia (; Gagauz: ''Besarabiya''; Romanian: ''Basarabia''; Ukrainian: ''Бессара́бія'') is a historical region in Eastern Europe, bounded by the Dniester river on the east and the Prut river on the west. About two thirds o ...
, and member of the State Privy Council. He was the brother of prominent Russian poet,
Varvara Annenkova.
1799–1830
Born into great wealth as a member of the nobility of
Nizhny Novgorod Governorate
The Nizhny Novgorod Governorate (Pre-reformed rus, Нижегородская губернія, r=Nizhegorodskaya guberniya, p=nʲɪʐɨɡɐˈrotskəjə ɡʊˈbʲernʲɪjə), was an administrative division (a '' guberniya'') of the Russian Empi ...
, Nicholas Annenkov was the son of Colonel
Nicholas Nikanorovich Annenkov (1764–1839). After briefly attending
Moscow University
M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University (MSU; russian: Московский государственный университет имени М. В. Ломоносова) is a public research university in Moscow, Russia and the most prestigious ...
, he joined the Army to fight against
Napoleon
Napoleon Bonaparte ; it, Napoleone Bonaparte, ; co, Napulione Buonaparte. (born Napoleone Buonaparte; 15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821), later known by his regnal name Napoleon I, was a French military commander and political leader wh ...
, thereby beginning a military career that would last the rest of his life. By his mid-20s he was appointed Aide-de-Camp to
Grand Duke Mikhail Pavlovich of Russia and promoted to Colonel of the Infantry. During the Turkish Campaign of 1828, Annenkov distinguished himself and was awarded the
Order of St. Anna.
1831–1850
During the 1831
November Uprising
The November Uprising (1830–31), also known as the Polish–Russian War 1830–31 or the Cadet Revolution,
was an armed rebellion in the heartland of partitioned Poland against the Russian Empire. The uprising began on 29 November 1830 in W ...
in Poland, Annenkov served as Chief of Staff to General Baron
Fabian Gottlieb von Osten-Sacken. During one attack, Annenkov routed an entire enemy division and captured 1,200 combatants. He was awarded the
Order of St. George (4th Class) and appointed to
Tsar Nicholas I
, house = Romanov-Holstein-Gottorp
, father = Paul I of Russia
, mother = Maria Feodorovna (Sophie Dorothea of Württemberg)
, birth_date =
, birth_place = Gatchina Palace, Gatchina, Russian Empire
, death_date =
...
’s personal suite.
Owing to his military successes, in 1844 Nicholas Annenkov was promoted to Adjutant General of the Infantry. On November 3, 1848, he was made a member of the
State Council.
1851–1865
In 1854 General Annenkov was appointed Interim Governor-General of New Russia and Bessarabia, a posting that coincided with the
Crimean War
The Crimean War, , was fought from October 1853 to February 1856 between Russia and an ultimately victorious alliance of the Ottoman Empire, France, the United Kingdom and Piedmont-Sardinia.
Geopolitical causes of the war included the ...
. His actions during the
Siege of Sevastopol (1854–1855)
The siege of Sevastopol (at the time called in English the siege of Sebastopol) lasted from October 1854 until September 1855, during the Crimean War. The allies (French, Sardinian, Ottoman, and British) landed at Eupatoria on 14 September ...
and the
bombardment of Odessa
The Bombardment of Odessa was an action during the Crimean War in which a joint Anglo-French squadron of warships attacked the Russian port of Odessa.
Background and formation
On 6 April 1854, soon after the declaration of war by Britain and Fr ...
resulted in further decorations: the silver medal and the light-bronze medal.
Annenkov was a co-founder, in 1856, of the
Moscow
Moscow ( , US chiefly ; rus, links=no, Москва, r=Moskva, p=mɐskˈva, a=Москва.ogg) is the capital and largest city of Russia. The city stands on the Moskva River in Central Russia, with a population estimated at 13.0 million ...
-
Saratov
Saratov (, ; rus, Сара́тов, a=Ru-Saratov.ogg, p=sɐˈratəf) is the largest city and administrative center of Saratov Oblast, Russia, and a major port on the Volga River upstream (north) of Volgograd. Saratov had a population of 901, ...
Railway with General Semyon Alexeievich Yurievich, Paul von Derwies, and the
Privy Councilors M.N. Zhemchuzhnikov and Konstantin I. Arsenyev. The initial line of this railway was opened from Moscow to
Kolomna on 20 July (1 August) 1862. It was reorganized as the Moscow-
Ryazan
Ryazan ( rus, Рязань, p=rʲɪˈzanʲ, a=ru-Ryazan.ogg) is the largest city and administrative center of Ryazan Oblast, Russia. The city is located on the banks of the Oka River in Central Russia, southeast of Moscow. As of the 2010 Cens ...
Railway in 1863, and an extension to Ryazan was opened on 27 August (8 September) 1864.
From 1856 to 1862 Annenkov served as State Comptroller of the Imperial Court. In 1861
Tsar Alexander II of Russia
Alexander II ( rus, Алекса́ндр II Никола́евич, Aleksándr II Nikoláyevich, p=ɐlʲɪˈksandr ftɐˈroj nʲɪkɐˈlajɪvʲɪtɕ; 29 April 181813 March 1881) was Emperor of Russia, King of Poland and Grand Duke of Finlan ...
promoted him to Full General,
Order of St. Vladimir. His final posting, from 1862 to 1865, was as Governor-General of Kiev and the western provinces; however, illness cut short his service, and he retired to
Nice, France
Nice ( , ; Niçard: , classical norm, or , nonstandard, ; it, Nizza ; lij, Nissa; grc, Νίκαια; la, Nicaea) is the prefecture of the Alpes-Maritimes department in France. The Nice agglomeration extends far beyond the administrative c ...
, for recuperation. As a final duty to the state, General Annenkov accompanied the body of
Nicholas Alexandrovich, Tsarevich of Russia, back to Russia. Even though Annenkov rejoined the State Council upon returning, he died shortly thereafter.
Family
General Nicholas Annenkov was married to Vera Ivanova Bukharina (1813–1902), daughter of
Ivan Bukharin (1772–1858), Governor-General of Kiev (1820–22). They had five children:
* 1) General
Mikhail Annenkov (1835–1899)
* 2) Elena (1837–1904), married to Ambassador
Aleksandr Nelidov
Aleksandr Nelidov (1838–1910) was a Russian diplomat.
Early life
He was born in St. Petersburg. He studied law and Oriental languages in St. Petersburg University.
Career
He entered diplomatic service in 1855. He was Secretary to the Russ ...
and mistress to Russian Minister of Finance
Alexander Abaza;
[See Famine in Russia, 1891-1892: The Imperial Government Responds to a Crisis (page 113)]
* 3) Elizabeth (1840–1886), married to
Viktor, prince Golytsin, Master of the Horses for the Imperial Household
** 3a) Viktor, prince
Golytsin (1860–77)
** 3b) Sophie, princess Golytsin
** 3c) Vera, princess Golytsyn
* 4) Maria (1844–1889), married to
Karl de Struve
Karl von Struve (26 November 1835 – 26 June 1907) (russian: Кирилл Васильевич Струве) (Alternate spelling in U.S.: de Struve) was a Russian nobleman and politician. He served, in turn, as Russian Envoy Extraordinary and Min ...
, diplomat and Imperial Privy Councilor
** 4a) Boris de Struve
** 4b) Olga de Struve
** 4c) Vera de Struve
** 4d) Elena de Struve
** 4e) Maria de Struve
* 5) Alexandra (1849–1914), married Vicomte
Eugène-Melchior de Vogüé
Marie-Eugène-Melchior, vicomte de Vogüé (25 February 1848 – 29 March 1910) was a French diplomat, Orientalist, travel writer, archaeologist, philanthropist and literary critic.
Biography
Born in Nice, France, he served in the Franco-Pruss ...
** 5a) Comte Henry de Vogüé
** 5b) Comte Raymond de Vogüé
** 5c) Comte Felix de Vogüé
Until their marriages, General Annenkov's daughters served as ladies-in-waiting to Empress
Maria Alexandrovna.
Index
{{DEFAULTSORT:Annenkov, Nicholas
1799 births
1865 deaths
People from Sergachsky Uyezd
Russian nobility
Nicholas
Nicholas is a male given name and a surname.
The Eastern Orthodox Church, the Roman Catholic Church, and the Anglican Churches celebrate Saint Nicholas every year on December 6, which is the name day for "Nicholas". In Greece, the name and its ...
Governors-General of Novorossiya
Governors-General of Kiev
Imperial Russian Army generals
Russian people of the November Uprising