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Nguyễn Phú Trọng (born 14 April 1944) is a Vietnamese politician who has served as the
General Secretary Secretary is a title often used in organizations to indicate a person having a certain amount of authority, power, or importance in the organization. Secretaries announce important events and communicate to the organization. The term is derived ...
of the
Communist Party of Vietnam The Communist Party of Vietnam (CPV), also known as the Vietnamese Communist Party (VCP), is the founding and sole legal party of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam. Founded in 1930 by Hồ Chí Minh, the CPV became the ruling party of No ...
— the highest political position in Vietnam — since 2011. In addition, Nguyễn Phú Trọng served as
president of Vietnam The president of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam ( vi, Chủ tịch nước Cộng hòa xã hội chủ nghĩa Việt Nam, lit=Chairman of the nation of Socialist Republic of Vietnam) is the head of state of Vietnam, elected by the Vietnam Nat ...
from 2018 to 2021. As general secretary, Nguyễn Phú Trọng heads the party's
secretariat Secretariat may refer to: * Secretariat (administrative office) * Secretariat (horse) Secretariat (March 30, 1970 – October 4, 1989), also known as Big Red, was a champion American thoroughbred racehorse who is the ninth winner of the Ame ...
Party leader Trong announces Central Committee Secretariat
, ''Viet Nam News'', February 10, 2011.
and is the Secretary of the Central Military Commission
Tổ chức trọng thể lễ tang Thượng tướng Nguyễn Trọng Xuyên
", ''VOV Online'', 27 June 2012.
in addition to being the ''de facto'' head of the
politburo A politburo () or political bureau is the executive committee for communist parties. It is present in most former and existing communist states. Names The term "politburo" in English comes from the Russian ''Politbyuro'' (), itself a contracti ...
, the highest decision-making body in
Vietnam Vietnam or Viet Nam ( vi, Việt Nam, ), officially the Socialist Republic of Vietnam,., group="n" is a country in Southeast Asia, at the eastern edge of mainland Southeast Asia, with an area of and population of 96 million, making ...
, which currently makes him the most powerful person in Vietnam. He was
Chairman The chairperson, also chairman, chairwoman or chair, is the presiding officer of an organized group such as a board, committee, or deliberative assembly. The person holding the office, who is typically elected or appointed by members of the group ...
of the National Assembly from 2006 to 2011, representing Hanoi, was elected General Secretary of the Communist Party of Vietnam at the party's 11th National Congress in 2011Nguyen Phu Trong elected Party Chief
, Vietnam News Agency, January 19, 2011.
and re-elected twice at the 12th National Congress in 2016 and the 13th National Congress in 2021. On 3 October 2018, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Vietnam formally nominated Nguyễn Phú Trọng for
President of Vietnam The president of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam ( vi, Chủ tịch nước Cộng hòa xã hội chủ nghĩa Việt Nam, lit=Chairman of the nation of Socialist Republic of Vietnam) is the head of state of Vietnam, elected by the Vietnam Nat ...
, which was voted on at a subsequent session of the
National Assembly In politics, a national assembly is either a unicameral legislature, the lower house of a bicameral legislature, or both houses of a bicameral legislature together. In the English language it generally means "an assembly composed of the r ...
, where the party holds an overwhelming majority. This made him the third person to simultaneously head the party and state after
Ho Chi Minh (: ; born ; 19 May 1890 – 2 September 1969), commonly known as (' Uncle Hồ'), also known as ('President Hồ'), (' Old father of the people') and by other aliases, was a Vietnamese revolutionary and statesman. He served as P ...
(in
North Vietnam North Vietnam, officially the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (DRV; vi, Việt Nam Dân chủ Cộng hòa), was a socialist state supported by the Soviet Union (USSR) and the People's Republic of China (PRC) in Southeast Asia that existed f ...
only) and Trường Chinh. On 23 October 2018, he was elected as the ninth President of Vietnam in a meeting of the sixth session of the National Assembly. Nguyễn Phú Trọng stepped down as President in 2021 but remained as General Secretary of the Communist Party.


Early life and career

Nguyễn Phú Trọng was born in Đông Hội Commune, Đông Anh District. His official biography gives his family background only as "average peasant". He studied
philology Philology () is the study of language in oral and written historical sources; it is the intersection of textual criticism, literary criticism, history, and linguistics (with especially strong ties to etymology). Philology is also defined as ...
and earned his Bachelor degree in
philology Philology () is the study of language in oral and written historical sources; it is the intersection of textual criticism, literary criticism, history, and linguistics (with especially strong ties to etymology). Philology is also defined as ...
at
Vietnam National University, Hanoi Vietnam National University, Hanoi (VNU; vi, Đại học Quốc gia Hà Nội, ĐHQGHN) is a public research university in Vietnam. The university has 10 member colleges (called "universities") and faculties. VNU is one of two Vietnam's natio ...
from 1963 to 1967. Nguyễn Phú Trọng officially became a member of the
Communist Party of Vietnam The Communist Party of Vietnam (CPV), also known as the Vietnamese Communist Party (VCP), is the founding and sole legal party of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam. Founded in 1930 by Hồ Chí Minh, the CPV became the ruling party of No ...
in December 1968. He worked for the ''Tạp chí Cộng Sản'' (Communist Review), the theoretical and political agency of the Communist Party of Vietnam (formerly the Labor Party) in the periods of 1968–1973, 1976–1981 and 1983–1996. From 1973 to 1976, he underwent a political-economic post-graduate course at the High-level Nguyễn Ái Quốc Party School (now the Hồ Chí Minh National Academy of Politics and Public Administration). From 1991 to 1996, he served as the editor-in-chief of the ''Tạp chí Cộng Sản''. Nguyễn Phú Trọng went to the
Soviet Union The Soviet Union,. officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR),. was a transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, it was nominally a federal union of fifteen nationa ...
in 1981 to study at the Academy of Sciences and received a
Candidate of Sciences Candidate of Sciences (russian: кандидат наук, translit=kandidat nauk) is the first of two doctoral level scientific degrees in Russia and the Commonwealth of Independent States. It is formally classified as UNESCO's ISCED level 8, "d ...
degree in history in 1983. In 1998, Nguyễn Phú Trọng entered the party section devoted to political work, making him one of the most prominent Vietnamese political theoreticians, heading the party
Central Committee Central committee is the common designation of a standing administrative body of communist parties, analogous to a board of directors, of both ruling and nonruling parties of former and existing socialist states. In such party organizations, the ...
's Theoretical Council in charge of the party's theoretical work from 2001 to 2006. Nguyễn Phú Trọng is a
Marxist Marxism is a left-wing to far-left method of socioeconomic analysis that uses a materialist interpretation of historical development, better known as historical materialism, to understand class relations and social conflict and a dialecti ...
theoretician, and has long railed against some party members' loss of " Marxist-Leninist virtue". Nguyễn Phú Trọng has been member of the party's Central Committee since January 1994, member of the party's Political Bureau since December 1997 and deputy to the
National Assembly In politics, a national assembly is either a unicameral legislature, the lower house of a bicameral legislature, or both houses of a bicameral legislature together. In the English language it generally means "an assembly composed of the r ...
since May 2002. From January 2000 to June 2006, Nguyễn Phú Trọng was secretary of the party's Executive Committee of Hanoi, the ''de facto'' head of the city authority. On June 26, 2006, Nguyễn Phú Trọng was elected as the Chairman of the National Assembly."Vietnam confirms new leadership"
''BBC'', June 27, 2006.
During this period, he was elected secretary of the party organization in the National Assembly and member of the Council for Defence and Security. On October 23, 2018, Nguyễn Phú Trọng was elected as the 9th President of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam in a seasonal meeting of National Assembly. On 14 April 2019, it was reported that Nguyễn Phú Trọng had been rushed to the Chợ Rẫy Hospital in
Ho Chi Minh City , population_density_km2 = 4,292 , population_density_metro_km2 = 697.2 , population_demonym = Saigonese , blank_name = GRP (Nominal) , blank_info = 2019 , blank1_name = – Total , blank1_ ...
after visiting Kiên Giang, according to overseas news sources. He was rumoured to have suffered a stroke. The Vietnamese government initially had no comment on the subject matter, but later confirmed from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Vietnam that he was "unwell, but will soon return to work". He reappeared on May 14, 2019 to discuss about the upcoming Party Congress.


Leader of Vietnam


First term as General Secretary

Nguyễn Phú Trọng was elected
General Secretary of the Communist Party of Vietnam The General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Vietnam ( vi, Tổng Bí thư Ban Chấp hành Trung ương Đảng Cộng sản Việt Nam), known as First Secretary ( vi, Bí thư Thứ nhất) from 1960 to 1976, is t ...
in 2011. The 5th plenum of the 11th Central Committee decided to take the Central Steering Committee for Anti-Corruption away from the Prime Minister's control and Nguyễn Phú Trọng was elected its head. On 6 July 2015, General Secretary Nguyễn Phú Trọng arrived in the United States to begin his United States visit to July 10, 2015. This visit coincided with the milestone of twenty years since the
United States The United States of America (U.S.A. or USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country Continental United States, primarily located in North America. It consists of 50 U.S. state, states, a Washington, D.C., ...
and
Vietnam Vietnam or Viet Nam ( vi, Việt Nam, ), officially the Socialist Republic of Vietnam,., group="n" is a country in Southeast Asia, at the eastern edge of mainland Southeast Asia, with an area of and population of 96 million, making ...
normalized diplomatic relations. The talks with President
Barack Obama Barack Hussein Obama II ( ; born August 4, 1961) is an American politician who served as the 44th president of the United States from 2009 to 2017. A member of the Democratic Party (United States), Democratic Party, Obama was the first Af ...
were about human rights, security and defense and the
Trans-Pacific Partnership The Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP), or Trans-Pacific Partnership Agreement, was a highly contested proposed trade agreement between 12 Pacific Rim economies, Australia, Brunei, Canada, Chile, Japan, Malaysia, Mexico, New Zealand, Pe ...
.


Reelection as General Secretary

On 27 January 2016, Nguyễn Phú Trọng was re-elected as General Secretary of the 12th Central Committee of the Communist Party of Vietnam at the first conference of the committee. At 72 years old, he was the 12th Committee's oldest member. For this term, Nguyễn Phú Trọng is ranked number one in the
Politburo A politburo () or political bureau is the executive committee for communist parties. It is present in most former and existing communist states. Names The term "politburo" in English comes from the Russian ''Politbyuro'' (), itself a contracti ...
, marking a return to normality. Nguyễn Phú Trọng hopes, under a one-party rule, to strengthen Vietnam's position in the world, turning it into an industrial country rather than a country that produces on primary products. "A country without discipline would be chaotic and unstable .. need to balance democracy and law and order", he said at the close of a meeting to choose the country's leadership for the next five years. "I very much hope the new faces in the politburo will push with reforms and bring the country forward, but I don't know whether they can do that", said Tran Thi Tram. "They will also have to really tackle the corruption problem, otherwise the people would be the ones to suffer most". On 31 January 2021, Nguyễn Phú Trọng was re-elected as General Secretary for a third five-year term at the 13th National Congress. On 1 February 2021, Nguyễn Phú Trọng attended a press conference. Nguyễn Phú Trọng said ''I am not in great health ..I am old and I want to rest, but the Congress has elected me so I will comply with my duty to serve as a party member.''.


Presidency

On 3 October 2018, Nguyễn Phú Trọng was chosen by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Vietnam with 100% support to become the party nominee for the position of the
President of Vietnam The president of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam ( vi, Chủ tịch nước Cộng hòa xã hội chủ nghĩa Việt Nam, lit=Chairman of the nation of Socialist Republic of Vietnam) is the head of state of Vietnam, elected by the Vietnam Nat ...
, becoming the official successor of
Trần Đại Quang Trần Đại Quang (12 October 1956 – 21 September 2018) was a Vietnamese politician and former police general who served as the eighth President of Vietnam from 2 April 2016 until his death in 2018. Trần Đại Quang was elected to the post ...
. File:Vice President Biden Shakes Hands With General Secretary Nguyen Phu Trong at a Luncheon at the State Department (18883780193).jpg, Then-U.S. Vice President Joe Biden shakes hands with Nguyễn at a luncheon at the U.S. Department of State in Washington, D.C. on 5 July 2015 File:President Putin and General Secretary Nguyễn Phú Trọng.jpg, Russian president Putin and Trong in Sochi, 6 September 2018 The National Assembly elected Nguyễn Phú Trọng as state president on October 23, 2018 with 99.79% percent of the vote. His swearing-in ceremony took place at the Grand Hall and was broadcast live on the afternoon on state radio and television systems. The National Assembly on 2 April 2021 voted to relieve Nguyễn Phú Trọng's presidency with 91.25% of the vote. Nguyễn Phú Trọng remains de facto top leader in the country, serving as the General Secretary of the Communist Party.


Personal life

Nguyễn Phú Trọng is married to Ngô Thị Mân. He has one daughter and one son, both of whom work as Government employees.


Awards

: * Friendship Medal (31 October 2022) : *
Order of José Martí The Order José Martí (Orden José Martí) is a state honor in Cuba. The Order was named so after José Martí, the national hero of Cuba. The design was realized by the Cuban sculptor José Delarra. Notable recipients * Alexander Lukashenko ...
(9 April 2012) 25px Russian Communist Party: * Lenin Prize (15 December 2021)


Published works


Books

* Nguyen Phu Trong (2004). ''Viet Nam on The Path of Renewal''. Hanoi: Thế giới Publishers. 351 p. * Nguyen Phu Trong (2015). ''Renewal in Việt Nam: Theory and Reality.'' Hanoi: Thế giới Publishers. 397 p. * Nguyen Phu Trong; Tran Dinh Nghiem; Vu Hien (1995). ''Vietnam from 1986''. Hanoi: Thế giới Publishers. 116 p.


References


External links


Biography of Party General Secretary Nguyen Phu Trong
, - , - {{DEFAULTSORT:Nguyen, Phu Trong 1944 births Chairmen of the Standing Committee of the National Assembly (Vietnam) General Secretaries of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Vietnam Living people Members of the Politburo of the Communist Party of Vietnam People from Hanoi Presidents of Vietnam Lenin Prize winners