In
social choice theory
Social choice theory or social choice is a theoretical framework for analysis of combining individual opinions, preferences, interests, or welfares to reach a ''collective decision'' or ''social welfare'' in some sense.Amartya Sen (2008). "Soc ...
, Neutrality is a basic requirement of a social choice rule. It says that the rule does not discriminate apriori between different candidates. In other words, if the vector of candidates is permuted arbitrarily, then the returned result is permuted in the same way.
[{{Cite book, last=Felix Brandt, chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0qY8DwAAQBAJ&q=multiwinner++voting+a+new+challenge&pg=PA27, title=Trends in Computational Social Choice, date=2017-10-26, publisher=Lulu.com, isbn=978-1-326-91209-3, editor-last=Endriss, editor-first=Ulle, language=en, chapter=Roling the Dice: Recent Results in Probabilistic Social Choice]
Neutral rules
Most voting rules are neutral. For example,
plurality voting is neutral, since only counts the number of votes received by each candidate, without giving an a-priori preference to any candidate. Similarly, the
utilitarian rule and
egalitarian rule are both neutral, since the only consider the utility given to each candidate, regardless of the candidate's name or index.
Non-neutral rules
An example of a ''non''-neutral rule is a rule which says that, in case of a tie, the alternative ''X'' is selected. This is particularly prominent in cases in which ''X'' is the
status quo option; it is often preferred to keep the status quo unless there is a strict majority against it.
See also
*
Anonymity (social choice) - a related requirement, saying that the rule does not discriminate apriori between different ''voters''.
References
Social choice theory