Neomphaloidea is a

superfamily SUPERFAMILY is a database and search platform of structural and functional annotation for all proteins and genomes. It classifies amino acid sequences into known structural domains, especially into SCOP superfamilies. Domains are functional, str ...

of deep-

sea snail Sea snail is a common name for slow-moving marine gastropod molluscs, usually with visible external shells, such as whelk or abalone. They share the taxonomic class Gastropoda with slugs, which are distinguished from snails primarily by the a ...

s or

limpet Limpets are a group of aquatic snails that exhibit a conical gastropod shell, shell shape (patelliform) and a strong, muscular foot. Limpets are members of the class Gastropoda, but are polyphyletic, meaning the various groups called "limpets" ...

marine Marine is an adjective meaning of or pertaining to the sea or ocean. Marine or marines may refer to: Ocean * Maritime (disambiguation) * Marine art * Marine biology * Marine debris * Marine habitats * Marine life * Marine pollution Military ...

gastropod The gastropods (), commonly known as snails and slugs, belong to a large taxonomic class of invertebrates within the phylum Mollusca called Gastropoda (). This class comprises snails and slugs from saltwater, from freshwater, and from land. T ...

mollusk Mollusca is the second-largest phylum of invertebrate animals after the Arthropoda, the members of which are known as molluscs or mollusks (). Around 85,000 extant species of molluscs are recognized. The number of fossil species is e ...

s. Neomphaloidea is the only superfamily in the order Neomphalida. The order Neomphalida has the largest ''

in situ ''In situ'' (; often not italicized in English) is a Latin phrase that translates literally to "on site" or "in position." It can mean "locally", "on site", "on the premises", or "in place" to describe where an event takes place and is used in ...

'' radiation in

hydrothermal vent A hydrothermal vent is a fissure on the seabed from which geothermally heated water discharges. They are commonly found near volcanically active places, areas where tectonic plates are moving apart at mid-ocean ridges, ocean basins, and hotspo ...

habitats. Neomphalida is a major taxonomic grouping of

sea snails Sea snail is a common name for slow-moving marine gastropod molluscs, usually with visible external shells, such as whelk or abalone. They share the taxonomic class Gastropoda with slugs, which are distinguished from snails primarily by the ab ...

, vent-endemic

s that form a very ancient lineage, going back to the

Palaeozoic The Paleozoic (or Palaeozoic) Era is the earliest of three geologic eras of the Phanerozoic Eon. The name ''Paleozoic'' ( ;) was coined by the British geologist Adam Sedgwick in 1838 by combining the Greek words ''palaiós'' (, "old") and '' ...

era.

2005 taxonomy

The superfamily Neomphaloidea was regarded for a long time as belonging within the clade Vetigastropoda. Superfamily Neomphaloidea was also classified in the clade Vetigastropoda according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005.

2010 taxonomy

Molecular phylogeny showed however that it belongs in its own order , the Neomphalida, and that this clade is basal to the Vetigastropoda. The Neomphalina is, based on optimal phylogenetic analysis, a monophyletic clade, with uncertain relations among the gastropods.

Description

The anatomical characters of the Neomphaloidea largely follow the patterns as in the Vetigastropoda. However, unusual morphological and phylogentic characters suggest a different systematic position and place it in its own order, the Neomphalida. The formal placement of Neomphalida within the Gastropoda however remains ambiguous.Stephanie W. Aktipis & Gonzalo Giribet (2010). "A phylogeny of Vetigastropoda and other “archaeogastropods”: re-organizing old gastropod clades". ''Invertebrate Biology'' 129(3): 220-240
.

Families

Families within the Neomphaloidea include: * Melanodrymiidae Salvini-Plawen & Steiner, 1995 * Neomphalidae McLean, 1981 * Peltospiridae McLean, 1989 A few genera within Neomphaloidea have been unassigned to a family: * '' Helicrenion'' Warén & Bouchet, 1993 * '' Retiskenea'' Warén & Bouchet, 2001Bouchet, P. (2010). ''Retiskenea'' Warén & Bouchet, 2001. In: MolluscaBase (2017). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=449910 on 2017-05-26

Overview of species

Species within the Neomphaloidea include: # '' Leptogyra alaskana'' Bartsch, 1910 # '' Leptogyra constricta'' B. A. Marshall, 1988 # '' Leptogyra costellata'' Warén & Bouchet, 2009 # '' Leptogyra eritmeta'' Bush, 1897 # '' Leptogyra inconspicua'' Bush, 1897 # '' Leptogyra inflata'' Warén & Bouchet, 1993 # '' Leptogyra patula'' B. A. Marshall, 1988 # '' Leptogyra verrilli'' Bush, 1897 # '' Leptogyropsis inflata'' Hasegawa, 1997 # '' Leptogyropsis kalinovoae'' B. A. Marshall, 1988 # '' Leptogyropsis kaltanae'' B. A. Marshall, 1988 # '' Melanodrymia aurantiaca'' Hickman, 1984 # '' Melanodrymia brightae'' Warén & Bouchet, 1993 # '' Melanodrymia galeronae'' Warén & Bouchet, 2001 # '' Xyleptogyra kapalae'' B. A. Marshall, 1988 # '' Cyathermia naticoides'' Warén & Bouchet, 1989 # '' Lacunoides exquisitus'' Warén & Bouchet, 1989 # '' Lacunoides vitreus'' Warén & Bouchet, 2001 # '' Lamellomphalus manusensis'' S.-Q. Zhang & S.-P. Zhang, 2017 # '' Neomphalus fretterae'' McLean, 1981 # '' Planorbidella depressa'' Warén & Bouchet, 1993 # '' Planorbidella planispira'' (Warén & Bouchet, 1989) # '' Solutigyra reticulata'' Warén & Bouchet, 1989 # '' Symmetromphalus hageni'' L. Beck, 1992 # '' Symmetromphalus regularis'' McLean, 1990 # '' Chrysomallon squamiferum'' Chen, Linse, Copley & Rogers, 2015 # '' Ctenopelta porifera'' Warén & Bouchet, 1993 # '' Depressigyra globulus'' Warén & Bouchet, 1989 # '' Echinopelta fistulosa'' McLean, 1989 # '' Gigantopelta aegis'' Chen, Linse, Roterman, Copley & Rogers, 2015 # '' Gigantopelta chessoia'' Chen, Linse, Roterman, Copley & Rogers, 2015 # '' Hirtopelta hirta'' McLean, 1989 # '' Hirtopelta tufari'' L. Beck, 2002 # '' Lirapex costellatus'' Warén & Bouchet, 2001 # '' Lirapex granularis'' Warén & Bouchet, 1989 # '' Lirapex humatus'' Warén & Bouchet, 1989 # '' Nodopelta heminoda'' McLean, 1989 # '' Nodopelta rigneae'' Warén & Bouchet, 2001 # '' Nodopelta subnoda'' McLean, 1989 # '' Pachydermia laevis'' Warén & Bouchet, 1989 # '' Pachydermia sculpta'' Warén & Bouchet, 1993 # '' Peltospira delicata'' McLean, 1989 # '' Peltospira lamellifera'' Warén & Bouchet, 1989 # '' Peltospira operculata'' McLean, 1989 # '' Peltospira smaragdina'' Warén & Bouchet, 2001 # '' Rhynchopelta concentrica'' McLean, 1989 # '' Helicrenion reticulatum'' Warén & Bouchet, 1993 # ''

Retiskenea diploura ''Retiskenea diploura'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the superfamily SUPERFAMILY is a database and search platform of structural and functional annotation for all proteins and genomes. It classifies amino acid s ...

'' Warén & Bouchet, 2001

References

External links

Steffen Kiel (2010), ''The Vent and Seep Biota: Aspects from Microbes to Ecosystems'', Nature

Thomas Kunze, Martin Hess, Martin Brückner, Friederike Beck & Gerhard Haszprunar, ''Skeneimorph gastropods in Neomphalina and Vetigastropoda — A preliminary report'', Zoosymposia 1: 119–131 (2008); ISSN 1178-9913
{{Taxonbar, from=Q874910 Gastropod superfamilies Neomphalina Marine gastropods