The Nemeth Braille Code for Mathematics is a Braille code for encoding mathematical and scientific notation linearly using standard six-dot

Braille cell Braille (Pronounced: ) is a tactile writing system used by people who are visually impaired, including people who are blind, deafblind or who have low vision. It can be read either on embossed paper or by using refreshable braille displ ...

s for tactile reading by the visually impaired. The code was developed by Abraham Nemeth. The Nemeth Code was first written up in 1952. It was revised in 1956, 1965, and 1972, and beginning in 1992 was integrated into

Unified English Braille Unified English Braille Code (UEBC, formerly UBC, now usually simply UEB) is an English language Braille code standard, developed to permit representing the wide variety of literary and technical material in use in the English-speaking world today ...

. It is an example of a compact human-readable

markup language Markup language refers to a text-encoding system consisting of a set of symbols inserted in a text document to control its structure, formatting, or the relationship between its parts. Markup is often used to control the display of the document ...

. Nemeth Braille is just one code used to write mathematics in braille. There are many systems in use around the world.

Principles of the Nemeth Code

The Nemeth Code Book (1972) opens with the following words: One consequence is that the braille transcriber does not need to know the underlying mathematics. The braille transcriber needs to identify the inkprint symbols and know how to render them in Nemeth Code braille. For example, if the same math symbol might have two different meanings, this would not matter; both instances would be brailled the same. This is in contrast to the International Braille Music Code, where the braille depends on the meaning of the inkprint music. Thus a knowledge of music is required to produce braille music.

Table of Nemeth braille codes

General signs

Number signs

Operators

Parentheses and brackets

Fractions

Other modifiers

Braille indicators

Comparison signs

Geometry

Arrows

Trig functions

Set theory

Misc. signs

Polygons

Triangles

Other signs

Greek letters The Greek alphabet has been used to write the Greek language since the late 9th or early 8th century BCE. It is derived from the earlier Phoenician alphabet, and was the earliest known alphabetic script to have distinct letters for vowels as we ...
and
Latin letters The Latin script, also known as Roman script, is an alphabetic writing system based on the letters of the classical Latin alphabet, derived from a form of the Greek alphabet which was in use in the ancient Greek city of Cumae, in southern ...

Greek and Latin letters are based on the assignments of

International Greek Braille Greek Braille is the braille alphabet of the Greek language. It is based on international braille conventions, generally corresponding to Latin transliteration. In Greek, it is known as Κώδικας Μπράιγ ''Kôdikas Brég'' "Braille Code" ...

References

External links

An Introduction to the Nemeth Braille Code for Mathematics

PDF of the 1972 Nemeth Braille Code for Mathematics

application software that transcribes LaTeX to Nemeth Braille.

* ttps://nfb.org//images/nfb/publications/fr/fr28/fr280110.htm The History of Nemeth Code
Braille Mathematical Notations: Different Braille Mathematical Codes from Around the World
{{Braille Braille symbols Mathematical notation Mathematical markup languages