Natural magic in the context of
Renaissance magic
Renaissance magic was a resurgence in Hermeticism and Neo-Platonic varieties of the magical arts which arose along with Renaissance humanism in the 15th and 16th centuries CE. These magical arts (called '' artes magicae'') were divided into sev ...
is that part of the
occult
The occult, in the broadest sense, is a category of esoteric supernatural beliefs and practices which generally fall outside the scope of religion and science, encompassing phenomena involving otherworldly agency, such as magic and mysticism a ...
which deals with
natural forces directly, as opposed to
ceremonial magic which deals with the summoning of spirits.
Natural magic sometimes makes use of physical substances from the natural world such as stones or herbs.
Natural magic so defined includes
astrology
Astrology is a range of divinatory practices, recognized as pseudoscientific since the 18th century, that claim to discern information about human affairs and terrestrial events by studying the apparent positions of celestial objects. Di ...
,
alchemy
Alchemy (from Arabic: ''al-kīmiyā''; from Ancient Greek: χυμεία, ''khumeía'') is an ancient branch of natural philosophy, a philosophical and protoscientific tradition that was historically practiced in China, India, the Muslim wo ...
, and disciplines that we would today consider fields of
natural science
Natural science is one of the branches of science concerned with the description, understanding and prediction of natural phenomena, based on empirical evidence from observation and experimentation. Mechanisms such as peer review and repeatab ...
, such as
astronomy
Astronomy () is a natural science that studies celestial objects and phenomena. It uses mathematics, physics, and chemistry in order to explain their origin and evolution. Objects of interest include planets, moons, stars, nebulae, g ...
and
chemistry
Chemistry is the scientific study of the properties and behavior of matter. It is a natural science that covers the elements that make up matter to the compounds made of atoms, molecules and ions: their composition, structure, proper ...
(which developed and diverged from astrology and alchemy, respectively, into the modern sciences they are today) or
botany
Botany, also called , plant biology or phytology, is the science of plant life and a branch of biology. A botanist, plant scientist or phytologist is a scientist who specialises in this field. The term "botany" comes from the Ancient Greek w ...
(from
herbology). The Jesuit scholar
Athanasius Kircher wrote that "there are as many types of natural magic as there are subjects of applied sciences".
Heinrich Cornelius Agrippa
Heinrich Cornelius Agrippa von Nettesheim (; ; 14 September 1486 – 18 February 1535) was a German polymath, physician, legal scholar, soldier, theologian, and occult writer. Agrippa's '' Three Books of Occult Philosophy'' published in 1533 dre ...
discusses natural magic in his ''
Three Books of Occult Philosophy'' (1533),
where he calls it "nothing else but the highest power of natural sciences".
The Italian Renaissance philosopher
Giovanni Pico della Mirandola, who founded the tradition of
Christian Kabbalah, argued that natural magic was "the practical part of natural science" and was lawful rather than heretical.
See also
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References
Further reading
*Charles G. Nauert, ''Magic and Skepticism in Agrippa's Thought,'' Journal of the History of Ideas (1957), p. 176.
*Ryan J. Stark, ''Rhetoric, Science, and Magic in Seventeenth-Century England'' (Washington, DC: The Catholic University of America Press, 2009), 88-114.
History of science
Renaissance
Magic (supernatural)
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