History
Colonial acquisition of German in Namibia often took place outside of formal education and was primarily self-taught. Like many pidgin languages, Namibian Black German developed through limited access to the standard language and was restricted to the work environment. Currently several hundred thousand Namibians speak German as a second language – many, but not most of them Black, and while Namibian German often does not adhere to standard German, it is not pidgin.Prepositions
English and Afrikaans have left an influence on the development of NBG, leading to three primary prepositional patterns: *adding a preposition where Standard German would use the accusative *dropping prepositions which are usually present in Standard German *changing the preposition that is required by the verbExamples
Examples of phrases with Standard German equivalents: * ''Lange nicht sehen ''- long no see ("Lange nicht gesehen") * ''Was Banane kosten? ''- How much does the banana cost? ("Was kostet die/eine Banane?") * ''spät Uhr'' - 'late hour', meaning 'it's late' ("es ist spät") * ''Herr fahren Jagd, nicht Haus'' - "Master went hunting and he's not at home" ("Der Herr ist zur Jagd gefahren und ist nicht zu Hause")References
Further reading
* *Deumert, A. (2010). Historical Sociolinguistics in a Colonial World, Methodological Considerations owerPoint slides Retrieved from http://hison.sbg.ac.at/content/conferences/handoutsslides2010/Deumert3.pdf * *Langer, N., McLelland, N. (2011). German Studies: Language and Linguistics. The Year's Work in Modern Language Studies, 71, 564–594. * *Stolberg, D. (2012). When a standard language goes colonial: Language attitudes, language planning, and destandardization during German colonialism. 25th Scandinavian Conference of Linguistics, Workshop 2: Foundations of Language Standardization. Retrieved from http://conference.hi.is/scl25/files/2012/06/Stolberg.pdf German-based pidgins and creoles Languages of Namibia Germany–Namibia relations German-Namibian culture {{pidgincreole-lang-stub