Many cities in Europe have different names in different languages. Some cities have also undergone name changes for political or other reasons. This article attempts to give all known different names for all major cities that are geographically or historically and culturally in

Europe Europe is a large peninsula conventionally considered a continent in its own right because of its great physical size and the weight of its history and traditions. Europe is also considered a subcontinent of Eurasia and it is located entirel ...

. It also includes some smaller towns that are important because of their location or history. This article does not offer any opinion about what the "original", "official", "real" or "correct" name of any city is or was. Cities are listed alphabetically by their current best-known name in English. The English version is followed by variants in other languages, in alphabetical order by name, and then by any historical variants and former names. Several cities have

diacritics A diacritic (also diacritical mark, diacritical point, diacritical sign, or accent) is a glyph added to a letter or to a basic glyph. The term derives from the Ancient Greek (, "distinguishing"), from (, "to distinguish"). The word ''diacriti ...

in their listed name in English. It is very common that the press strip the diacritics and that means a parallel diacritic-free version is very often used in English. Foreign names that are the same as their English equivalents may be listed. Note: The blue asterisks generally indicate the availability of a Wikipedia article in that language for that city; it also provides additional reference for the equivalence. Red asterisks or a lack of an asterisk indicate that no such article exists, and that these equivalents without further footnotes should be viewed with caution.

List of German exonyms for places in the Czech Republic The names of places in what is today the Czech Republic have evolved during their history. The list concerns primarily the settlements, but bilingual names for significant mountains and rivers are also listed. Places are sorted alphabetically acco ...

List of German exonyms for places in Croatia This is a list of German exonyms for places in Croatia. The entire territory that belongs today to the Republic of Croatia, was governed by Austria-Hungary until 1918, and some Hungarian exonyms became common in German, and have been used inter ...

List of German exonyms for places in Poland Below are links to subpages listing German language names of towns and villages in different regions of Poland. Due to the country's history, many of those names have been in actual use locally, and are thus ''not'' exonyms. Sublists by provinces ...

List of German exonyms for places in Switzerland This is list of German language exonyms for places in multilingual and fully non-German-speaking areas of Switzerland. Complete list of names See also * German exonyms * List of European exonyms {{Authority control German German(s) may r ...

** List of German exonyms for places in Transylvania *

Greek exonyms Below is a list of modern-day Greek language exonyms for mostly European places outside of Greece and Cyprus. Place names that are not mentioned are generally referred to in Greek by their respective names in their native languages, or with the cl ...

Hungarian exonyms Below is a list of Hungarian language exonyms for places outside of Hungary. It excludes transliterations with the same pronunciation as the endonym, and place names spelled the same. Albania Austria ''For a list of Hungarian place names in the ...

Icelandic exonyms The following is a list of Icelandic exonyms, that is to say names for places in Icelandic that have been adapted to Icelandic spelling rules, translated into Icelandic, or Old Norse exonyms surviving in Icelandic. Commonly pronunciation is close ...

Irish exonyms This is list of Irish language exonyms for places outside Ireland. The tables contain both exonym and endonym of places around the world. The exonyms in Irish and the endonyms in their regional language. Algeria Belgium Bosnia and Herze ...

Italian exonyms ''Below is list of Italian language exonyms for places in non-Italian-speaking areas of the world'' Albania Algeria Australia Austria Bangladesh Belgium Brazil Bulgaria Burkina Faso Canada Chile China ...

Latvian exonyms ''Below is list of Latvian language exonyms for places in non-Latvian-speaking places:'' Albania Austria Belarus Belgium Denmark Estonia France Germany Greece Italy Lithuania Portugal Romania Russia Serbia Switzerl ...

Names of Lithuanian places in other languages This page lists some names of places in Lithuania, as they are called in Lithuanian, and as they are called or were formerly called in other languages spoken by ethnic groups. Which are or have been represented within Lithuanian territory. Cities ...

* Limburgish exonyms *

Lithuanian exonyms This is a list of Lithuanian language exonyms for places outside the Republic of Lithuania. Albania Austria Belarus Belgium Denmark Estonia France Italy Latvia Netherlands Moldova Poland Portugal Romania Russia Most ...

Names of Belarusian places in other languages This page lists some names of places in Belarus, as they are called in two of the official languages (Belarusian language, Belarusian, Russian language, Russian) and in other languages spoken by ethnic groups which are or have been represented with ...

Luxembourgish exonyms The following is a list of Luxembourgish exonyms, that is to say Luxembourgish-language names for places that do not speak Luxembourgish. Belgium France Germany Greece Italy See also *List of European exonyms {{Short description, n ...

Maltese exonyms Below is list of Maltese exonyms places that do not use Maltese. Albania Algeria Austria Belgium China Cyprus Czech Republic Denmark Egypt France Germany Greece Israel and West Bank Italy Lebanon Libya Netherlands ...

Norwegian exonyms As a general rule, modern Norwegian does not use exonyms for names with endonyms in Latin script. Historically, several Danish/German exonyms have been in use, due to the Danish roots of the Bokmål variety of Norwegian, but these exonyms should b ...

Portuguese exonyms Below is a list of Portuguese language exonyms for places in non-Portuguese-speaking areas. Some of them are used exclusively in European Portuguese (marked E) while others appear just in Brazilian Portuguese (marked B). Some of these terms are ...

Romanian exonyms Below is list of exonyms of Romanian language, or exonym-words for places outside Romania and Republic of Moldova. Most of them shall keep the original writing, unless not using Latin alphabet: Albania * *Berat Vâlea *Boboshticë Bubușița ...

Russian exonyms Below is a list of Russian language exonyms for places, mainly in Europe. Note that this list only includes names that are significantly different from the local toponym, some exonyms are marked as historical, modern exonyms may match the topo ...

* Serbian exonyms *

Slavic toponyms for Greek places The Greek state has systematically replaced geographical and topographic names of non-Greek origin with Greek names as part of a policy and ideology of Hellenization. The main objective of the initiative has been to assimilate or hide geographica ...

* Slovak exonyms * Slovenian exonyms * Spanish exonyms * Swedish exonyms *

Turkish exonyms An exonym is a place name, used by non-natives of that place, that differs from the official or native name for that place. Turkish has a wealth of exonyms in areas beyond the current borders of Turkey notably those that were once part of Ottoman ...

* Ukrainian exonyms *

Vietnamese exonyms Below is a list of Vietnamese exonyms for various places around the world: History Historical exonyms include place names of bordering countries, namely Thailand, Laos, China, and Cambodia. During the expansion of Vietnam (Nam tiến), some p ...

* Welsh exonyms

Other

* Exonym and endonym *

Toponomy Toponymy, toponymics, or toponomastics is the study of ''toponyms'' (proper names of places, also known as place names and geographic names), including their origins, meanings, usage and types. Toponym is the general term for a proper name of ...

* Lists of places *

Lists of etymologies This is a list of etymological lists. General * List of company name etymologies * List of computer term etymologies * List of band name etymologies * List of chemical element name etymologies English word origins * Non-loanwords ** Proto-Indo ...

* List of countries and capitals in native languages *

List of alternative country names Most sovereign states have alternative names. Some countries have also undergone name changes for political or other reasons. This article attempts to give all known alternative names and initialisms for all nations, countries, and sovereign sta ...

List of country names in various languages Most countries of the world have different names in different languages. Some countries have also undergone name changes for political or other reasons. This article attempts to give all known alternative names for all nations, countries and sovere ...

List of European exonyms {{Short description, none Below is a list with links to further Wikipedia-pages containing lists of exonyms of various European languages for villages, towns, and cities in Europe. * Albanian exonyms * Basque exonyms * Bulgarian exonyms * Catalan e ...

List of Latin place names in Europe This list includes European countries and regions that were part of the Roman Empire, or that were given Latin place names in historical references. As a large portion of the latter were only created during the Middle Ages, often based on scholar ...

* List of European regions with alternative names * List of European rivers with alternative names * List of oceans with alternative names * Place names in Irish *

List of traditional Greek place names This is a list of Greek place names as they exist in the Greek language. *Places involved in the history of Greek culture, including: **Historic Greek regions, including: ***Ancient Greece, including colonies and contacted peoples ***Hellenistic ...

List of names of Asian cities in different languages This is a list of cities in Asia that have several names in different languages, including former names. Many cities have different names in different languages. Some cities have also undergone name changes for political or other reasons. This ...

List of cities in Europe This is a list of lists of cities in Europe. Lists of countries includes countries that fall to at least some extent within European geographical boundaries according to certain definitions. European Union * List of cities in the European Union by ...

* List of metropolitan areas in Europe by population *

List of villages in Europe by country This is a list of villages in Europe by country: * List of villages in Bulgaria *List of villages in Northern Ireland * Lists of villages in Norway *List of populated places in Serbia See also * List of cities in Europe *Europe {{DEFAULTSORT ...

Names of places in Finland in Finnish and in Swedish Finland has two official languages, Finnish and Swedish. Many places in the country have different names in Finnish and Swedish, both being official endonyms. Regions Municipalities Some Finnish municipalities with endonyms in both Finnish and ...

Sources

*For Albanian names: **Albecorp, Atlas Gjeografik I Botës (1997) *For Bulgarian names: **Атлас География (1998) *For Croatian names: **Znanje, Školski Atlas, (2000) *For Czech names: **Ikar, Školní Atlas, (1999) *For Danish names: **Politikens Verdens Atlas, (1998) **Alinea, Folke Skolens Atlas, (2005) *For Dutch names: **Atrium Wereld Atlas, (2002) *For Estonian names: **Otava, Atlas, (1997) *For Finnish names: **Uusi Iso Atlas, (1998) *For French names: **LaRousse, Atlas Général (1976) **Magellan, Atlas Pratique, (1997) *For German names: ** Westermann, Diercke Weltatlas, (2000) **Westermann, Durchblick Universalatlas, (2005) *For Greek names: **Παγκόσμιος Άτλαντας, (1995) **Γεωγραφικός Άτλαντας, (1999) *For Hungarian names: **A Föld Világatlasz, (1999) *For Irish names: **Collins-Longman, Atlas a haon do scoileanna na hÉireann (1977) *For Italian names: **Garzanti, Atlante Geografico e Storico, (1994) *For Latvian names: **Pasaules Ģeogrāfijas Atlants, (1997) *For Macedonian names: **Mojot Атлас (1991) *For Maltese names: **Lizio Zerafa, Agħraf Pajjiżek, Il-Ġografija (1992) *For Norwegian names: **Kunnskapsforlaget, Store Verdensatlas, (1997) *For Polish names: **PPWK, Świat Atlas Geograficzny, (1997) *For Portuguese names: **Celso Antunes, Atlas Geográfico, (1999) **Bernard Jenner, Atlas Geográfico Ilustrado, (1999) **Edelbra, Atlas Universal, (2001) *For Romanian names: **Octavian Mândruţ, Atlas Geografic Şcolar, (1999) **Garamond, Atlas Geografic Didactic, (1998) **LaRousse, Atlasul Statelor Lumii, (1999) **E. Gregorian et al., Atlas Geografic Şcolar, (1998) *For Russian names: ** Атлас Мира, (2000) *For Serbian names: ** Географски Атлас (1997) *For Slovak names: **Ikar, Školský Atlas, (1999) *For Slovene names: **Založba Mladinska knjiga, Atlas Sveta 2000, (1998) *For Spanish names: **Atlas Mundial, (1997) **Bill Boyle, Mi primer Atlas, (1994) **Altas Escolar Universal Porrúa, (1988) *For Swedish names: **Almqvist & Wiksell, Atlas, (1998) **Almqvist & Wiksell, Atlas, (1999) *For Turkish names: **Arkın Kitabevi, İlköğretim Atlası, (1999) **F.S. Duran, Büyük Atlas, (2000) *For Ukrainian names: ** Атлас Світу (1999) *For Welsh names: **Collins-Longman, Yr Atlas Cymraeg Newydd, (1999) {{div col end names Exonyms

See also

Exonym An endonym (from Greek: , 'inner' + , 'name'; also known as autonym) is a common, ''native'' name for a geographical place, group of people, individual person, language or dialect, meaning that it is used inside that particular place, group, ...s by language

Other

Sources

Exonym An endonym (from Greek: , 'inner' + , 'name'; also known as autonym) is a common, ''native'' name for a geographical place, group of people, individual person, language or dialect, meaning that it is used inside that particular place, group, ...
s by language