The
ethnonym
An ethnonym () is a name applied to a given ethnic group. Ethnonyms can be divided into two categories: exonyms (whose name of the ethnic group has been created by another group of people) and autonyms, or endonyms (whose name is created and us ...
s for the
Poles
Poles,, ; singular masculine: ''Polak'', singular feminine: ''Polka'' or Polish people, are a West Slavic nation and ethnic group, who share a common history, culture, the Polish language and are identified with the country of Poland in ...
(people) and
Poland
Poland, officially the Republic of Poland, is a country in Central Europe. It is divided into 16 administrative provinces called voivodeships, covering an area of . Poland has a population of over 38 million and is the fifth-most populou ...
(their country) include
endonyms (the way Polish people refer to themselves and their country) and exonyms (the way other peoples refer to the Poles and their country). Endonyms and most exonyms for Poles and Poland derive from the name of the
West Slavic tribe of
Polans (''Polanie''), while in some languages the exonyms for Poland to derive from the name of another tribe – the
Lendians (''Lędzianie'').
Endonyms
The
Polish words for a Pole are ''Polak'' (masculine) and ''Polka'' (feminine), ''Polki'' being the plural form for two or more women and ''Polacy'' being the plural form for the rest. The adjective "Polish" translates to Polish as ''polski'' (masculine), ''polska'' (feminine) and ''polskie'' (neuter). The common Polish name for
Poland
Poland, officially the Republic of Poland, is a country in Central Europe. It is divided into 16 administrative provinces called voivodeships, covering an area of . Poland has a population of over 38 million and is the fifth-most populou ...
is ''Polska''. The latter Polish word is an adjectival form which has developed into a substantive
noun
A noun () is a word that generally functions as the name of a specific object or set of objects, such as living creatures, places, actions, qualities, states of existence, or ideas.Example nouns for:
* Living creatures (including people, alive, ...
, most probably originating in the phrase ''polska ziemia'', meaning "Polish land".
Rzeczpospolita
The full official name of the Polish state is ''Rzeczpospolita Polska'' which translates to "Republic of Poland". The word ''rzeczpospolita'' has been used in
Poland
Poland, officially the Republic of Poland, is a country in Central Europe. It is divided into 16 administrative provinces called voivodeships, covering an area of . Poland has a population of over 38 million and is the fifth-most populou ...
since at least the 16th century. Originally it was a generic term used to denote any state with a
republic
A republic () is a " state in which power rests with the people or their representatives; specifically a state without a monarchy" and also a "government, or system of government, of such a state." Previously, especially in the 17th and 18th ...
an or similar form of government. Today, however, the word is used almost solely in reference to the
Polish State. Any other republic is referred to as ''republika'' in modern Polish.
Language roots
It is often assumed that all of the above names derive from the name of the
Polans (Polanie), a West Slavic tribe which inhabited the territories of present-day Poland in the 9th–10th centuries. The origin of the name Polanie is theorized to be descendend ultimately from
Proto-Slavic
Proto-Slavic (abbreviated PSl., PS.; also called Common Slavic or Common Slavonic) is the unattested, reconstructed proto-language of all Slavic languages. It represents Slavic speech approximately from the 2nd millennium B.C. through the 6th ...
and
Proto-Indo-European
Proto-Indo-European (PIE) is the reconstructed common ancestor of the Indo-European language family. Its proposed features have been derived by linguistic reconstruction from documented Indo-European languages. No direct record of Proto-Indo ...
. It may derive from the word ''pole'', Polish for "field".
Many ancient tribes in Europe derived their names from the nature of the land they inhabited.
Gervase of Tilbury
Gervase of Tilbury ( la, Gervasius Tilberiensis; 1150–1220) was an English canon lawyer, statesman and cleric. He enjoyed the favour of Henry II of England and later of Henry's grandson, Emperor Otto IV, for whom he wrote his best known work, ...
wrote in his Otia imperialia ("Recreation for an Emperor", 1211): ''Inter
Alpes Huniae et
Oceanum est Polonia, sic dicta in eorum idiomate quasi Campania''.(translation: "Between the Hunnic Alps and the Ocean there is Poland, thus called "Countryside" in their idiom.") Polans may have used ''Polska'' to describe their own territory in the
Warta River
The river Warta ( , ; german: Warthe ; la, Varta) rises in central Poland and meanders greatly north-west to flow into the Oder, against the German border. About long, it is Poland's second-longest river within its borders after the Vistula, a ...
basin. During the 10th century, they managed to subdue and unite the Slavic tribes between the rivers
Oder
The Oder ( , ; Czech, Lower Sorbian and ; ) is a river in Central Europe. It is Poland's second-longest river in total length and third-longest within its borders after the Vistula and Warta. The Oder rises in the Czech Republic and flows ...
and
Bug into a single
feudal state and in the early 11th century, the name ''Polska'' was extended to the entire ethnically Polish territory. The lands originally inhabited by the Polans became known as ''Staropolska'', or "Old Poland", and later as ''Wielkopolska'', or "
Greater Poland
Greater Poland, often known by its Polish name Wielkopolska (; german: Großpolen, sv, Storpolen, la, Polonia Maior), is a historical region of west-central Poland. Its chief and largest city is Poznań followed by Kalisz, the oldest cit ...
", while the lands conquered towards the end of the 10th century, home of the
Vistulans (''Wiślanie'') and the
Lendians, became known as ''Małopolska'', or "
Lesser Poland
Lesser Poland, often known by its Polish name Małopolska ( la, Polonia Minor), is a historical region situated in southern and south-eastern Poland. Its capital and largest city is Kraków. Throughout centuries, Lesser Poland developed a ...
."
In Polish literature, Poland is sometimes referred to as
Lechia
The ethnonyms for the Poles (people) and Poland (their country) include endonyms (the way Polish people refer to themselves and their country) and exonyms (the way other peoples refer to the Poles and their country). Endonyms and most exonyms ...
, derived from Lech, the legendary
founder of Poland. In the 17th–18th centuries, ''Sarmaci'' ("Sarmatians") was a popular name by which Polish nobles referred to themselves (see
Sarmatism
Sarmatism (or Sarmatianism; pl, Sarmatyzm; lt, Sarmatizmas) was an ethno-cultural ideology within the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. It was the dominant Baroque culture and ideology of the nobility () that existed in times of the Renai ...
).
"Poland" in European literary sources
The earliest recorded mention of "Poland" is found in a Latin text written in 1003 and titled "Annales Hildesheimenses": "''Heinricus Berthaldi comitis filius, et Bruno frater regis, et ambo Bolizavones, Polianicus vide licet ac Boemicus, a rege infideliter maiestatis rei deficient.''" In English: Henry, son of Berthold, and Bruno, brother of the king, and both Boleslaws, Polish and Czech, left the circle of friends of the Emperor.
Lechia
Lechia is an ancient name of Poland,
[
] stemming from the legendary founder and supposed ruler, ''Lech'' (a common first name today). The root syllable survives in several
European languages
Most languages of Europe belong to the Indo-European language family. Out of a total European population of 744 million as of 2018, some 94% are native speakers of an Indo-European language. Within Indo-European, the three largest phyla are Ro ...
and in some Central Asian and Middle Eastern names designating Poland, for example:
* ''Leasir'' in
Old Norse
Old Norse, Old Nordic, or Old Scandinavian, is a stage of development of North Germanic dialects before their final divergence into separate Nordic languages. Old Norse was spoken by inhabitants of Scandinavia and their overseas settlement ...
* ''Lenkija'' in
Lithuanian
* ''Lehia'' in
Romanian
Romanian may refer to:
*anything of, from, or related to the country and nation of Romania
** Romanians, an ethnic group
**Romanian language, a Romance language
***Romanian dialects, variants of the Romanian language
**Romanian cuisine, traditiona ...
* ''Lengyelország'' in
Hungarian
* ''Lehastan'' in
Armenian
* ''Lehistan'' in
Ottoman Turkish
Ottoman Turkish ( ota, لِسانِ عُثمانى, Lisân-ı Osmânî, ; tr, Osmanlı Türkçesi) was the standardized register of the Turkish language used by the citizens of the Ottoman Empire (14th to 20th centuries CE). It borrowed extens ...
,
Gagauz,
Kumyk,
Crimean Turkishand
Turkish
* ''Лихѧна'' in
Church Slavonic
Church Slavonic (, , literally "Church-Slavonic language"), also known as Church Slavic, New Church Slavonic or New Church Slavic, is the conservative Slavic liturgical language used by the Eastern Orthodox Church in Belarus, Bosnia and Her ...
* ''Лахьыбзэ'' in
Kabardian
* ''Лаҳистон/Lahiston'' in
Tajik
* ''Ləhistan/Löhüstan'' (لهستان) in
Middle Azerbaijani
* ''Lahestan/Lehestan'' (لهستان) in
Persian and
* ''Lähistan'' (لەھىستان) in
Uighur
* ''Λεχία'' in
Greek
Greek may refer to:
Greece
Anything of, from, or related to Greece, a country in Southern Europe:
*Greeks, an ethnic group.
*Greek language, a branch of the Indo-European language family.
**Proto-Greek language, the assumed last common ancestor ...
* ''Lechitarum'' in
Latin
Latin (, or , ) is a classical language belonging to the Italic languages, Italic branch of the Indo-European languages. Latin was originally a dialect spoken in the lower Tiber area (then known as Latium) around present-day Rome, but through ...
* ''Läxstan'' in
Tatar
The Tatars ()[Tatar]
in the Collins English Dictionary is an umbrella term for different ,
Bashkir and
Siberian Tatar
Siberia ( ; rus, Сибирь, r=Sibir', p=sʲɪˈbʲirʲ, a=Ru-Сибирь.ogg) is an extensive geographical region, constituting all of North Asia, from the Ural Mountains in the west to the Pacific Ocean in the east. It has been a part of ...
* ''Liachistan'', ''Liachija'', ''Lech Jer'', ''Liach'', ''Liach Bijligi'' in
Karaim
Several Polish sports organizations have adopted the name ''Lechia''. The best-known example is
Lechia Gdańsk
Lechia Gdańsk () is a Polish football club based in Gdańsk. The club was founded in 1945 by people expelled from Lwów, who were supporters of Poland's oldest football team Lechia Lwów, founded in 1903. The club's name comes from Lechia, a ...
. Other examples include
Lechia Lwów
Lechia Lwów (full name: ''Lwowski Klub Sportowy "Lechia" Lwów'') was the first Polish professional association football club, founded in summer 1903 in Lwów by students of the 3rd and 4th gymnasiums as well as former members of the Sokół foot ...
and
Lechia Zielona Góra. In the
People's Republic of Poland
The Polish People's Republic ( pl, Polska Rzeczpospolita Ludowa, PRL) was a country in Central Europe that existed from 1947 to 1989 as the predecessor of the modern Republic of Poland. With a population of approximately 37.9 million ne ...
, the
Nivea
Nivea (, stylized as NIVEA) is a German personal care brand that specializes in skin and body care. It is owned by the Hamburg-based company Beiersdorf Global AG. The company was founded on 28 March 1882, by Paul Carl Beiersdorf. In 1890, it w ...
branch located in
Poznań
Poznań () is a city on the River Warta in west-central Poland, within the Greater Poland region. The city is an important cultural and business centre, and one of Poland's most populous regions with many regional customs such as Saint Joh ...
was named the Pollena-Lechia Cosmetics Factory (''Fabryka Kosmetyków Pollena-Lechia'').
Exonyms
Variations of the country endonym ''Polska'' became exonyms in other languages.
In Slavic languages
Exonyms for Poland in
Slavic languages
The Slavic languages, also known as the Slavonic languages, are Indo-European languages spoken primarily by the Slavic peoples and their descendants. They are thought to descend from a proto-language called Proto-Slavic, spoken during the ...
. The West Slavic languages such as Czech and Slovak bear particular resemblance to the Polish endonym:
*
Kashubian ''Pòlskô''
*
Czech ''Polsko''
*
Slovak ''Poľsko''
*
Serbo-Croatian
Serbo-Croatian () – also called Serbo-Croat (), Serbo-Croat-Bosnian (SCB), Bosnian-Croatian-Serbian (BCS), and Bosnian-Croatian-Montenegrin-Serbian (BCMS) – is a South Slavic language and the primary language of Serbia, Croatia, Bosnia an ...
: Пољска / Poljska
*
Slovene
*
Belarusian Польшча, ''Pol'shcha''
*
Ukrainian
Ukrainian may refer to:
* Something of, from, or related to Ukraine
* Something relating to Ukrainians, an East Slavic people from Eastern Europe
* Something relating to demographics of Ukraine in terms of demography and population of Ukraine
* So ...
Польща, ''Pol'shcha''
*
Russian Польша, ''Pol'sha''
*
Bulgarian Полша, ''Polsha''
*
Macedonian
Macedonian most often refers to someone or something from or related to Macedonia.
Macedonian(s) may specifically refer to:
People Modern
* Macedonians (ethnic group), a nation and a South Slavic ethnic group primarily associated with North Ma ...
Полска, ''Polska''
Non-Germanic languages which borrowed their word for Poland from Slavic include:
*
Abkhaz Польша, ''Ṗol’ša''
*
Azerbaijani
Azerbaijani may refer to:
* Something of, or related to Azerbaijan
* Azerbaijanis
* Azerbaijani language
See also
* Azerbaijan (disambiguation)
* Azeri (disambiguation)
* Azerbaijani cuisine
* Culture of Azerbaijan
The culture of Azerbaijan ...
,
Gagauz Polşa
*
Bashkir,
Kazakh,
Kyrgyz Kyrgyz, Kirghiz or Kyrgyzstani may refer to:
* Someone or something related to Kyrgyzstan
*Kyrgyz people
*Kyrgyz national games
*Kyrgyz language
*Kyrgyz culture
*Kyrgyz cuisine
*Yenisei Kirghiz
*The Fuyü Gïrgïs language in Northeastern China
...
,
Tatar
The Tatars ()[Tatar]
in the Collins English Dictionary is an umbrella term for different ,
Turkmen Польша, ''Polşa''
*
North Korean standard language 뽈스까 ''Ppolsŭkka''
*
Uzbek Польша, ''Polsha''
In Romance languages
In
Latin
Latin (, or , ) is a classical language belonging to the Italic languages, Italic branch of the Indo-European languages. Latin was originally a dialect spoken in the lower Tiber area (then known as Latium) around present-day Rome, but through ...
, which was the principal written language of the
Middle Ages
In the history of Europe, the Middle Ages or medieval period lasted approximately from the late 5th to the late 15th centuries, similar to the post-classical period of global history. It began with the fall of the Western Roman Empire ...
, the exonym for Poland became ''Polonia''. It later became the basis for Poland's name in all
Romance languages:
*
Catalan
Catalan may refer to:
Catalonia
From, or related to Catalonia:
* Catalan language, a Romance language
* Catalans, an ethnic group formed by the people from, or with origins in, Northern or southern Catalonia
Places
* 13178 Catalan, asteroid #1 ...
''Polònia''
*
Occitan ''Polonha''
*
French
French (french: français(e), link=no) may refer to:
* Something of, from, or related to France
** French language, which originated in France, and its various dialects and accents
** French people, a nation and ethnic group identified with Franc ...
''Pologne''
*
Italian,
Galician,
Romanian
Romanian may refer to:
*anything of, from, or related to the country and nation of Romania
** Romanians, an ethnic group
**Romanian language, a Romance language
***Romanian dialects, variants of the Romanian language
**Romanian cuisine, traditiona ...
,
Spanish ''Polonia''
*
Portuguese ''Polónia'' (
European) / ''Polônia'' (
Brazilian)
Many other languages (e.g.
Albanian ''Polonia'';
Arabic
Arabic (, ' ; , ' or ) is a Semitic language spoken primarily across the Arab world.Semitic languages: an international handbook / edited by Stefan Weninger; in collaboration with Geoffrey Khan, Michael P. Streck, Janet C. E.Watson; Walter ...
بولونيا ''Būlūniyā'';
Greek
Greek may refer to:
Greece
Anything of, from, or related to Greece, a country in Southern Europe:
*Greeks, an ethnic group.
*Greek language, a branch of the Indo-European language family.
**Proto-Greek language, the assumed last common ancestor ...
Πολωνία, ''Polōnía'';
Maltese ''Polonja'') use a variation of the Latin name.
In Germanic languages
Germans
, native_name_lang = de
, region1 =
, pop1 = 72,650,269
, region2 =
, pop2 = 534,000
, region3 =
, pop3 = 157,000
3,322,405
, region4 =
, pop4 = ...
, Poland's western neighbors, called it ''Polen''. Other
Germanic languages
The Germanic languages are a branch of the Indo-European language family spoken natively by a population of about 515 million people mainly in Europe, North America, Oceania and Southern Africa. The most widely spoken Germanic language, ...
use related exonyms:
*
Dutch,
Danish,
Swedish,
Norwegian ''Polen''
*
English
English usually refers to:
* English language
* English people
English may also refer to:
Peoples, culture, and language
* ''English'', an adjective for something of, from, or related to England
** English national ...
''Poland''
*
Icelandic,
Faroese ''Pólland''
*
Yiddish
Yiddish (, or , ''yidish'' or ''idish'', , ; , ''Yidish-Taytsh'', ) is a West Germanic language historically spoken by Ashkenazi Jews. It originated during the 9th century in Central Europe, providing the nascent Ashkenazi community with a ve ...
, ''Poyln''
Non-Germanic languages which borrowed their word for Poland from Germanic include:
*
Arabic
Arabic (, ' ; , ' or ) is a Semitic language spoken primarily across the Arab world.Semitic languages: an international handbook / edited by Stefan Weninger; in collaboration with Geoffrey Khan, Michael P. Streck, Janet C. E.Watson; Walter ...
, ''Būlandā''
*
Esperanto
Esperanto ( or ) is the world's most widely spoken constructed international auxiliary language. Created by the Warsaw-based ophthalmologist L. L. Zamenhof in 1887, it was intended to be a universal second language for international communic ...
''Pollando, Polio / Polujo''
*
Hebrew
Hebrew (; ; ) is a Northwest Semitic language of the Afroasiatic language family. Historically, it is one of the spoken languages of the Israelites and their longest-surviving descendants, the Jews and Samaritans. It was largely preserved ...
, ''Polín'' (Older pronunciation: ''Pólin'' and ''Polánia'')
*
Indonesian ''Polandia''
*
Irish ''An Pholainn''
*
Japanese ポーランド, ''Pōrando''
*
Chinese 波兰 (simplified) or 波蘭 (traditional), ''Bōlán''
*
South Korean standard language
The South Korean standard language or Pyojuneo () is the South Korean standard language, standard version of the Korean language. It is based on the Seoul dialect, although various words are borrowed from other regional dialects. It uses the Hangul ...
폴란드, ''Pollandeu''
*
Vietnamese ''Ba Lan'' (波蘭)
Other
The
Lendians, a Proto-Polish tribe who lived around the confluence of the rivers
Vistula
The Vistula (; pl, Wisła, ) is the longest river in Poland and the ninth-longest river in Europe, at in length. The drainage basin, reaching into three other nations, covers , of which is in Poland.
The Vistula rises at Barania Góra in ...
and
San (south-eastern Poland), are the source of another exonym. The tribe's name likely comes from the Proto-Polish word ''lęda'', or "scorched land".
[ Their name was borrowed to refer to Poland mainly by peoples who lived east or south of Poland:
* лях (''lyakh'') is used in ]East Slavic languages
The East Slavic languages constitute one of three regional subgroups of the Slavic languages, distinct from the West and South Slavic languages. East Slavic languages are currently spoken natively throughout Eastern Europe, and eastwards to Siber ...
. It also appears in Polish literature as ''Lachy'', a synonym for "Poles" and "Poland" used by East Slavic characters. Podlasie
Podlachia, or Podlasie, ( pl, Podlasie, , be, Падляшша, translit=Padliašša, uk, Підляшшя, translit=Pidliashshia) is a historical region in the north-eastern part of Poland. Between 1513 and 1795 it was a voivodeship with the c ...
, a Polish region on the Belarus
Belarus,, , ; alternatively and formerly known as Byelorussia (from Russian ). officially the Republic of Belarus,; rus, Республика Беларусь, Respublika Belarus. is a landlocked country in Eastern Europe. It is bordered by ...
ian border, derives its name from the same root. '' Lachy Sądeckie'' is the name of a small cultural group around Nowy Sącz
Nowy Sącz (; hu, Újszandec; yi, Tzanz, צאַנז; sk, Nový Sonč; german: Neu-Sandez) is a city in the Lesser Poland Voivodeship of southern Poland. It is the district capital of Nowy Sącz County as a separate administrative unit. It has ...
in southern Lesser Poland.
* Lithuanian ''Lenkija''
* Hungarian ''Lengyelország''
* Persian , ''Lahestān''. The word combines Lah with a common Persian suffix -stān, which means "The land of".
* Turkish ''Lehistan'', a borrowing from Persian. It is now considered obsolete and replaced by ''Polonya''.
* Armenian , ''Lehastan'' was also borrowed from Persian.
Related words
Some common English words, as well as scientific nomenclature, derive from exonyms of Poland in various languages.
* Alla polacca, like a polonaise (in musical notation); Italian for "Polish style"
* Polacca
A polacca (or ''polacre'') is a type of seventeenth- to nineteenth-century sailing vessel, similar to the xebec. The name is the feminine of "Polish" in the Italian language. The polacca was frequently seen in the Mediterranean. It had two or th ...
, a type of 17th-century sailing vessel
* Polka
Polka is a dance and genre of dance music originating in nineteenth-century Bohemia, now part of the Czech Republic. Though associated with Czech culture, polka is popular throughout Europe and the Americas.
History
Etymology
The te ...
, a dance
Dance is a performing art form consisting of sequences of movement, either improvised or purposefully selected. This movement has aesthetic and often symbolic value. Dance can be categorized and described by its choreography, by its repertoire ...
and genre of dance music
Dance music is music composed specifically to facilitate or accompany dancing. It can be either a whole musical piece or part of a larger musical arrangement. In terms of performance, the major categories are live dance music and recorded da ...
originally from Bohemia
Bohemia ( ; cs, Čechy ; ; hsb, Čěska; szl, Czechy) is the westernmost and largest historical region of the Czech Republic. Bohemia can also refer to a wider area consisting of the historical Lands of the Bohemian Crown ruled by the Bohem ...
; Czech (also Polish) "Pole" (feminine)
* Polonaise
The polonaise (, ; pl, polonez ) is a dance of Polish origin, one of the five Polish national dances in time. Its name is French for "Polish" adjective feminine/"Polish woman"/"girl". The original Polish name of the dance is Chodzony, meani ...
, several meanings including a dance of Polish origin; from French ''polonaise'', "Polish" (feminine)
* Pologne, several meanings including Polish Haitians
Polish Haitians ( ht, Poloné or ''La Pologne'') are Haitian people of Polish ancestry dating to the early 19th century; a few may be Poles of more recent native birth who have gained Haitian citizenship. Cazale, a small village in the hills ab ...
, from French name for Poland
* 1112 Polonia, an asteroid; from Latin ''Polonia'', "Poland"
* Polonium
Polonium is a chemical element with the symbol Po and atomic number 84. Polonium is a chalcogen. A rare and highly radioactive metal with no stable isotopes, polonium is chemically similar to selenium and tellurium, though its metallic character ...
, a chemical element; from Latin ''Polonia''
* Polska
Poland, officially the Republic of Poland, is a country in Central Europe. It is divided into 16 administrative provinces called voivodeships, covering an area of . Poland has a population of over 38 million and is the fifth-most populous ...
, a dance of Swedish origin; from Swedish ''polska'', "Polish"
* Poulaines, a type of shoes popular in the 15th century in Europe; from Old French
Old French (, , ; Modern French: ) was the language spoken in most of the northern half of France from approximately the 8th to the 14th centuries. Rather than a unified language, Old French was a linkage of Romance dialects, mutually intel ...
''polain'', "Polish"
* Polonia, the term to describe people of Polish origin living outside of Poland and in other countries.
See also
* Civitas Schinesghe
Civitas Schinesghe () is the first recorded name related to Poland as a political entity (the name is a Latinization of or , "ducal gords") first attested in 991/2. The original deed is missing, but is mentioned in an 11th-century papal reges ...
* Exonym and endonym
An endonym (from Greek: , 'inner' + , 'name'; also known as autonym) is a common, ''native'' name for a geographical place, group of people, individual person, language or dialect, meaning that it is used inside that particular place, group, ...
* Lechitic languages
The Lechitic (or Lekhitic) languages are a language subgroup consisting of Polish and several other languages and dialects that were once spoken in the area that is now Poland and eastern Germany. It is one of the branches of the larger West Sl ...
* Lechites
* List of country name etymologies
This list covers English-language country names with their etymologies. Some of these include notes on indigenous names and their etymologies. Countries in ''italics'' are endonyms or no longer exist as sovereign political entities.
A
Afghan ...
* Polish names
Polish names have two main elements: the given name, and the surname. The usage of personal names in Poland is generally governed by civil law, church law, personal taste and family custom.
The law requires a given name to indicate the person's ...
* Polish tribes
"Polish tribes" is a term used sometimes to describe the tribes of West Slavic Lechites that lived from around the mid-6th century in the territories that became Polish with the creation of the Polish state by the Piast dynasty. The territory o ...
* Polonia (disambiguation)
* Polska Ludowa
Polska Ludowa (, ''People's Poland'') was a semi-official reference to the Polish state under Communism. The term was intended to imply the power of the working people in the state. It was a colloquial reference, including official speeches, but ...
References
External links
List of exonyms for Poland
article at geonames.de
{{DEFAULTSORT:Name Of Poland
History of Poland
Poland
Poland, officially the Republic of Poland, is a country in Central Europe. It is divided into 16 administrative provinces called voivodeships, covering an area of . Poland has a population of over 38 million and is the fifth-most populou ...
Polish language