Normalization or normalisation refers to a process that makes something more normal or regular.

Science

Normalization process theory Normalization process theory (NPT) is a sociological theory, generally used in the fields of science and technology studies (STS), implementation research, and healthcare system research. The theory deals with the adoption of technological and o ...

, a sociological theory of the implementation of new technologies or innovations * Normalization model, used in visual neuroscience * Normalization in quantum mechanics, see and normalized solution *

Normalization (sociology) Normalization refers to social processes through which ideas and actions come to be seen as ' normal' and become taken-for-granted or 'natural' in everyday life. There are different behavioral attitudes that humans accept as normal, such as grie ...

or social normalization, the process through which ideas and behaviors that may fall outside of

social norm A social norm is a shared standard of acceptance, acceptable behavior by a group. Social norms can both be informal understandings that govern the behavior of members of a society, as well as be codified into wikt:rule, rules and laws. Social norma ...

s come to be regarded as "normal"

Mathematics and statistics

* Normalization of an algebraic variety, the operation consisting in taking locally the integral closure of the ring of regular functions *

Normalization (statistics) In statistics and applications of statistics, normalization can have a range of meanings. In the simplest cases, normalization of ratings means adjusting values measured on different scales to a notionally common scale, often prior to averaging ...

, adjustments of values or distributions in statistics ** Quantile normalization, statistical technique for making two distributions identical in statistical properties * Normalizing (abstract rewriting), an abstract rewriting system in which every object has at least one normal form **

Normalization property (abstract rewriting) In abstract rewriting, an object is in normal form if it cannot be rewritten any further, i.e. it is irreducible. Depending on the rewriting system, an object may rewrite to several normal forms or none at all. Many properties of rewriting systems ...

, a property of a rewrite system in mathematical logic and theoretical computer science *

Normalizing constant In probability theory, a normalizing constant or normalizing factor is used to reduce any probability function to a probability density function with total probability of one. For example, a Gaussian function can be normalized into a probabilit ...

, in probability theory a constant to make a non-negative function a probability density function *

Noether normalization lemma In mathematics, the Noether normalization lemma is a result of commutative algebra, introduced by Emmy Noether in 1926. It states that for any field k, and any finitely generated commutative ''k''-algebra A, there exist elements y_1,y_2,\ldot ...

, the result of commutative algebra * Vector normalization * Normalized number, a number in

scientific notation Scientific notation is a way of expressing numbers that are too large or too small to be conveniently written in decimal form, since to do so would require writing out an inconveniently long string of digits. It may be referred to as scientif ...

with the decimal point in a consistent position *

Technology and computer science

* A metallurgic process used in annealing *

Normalization (image processing) In image processing, normalization is a process that changes the range of pixel intensity values. Applications include photographs with poor contrast (vision), contrast due to glare, for example. Normalization is sometimes called contrast stretchin ...

, changing the range of pixel intensity values *

Audio normalization Audio normalization is the application of a constant amount of gain to an audio recording to bring the amplitude to a target level (the norm). Because the same amount of gain is applied across the entire recording, the signal-to-noise ratio and ...

, a process of uniformly increasing or decreasing the amplitude of an audio signal *

Data normalization In mathematics and computer science, a canonical, normal, or standard form of a mathematical object is a standard way of presenting that object as a mathematical expression. Often, it is one which provides the simplest representation of an obje ...

, general reduction of data to canonical form *

Normal number In mathematics, a real number is said to be simply normal in an integer base b if its infinite sequence of digits is distributed uniformly in the sense that each of the b digit values has the same natural density 1/b. A number is said to ...

, a floating point number that has exactly one bit or digit to the left of the radix point *

Database normalization Database normalization is the process of structuring a relational database in accordance with a series of so-called '' normal forms'' in order to reduce data redundancy and improve data integrity. It was first proposed by British computer scien ...

, used in database theory *

Dimensional normalization Dimensional modeling (DM) is part of the '' Business Dimensional Lifecycle'' methodology developed by Ralph Kimball which includes a set of methods, techniques and concepts for use in data warehouse design. The approach focuses on identifying th ...

, or snowflaking, removal of redundant attributes in a dimensional model *

NFD normalization Unicode equivalence is the specification by the Unicode character encoding standard that some sequences of code points represent essentially the same character. This feature was introduced in the standard to allow compatibility with pre-existing ...

(''normalization form canonical decomposition''), a normalization form decomposition for Unicode string searches and comparisons in text processing *

Spatial normalization In neuroimaging, spatial normalization is an image processing step, more specifically an image registration method. Human brains differ in size and shape, and one goal of spatial normalization is to deform human brain scans so one location in ...

, a step in image processing for neuroimaging *

Text normalization Text normalization is the process of transforming text into a single canonical form that it might not have had before. Normalizing text before storing or processing it allows for separation of concerns, since input is guaranteed to be consisten ...

, modifying text to make it consistent *

URL normalization URI normalization is the process by which Uniform Resource Identifier, URIs are modified and standardized in a consistent manner. The goal of the normalization process is to transform a URI into a normalized URI so it is possible to determine i ...

, process to modify URLs in a consistent manner *

Normalization (machine learning) In machine learning, normalization is a statistical technique with various applications. There are two main forms of normalization, namely ''data normalization'' and ''activation normalization''. Data normalization (or feature scaling) includes m ...

, a technique in machine learning to change activation patterns to be on a similar scale. *

Normalized frequency (digital signal processing) In digital signal processing (DSP), a normalized frequency is a ratio of a variable frequency (f) and a constant frequency associated with a system (such as a '' sampling rate'', f_s). Some software applications require normalized inputs and pro ...

, unit of frequency cycles/sample in digital signal processing

Other

* The process of establishing normal

diplomatic relations Diplomacy is the communication by representatives of state, intergovernmental, or non-governmental institutions intended to influence events in the international system.Ronald Peter Barston, ''Modern Diplomacy'', Pearson Education, 2006, p. ...

between two countries *

Normalization (people with disabilities) "The normalization principle means making available to all people with disabilities patterns of life and conditions of everyday living which are as close as possible to the regular circumstances and ways of life or society." Normalization is a ...

, principle to make conditions of everyday living available to people with disabilities *

Normalization (Czechoslovakia) In the history of Czechoslovakia, normalization (, ) is a name commonly given to the period following the Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia in August 1968 and up to the ''glasnost'' era of liberalization that began in the Soviet Union and ...

, the restoration of the conditions prevalent before the reform in Czechoslovakia, 1969

Science

Mathematics and statistics

Technology and computer science

Other

See also