Ningxiang () is a

county-level city A county-level city () is a County-level divisions of China, county-level administrative division of the China, People's Republic of China. County-level cities have judiciary, judicial but no legislature, legislative rights over their own local or ...

and the 2nd most populous county-level division in the

Province A province is an administrative division within a country or sovereign state, state. The term derives from the ancient Roman , which was the major territorial and administrative unit of the Roman Empire, Roman Empire's territorial possessions ou ...

Hunan Hunan is an inland Provinces of China, province in Central China. Located in the middle reaches of the Yangtze watershed, it borders the Administrative divisions of China, province-level divisions of Hubei to the north, Jiangxi to the east, Gu ...

, China; it is under the administration of the

prefecture-level city A prefecture-level city () or prefectural city is an administrative division of the China, People's Republic of China (PRC), ranking below a province of China, province and above a Counties of the People's Republic of China, county in China's ...

Changsha Changsha is the capital of Hunan, China. It is the 15th most populous city in China with a population of 10,513,100, the Central China#Cities with urban area over one million in population, third-most populous city in Central China, and the ...

. The city is bordered to the north by Heshan District of

Yiyang Yiyang ( zh, s=益阳 , t=益陽 , p=Yìyáng) is a prefecture-level city on the Zi River in Hunan province, China, straddling Lake Dongting and bordering Hubei to the north. According to the Sixth National Population Census of the People's Repub ...

and

Taojiang County Taojiang County () is a county in the Province of Hunan, China. It is under the administration of Yiyang Prefecture-level City. Located in the north central part of the province, the county is bordered to the north by Hanshou County and Dingch ...

, to the west by

Anhua County Anhua County () is a county in the Province of Hunan, China. It is under the administration of Yiyang Prefecture-level City. Located in the north-central part of the province, the county is bordered to the north by Dingcheng District of Chang ...

and

Lianyuan City Lianyuan () is a county-level city and the 7th most populous county-level division in Hunan Province, China; it is under the administration of Loudi prefecture-level City. Located on the geographical centre of Hunan, the city is bordered to the ...

, to the south by

Louxing District Louxing District () is the only urban district and the seat of Loudi Prefecturel-level City, Hunan Province, China. Located in northeastern part of Loudi, it is in the place across three prefecturel-level cities of Loudi, Changsha and Xiangtan, ...

Loudi Loudi () is a prefecture-level city located in central Hunan province, China. It is situated about southwest of the provincial capital of Changsha and is considered a small to medium size city within the province. According to the 2010 Census, ...

Xiangxiang City Xiangxiang () is a county-level city under the administration of Xiangtan, Hunan province, China. Located on Central Hunan and the west of Xiangtan, Xiangxiang is bordered by Ningxiang, Ningxiang County and Shaoshan, Shaoshan City to the north, Xi ...

, Shaoshan City and

Yuhu District Yuhu District () is one of two urban districts in Xiangtan City, Hunan Province, China. Located in the western region of the city proper and on the northwestern shoreside of the Xiang River, the district is bordered to the north by Yuelu District ...

Xiangtan Xiangtan ( zh, s=湘潭) is a prefecture-level city in east-central Hunan province, south-central China. The hometowns of several founding leaders of the Chinese Communist Party, including Chairman Mao Zedong, President Liu Shaoqi, and Marshal P ...

, to the east by Yuelu and

Wangcheng District Wangcheng District () is one of six urban districts of the prefecture-level city of Changsha, the capital of Hunan Province, China. It is the largest district of Changsha by area. The district is bordered to the north by Miluo City and Xiangyin ...

s. Located in the central east of Hunan Province, Ningxiang covers with a registered population of 1,393,528 and a resident population of 1,218,400 (as of 2014). The city has 4

subdistricts A subdistrict or sub-district is an administrative division that is generally smaller than a district. Equivalents * Administrative posts of East Timor, formerly Portuguese-language * Kelurahan, in Indonesia * Mukim, a township in Brunei, Indon ...

, 21

towns A town is a type of a human settlement, generally larger than a village but smaller than a city. The criteria for distinguishing a town vary globally, often depending on factors such as population size, economic character, administrative stat ...

and 4

townships A township is a form of human settlement or administrative subdivision. Its exact definition varies among countries. Although the term is occasionally associated with an urban area, this tends to be an exception to the rule. In Australia, Canad ...

under its jurisdiction, its

administrative centre An administrative centre is a seat of regional administration or local government, or a county town, or the place where the central administration of a commune, is located. In countries with French as the administrative language, such as Belgi ...

is at

Yutan Subdistrict Yutan Subdistrict () is a subdistrict in Ningxiang City, Hunan Province, China. It borders Baimaqiao Subdistrict to the southwest, Chengjiao Subdistrict to the north and Lijingpu Subdistrict to the southeast. As of 2018, it has a population o ...

()., , also see: The most famous historic resident was

Liu Shaoqi Liu Shaoqi ( ; 24 November 189812 November 1969) was a Chinese revolutionary and politician. He was the chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress from 1954 to 1959, first-ranking Vice Chairman of the Chinese Communis ...

, who lived in Ningxiang from 1898 until 1920, before he went to

Beijing Beijing, Chinese postal romanization, previously romanized as Peking, is the capital city of China. With more than 22 million residents, it is the world's List of national capitals by population, most populous national capital city as well as ...

President President most commonly refers to: *President (corporate title) * President (education), a leader of a college or university *President (government title) President may also refer to: Arts and entertainment Film and television *'' Præsident ...

. The city is famous for its tourism as the home of attractions like He Shuheng's Former Residence, Xie Juezai's Former Residence, Liu Shaoqi's Former Residence, Baiyun Temple,

Miyin Temple Miyin Temple () is a Buddhist temple located in Weishan Township, Ningxiang, Hunan, China. The temple is built within grounds of some . The Chinese Buddhist monk Weishan Lingyou of the Tang dynasty (618–907) founded Miyin Temple on and st ...

, and

Puji Temple Puji Temple () is a Buddhist temple located on the island of Putuoshan in Zhoushan, Zhejiang, China. History Five dynasties In 916, in the 2nd year of Zhenming period (915–921) of the Later Liang dynasty (907–923), when Japan ...

Archeology

Ningxiang was a site of spectacular Shang archaeological finds In 2004, a Chinese team excavated ruins from the

Western Zhou The Western Zhou ( zh, c=西周, p=Xīzhōu; 771 BC) was a period of Chinese history corresponding roughly to the first half of the Zhou dynasty. It began when King Wu of Zhou overthrew the Shang dynasty at the Battle of Muye and ended in 77 ...

period (11th century-771BC) at

Tanheli Tanheli () is an archaeological site in Ningxiang, Hunan, one of major national historical and cultural sites in Hunan. Situated in the upper reaches of the Wei River in Tanheli village, Huangcai town, Ningxiang, it is renowned as a Bronze Age ...

. The findings were of a city site that included two large yellow earth artificial building sites and two even larger sites that may have been palace dwellings. Remnants of moats were found both inside and outside the city. In the highlands outside the city were excavated seven small tombs for nobles and lords which contained many

bronze Bronze is an alloy consisting primarily of copper, commonly with about 12–12.5% tin and often with the addition of other metals (including aluminium, manganese, nickel, or zinc) and sometimes non-metals (such as phosphorus) or metalloid ...

culture implements as well as those made of

jade Jade is an umbrella term for two different types of decorative rocks used for jewelry or Ornament (art), ornaments. Jade is often referred to by either of two different silicate mineral names: nephrite (a silicate of calcium and magnesium in t ...

. The site was listed in

as one of the top ten archeological discoveries of 2004.

History

Human habitation in Ningxiang dates back to ancient times. The earliest archaeological remains so far unearthed are the

Four-goat Square Zun The Four-goat Square Zun () is an ancient Chinese ritual bronze ''zun'' vessel. It is more than 3,000 years old from the era of late Shang dynasty (11th – 10th century BC), and famous for its shape, each of the four sides of the belly has a big ...

and Dahe Renmianwen Square Ding from Tanheli site at Huangcai Town, dating back to the late

Shang dynasty The Shang dynasty (), also known as the Yin dynasty (), was a Chinese royal dynasty that ruled in the Yellow River valley during the second millennium BC, traditionally succeeding the Xia dynasty and followed by the Western Zhou d ...

(11th–10th century BC). In the

Warring States The Warring States period in Chinese history (221 BC) comprises the final two and a half centuries of the Zhou dynasty (256 BC), which were characterized by frequent warfare, bureaucratic and military reforms, and struggles for gre ...

(475–221 BC) period, Ningxiang was under the jurisdiction of Qianzhongjun () of

Chu State Chu (, Old Chinese: ''*s-r̥aʔ'') was an ancient Chinese state during the Zhou dynasty. Their first ruler was King Wu of Chu in the early 8th century BC. Chu was located in the south of the Zhou heartland and lasted during the Spring and A ...

(1115–223 BC). After conquering all the states, Emperor

Qin Shi Huang Qin Shi Huang (, ; February 25912 July 210 BC), born Ying Zheng () or Zhao Zheng (), was the founder of the Qin dynasty and the first emperor of China. He is widely regarded as the first ever supreme leader of a unitary state, unitary d ...

implemented the system of prefectures and counties in 221 BC. Ningxiang belonged to Changshajun (). In the

Han dynasty The Han dynasty was an Dynasties of China, imperial dynasty of China (202 BC9 AD, 25–220 AD) established by Liu Bang and ruled by the House of Liu. The dynasty was preceded by the short-lived Qin dynasty (221–206 BC ...

(202 BC–220 AD), Ningxiang was under the jurisdiction of Yiyang County and

Xiangyin County Xiangyin County () is a Counties of China, county in Hunan, Hunan Province, China, under the administration of Yueyang, Yueyang City. Located on the southeastern shores of Dongting Lake, Lake Dongting, the Xiang River runs south to north through t ...

. In the

Three Kingdoms The Three Kingdoms of Cao Wei, Shu Han, and Eastern Wu dominated China from AD 220 to 280 following the end of the Han dynasty. This period was preceded by the Eastern Han dynasty and followed by the Jin dynasty (266–420), Western Jin dyna ...

period (220–280), king of Wu State (222–280),

Sun Quan Sun Quan (; 182 – 21 May 252), courtesy name Zhongmou (), posthumous name, posthumously known as Emperor Da of Wu, was the founder of Eastern Wu, one of the Three Kingdoms of China. He inherited control of the warlord regime established by hi ...

, seized

Jingzhou Jingzhou ( zh, s=, c=荆州, t=, p=Jīngzhōu) is a prefecture-level city in southern Hubei province, China, located on the banks of the Yangtze River. Its total residential population was 5,231,180 based on the Seventh National Population Censu ...

, Ningxiang came under the jurisdiction of Wu State. In 257, the imperial court set up the Xinkang County, and Changqiao (now Hengshi) became the seat of the county administration. In the

Tang dynasty The Tang dynasty (, ; zh, c=唐朝), or the Tang Empire, was an Dynasties of China, imperial dynasty of China that ruled from 618 to 907, with an Wu Zhou, interregnum between 690 and 705. It was preceded by the Sui dynasty and followed ...

(618–907), the imperial court established a granary in today's Laoliangcang Town.

Buddhism Buddhism, also known as Buddhadharma and Dharmavinaya, is an Indian religion and List of philosophies, philosophical tradition based on Pre-sectarian Buddhism, teachings attributed to the Buddha, a wandering teacher who lived in the 6th or ...

was introduced into Ningxiang some time in the 9th century. According to ''Wu Deng Hui Yuan'' (), in 806, the prime minister

Pei Xiu Pei Xiu (224–3 April 271), courtesy name Jiyan, was a Chinese cartographer, geographer, politician, and writer of the state of Cao Wei during the late Three Kingdoms period and Jin dynasty (265–420), Jin dynasty of China. He was very m ...

submitted a written statement to the imperial court, which was approved to found the

at the foot of Mount Wei. His son, Pei Wende (), a former

zhuangyuan ''Zhuangyuan'', or ''jangwon'' in Korean and ''trạng nguyên'' in Vietnamese, variously translated into English as principal graduate, primus, or optimus, was the title given to the scholar who achieved the highest score on highest level of the ...

, received ordination as a monk with the

Dharma name A Dharma name is a new name acquired during both lay and monastic Buddhist initiation rituals in Mahayana Buddhism and Pabbajjā, monastic ordination in Theravada Buddhism (where it is more proper to call it Dhamma or Sangha name). The name is ...

of "Jinshan Fahai" (). The character of Fahai in the ''

Legend of the White Snake The Legend of the White Snake is a Chinese legend centered around a romance between a man named Xu Xian and a female snake spirit named Bai Suzhen. It is counted as one of China's Four Great Folktales, the others being '' Lady Meng Jiang'', ' ...

'' is based on him. Liu Dui, the first

jinshi ''Jinshi'' () was the highest and final degree in the imperial examination in Imperial China. The examination was usually taken in the imperial capital in the palace, and was also called the Metropolitan Exam. Recipients are sometimes referre ...

in the history of Ningxiang, also known as "jinshi of Ningxiang for the first time" (). In the 2nd year of Tiancheng Period (927) of the

Later Tang dynasty Tang, known in historiography as the Later Tang, was a short-lived imperial dynasty of China and the second of the Five Dynasties during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period in Chinese history. The first three of the Later Tang's four ...

(923–936), the King of Chu,

Ma Yin Ma Yin (; c. 853 – December 2, 930), courtesy name Batu (霸圖), also known by his posthumous name as the King Wumu of Chu (楚武穆王), was a Chinese military general and politician who became the founding ruler of the Chinese Ma Chu dynas ...

, founded the Chu Kingdom (927–963). He set up three counties of

, Changsha and

Xiangxiang Xiangxiang () is a county-level city under the administration of Xiangtan, Hunan province, China. Located on Central Hunan and the west of Xiangtan, Xiangxiang is bordered by Ningxiang County and Shaoshan City to the north, Xiangtan County to th ...

in Ningxiang area. Xinkangyi () was renamed Yutan Town, when it has a pond like a jade. In the

Song dynasty The Song dynasty ( ) was an Dynasties of China, imperial dynasty of China that ruled from 960 to 1279. The dynasty was founded by Emperor Taizu of Song, who usurped the throne of the Later Zhou dynasty and went on to conquer the rest of the Fiv ...

(960–1279),

Yi Fu Yi or YI may refer to: Philosophic principle * Yi (philosophy) (义; 義, righteousness, justice) among the Three Fundamental Bonds and Five Constant Virtues Ethnic groups * Dongyi, the Eastern Yi, or Tung-yi (Chinese: , ''Yí''), ancient peo ...

, the first Ningxiang people won the title of "wenzhuangyuan" (), and he was appointed as the title of "Founding Man of Ningxiang" (). In the early

Yuan dynasty The Yuan dynasty ( ; zh, c=元朝, p=Yuáncháo), officially the Great Yuan (; Mongolian language, Mongolian: , , literally 'Great Yuan State'), was a Mongol-led imperial dynasty of China and a successor state to the Mongol Empire after Div ...

(1271–1368), Ningxiang came under the jurisdiction of Tanzhou (), and then under the jurisdiction of Tanzhoulu (). In June of the 5th year of Hongwu Period (1372) of the

Ming dynasty The Ming dynasty, officially the Great Ming, was an Dynasties of China, imperial dynasty of China that ruled from 1368 to 1644, following the collapse of the Mongol Empire, Mongol-led Yuan dynasty. The Ming was the last imperial dynasty of ...

(1368–1644), Tanzhou was renamed as Changshafu (), and Ningxiang under its jurisdiction. In the 4th year of Shunzhi Period (1647) of the

Qing dynasty The Qing dynasty ( ), officially the Great Qing, was a Manchu-led Dynasties of China, imperial dynasty of China and an early modern empire in East Asia. The last imperial dynasty in Chinese history, the Qing dynasty was preceded by the ...

(1644–1911), Gao Shijun () led his army to conquer Changsha and Ningxiang was incorporated into the territory of Qing Empire. Changshafu was set up, affiliated to Hu-Guang province and possessed 12 counties, including Ningxiang. In the late Qing dynasty, Zhu Yidian () joined the

Taiping Army The Taiping Rebellion, also known as the Taiping Civil War or the Taiping Revolution, was a civil war in China between the Qing dynasty and the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom. The conflict lasted 14 years, from its outbreak in 1850 until the fall of ...

in Zhushi Bridge with his troops, he had fought many battles in

Jiangxi ; Gan: ) , translit_lang1_type2 = , translit_lang1_info2 = , translit_lang1_type3 = , translit_lang1_info3 = , image_map = Jiangxi in China (+all claims hatched).svg , mapsize = 275px , map_caption = Location ...

Zhejiang ) , translit_lang1_type2 = , translit_lang1_info2 = ( Hangzhounese) ( Ningbonese) (Wenzhounese) , image_skyline = 玉甑峰全貌 - panoramio.jpg , image_caption = View of the Yandang Mountains , image_map = Zhejiang i ...

and

Fujian Fujian is a provinces of China, province in East China, southeastern China. Fujian is bordered by Zhejiang to the north, Jiangxi to the west, Guangdong to the south, and the Taiwan Strait to the east. Its capital is Fuzhou and its largest prefe ...

, and was awarded the title of "Xiaotian Yiwang" () and "Fuchao Tianjun" (). In 1922, Ningxiang belonged to Hunan province. On June 18, 1944, Changsha was captured by the

Imperial Japanese Army The Imperial Japanese Army (IJA; , ''Dai-Nippon Teikoku Rikugun'', "Army of the Greater Japanese Empire") was the principal ground force of the Empire of Japan from 1871 to 1945. It played a central role in Japan’s rapid modernization during th ...

. The Imperial Japanese Army attacked Ningxiang from Yiyang and Qiaokou (), a battalion of 58th Division of 74th Army of the

Chinese Nationalist Army The National Revolutionary Army (NRA; zh, labels=no, t=國民革命軍) served as the military arm of the Chinese Nationalist Party (Kuomintang, or KMT) from 1924 until 1947. From 1928, it functioned as the de facto national armed forces of ...

held the

Wei River The Wei River () is a major river in west-central China's Gansu and Shaanxi provinces. It is the largest tributary of the Yellow River and very important in the early development of Chinese civilization. In ancient times, such as in the Records ...

bank, they blazed away at the enemy until the supplies were exhausted. They fought hand to hand with the enemy, but they were practically wiped out in the battle, known as the "Battle of Hill of Du Family" (). On February 9, 1949, Jiang Yaxun () and Li Shiqiu () led the Huang-Tang Uprising () in both towns of Huangcai and Tangshi. They published the ''Letter to the People of Central Hunan'' () and the ''Open Letter to Cheng Qian'' (). On August 4, Ningxiang was liberated by the 436th Regiment of 146th Division of 49th Army of the PLA 4th Field Army, which was led by Cui Rongtai () and Wang Qiao (). On August 27, the People's Government of Ningxiang County was set up. After the establishment of the Communist State in October 1949, Ningxiang was under the jurisdiction of Yiyang ''Zhuanqu'' (). From 1952 to November 1962, Ningxiang belonged to ''Xiangtan Zhuanqu'' (), and then belonged to Yiyang ''Zhuanqu'' till June 1983, while the county was under jurisdiction of Changsha. In 2017, Ningxiang was upgraded to a

Administrative division

According to the result on adjustment of township-level administrative divisions of Ningxiang county on November 19, 2015, Fengmuqiao township and Xieleqiao town merged to Huitang town,

Nantianping township Nantianping Township () is a rural Townships of the People's Republic of China, township in Ningxiang, Ningxiang County, Changsha City, Hunan Province, China. It is surrounded by Zifu on the west, Batang, Ningxiang, Batang Town on the north, Donghu ...

merged to Batang town, Zhuliangqiao township merged to Shuangjiangkou town, Ningxiang county has 4 townships, 21 towns and 4 subdistricts under its jurisdiction.

Geography

Ningxiang County is located in the middle of Hunan province. The county has a total area of . The county is bordered by

, to the east,

Xiangtan County Xiangtan County () is a county in Hunan Province, China; it is under the administration of Xiangtan City. Located on the east central Hunan, the county is bordered to the north by Yuhu, Yuetang Districts and Xiangtan City, to the west by Xia ...

, to the Southeast,

Shaoshan Shaoshan () is a county-level city in Hunan Province, China. It is under the administration of the prefecture-level city of Xiangtan. Qingxi Town is its seat. Located on the mid-eastern Hunan and the mid-north of Xiangtan, Shaoshan is bordered b ...

Lianyuan Lianyuan () is a county-level city and the 7th most populous county-level division in Hunan Province, China; it is under the administration of Loudi prefecture-level City. Located on the geographical centre of Hunan, the city is bordered to the ...

, and

, to the south,

, to the west,

and

, to the North.

Climate

Ningxiang County is in the monsoon-influenced

humid subtropical climate A humid subtropical climate is a subtropical -temperate climate type, characterized by long and hot summers, and cool to mild winters. These climates normally lie on the southeast side of all continents (except Antarctica), generally between ...

zone and exhibits four distinct seasons. Spring and fall are warm, while winter is chilly with cold winds. Winter temperatures average around . Summers are very hot and dry with a July daily average of .

Rivers

The

flows through Ningxiang County and has seven major tributaries: Huangjuan River, Duan River, Mei River, Tiechong River, Yutang River,

Chu River The Chu is a river in northern Kyrgyzstan and southern Kazakhstan. Of its total length of ,Чу (река)

and Wu River. The Jin River flows through Ningxiang County to

, is one of the largest tributaries of the

Xiang River The Xiang River is the chief river of the Lake Dongting drainage system of the middle Yangtze, the largest river in Hunan Province, China. It is the second-largest tributary (after the Min River) in terms of surface runoff, the fifth-largest ...

Lakes and reservoirs

The

Huangcai Reservoir The Huangcai Reservoir (), also known as Qingyang Lake () is a large reservoir located in the northwestern part of Ningxiang in the province of Hunan, China. It is the largest body of water in Ningxiang and the largest reservoir in Ningxiang. The ...

, also known as "Qingyang Lake", is a large reservoir located in the northwestern part of Ningxiang County. It is the largest body of water in Ningxiang County and the largest reservoir in Ningxiang County. The

Tianping Reservoir The Tianping Reservoir (), also known as Qingshan Lake (), is a large reservoir located in the western part of Ningxiang, Hunan, China. It is the largest body of water in Ningxiang and the second largest reservoir in Ningxiang. The reservoir is th ...

, also known as "Qingshan Lake", is a large reservoir located in the western part of Ningxiang County. It is the second largest body of water in Ningxiang County and the second largest reservoir in Ningxiang County.

Mountains

The highest natural elevation in Ningxiang County is 1071m at Wazizhai ().

Government

The current CPC Party Secretary of Ningxiang is Yu Xinfan and the current mayor is Fu Xuming. He Yinghui is the Chairmen of Ningxiang People's Congress, which is the equal of Head of Parliament. The Chairmen of CPPCC Ningxiang Committee is Deng Jieping.

Economy

Ningxiang is one of the most developed counties in Hunan, it ranked the 18th in the Top100 of counties and county-level cities of China by comprehensive strength in 2020. It is one of the best developed manufacturing counties and county-level cities in the province, the

manufacturing industry Manufacturing is the creation or production of goods with the help of equipment, labor, machines, tools, and chemical or biological processing or formulation. It is the essence of the secondary sector of the economy. The term may refer to a ...

is its economic pillar. Ningxiang's economic engines are food and beverage, Advanced equipment manufacturing, new materials, modern services industry, machinery manufacture and

clothing Clothing (also known as clothes, garments, dress, apparel, or attire) is any item worn on a human human body, body. Typically, clothing is made of fabrics or textiles, but over time it has included garments made from animal skin and other thin s ...

. For example, of 2015, the

gross domestic product Gross domestic product (GDP) is a monetary measure of the total market value of all the final goods and services produced and rendered in a specific time period by a country or countries. GDP is often used to measure the economic performanc ...

of Ningxiang County was

CN¥ The renminbi ( ; symbol: ¥; ISO code: CNY; abbreviation: RMB), also known as the Chinese yuan, is the official currency of the People's Republic of China. The renminbi is issued by the People's Bank of China, the monetary authority of Chin ...

100.22 billion (US$16.09 billion), Of this total, the

value added Value added is a term in economics for calculating the difference between market value of a product or service, and the sum value of its constituents. It is relatively expressed by the supply-demand curve for specific units of sale. Value added ...

of the manufacturing industry was CN¥61.31 billion (US$9.84 billion), shares 61.18 percent of its GDP. Ningxiang County has a variety of industries, such as the Wangbuliao Clothing, Sundance Clothing,

Tsingtao Brewery Tsingtao Brewery Co. Ltd. () is China's second largest brewery, with about 15% of domestic market share and accounts for half of China's national beer exports. The brewery was founded in 1903 as an Anglo–German business with the brewery under ...

, , and

Sany Sany Heavy Industry Co., Ltd. () is a Chinese multinational heavy equipment manufacturing company headquartered in Changsha, Hunan. It is the 3rd-largest heavy equipment manufacturer in the world, and the first in its industry in China to en ...

. The county's manufacturing products include paper, technological equipment, automobiles, food, clothing and other goods. The service sector of the county's economy includes things like banking, health care, construction, communications, education, tourism and government. Tourism comprises a large part of Ningxiang County's economy, with 20 million visitors spending ¥2 billion in 2014. According to preliminary accounting of the statistical authority, the

of Ningxiang City in 2017 was 122,445 million yuan (18,135 million

US dollars The United States dollar (symbol: $; currency code: USD) is the official currency of the United States and several other countries. The Coinage Act of 1792 introduced the U.S. dollar at par with the Spanish silver dollar, divided it int ...

), up by 10.3 percent over the previous year. Of this total, the

of the primary industry was 12,382 million yuan (1,834 million US dollars), up by 3.9 percent, that of the secondary industry was 80,666 million yuan (11,947 million US dollars), up by 10.6 percent and that of the tertiary industry was 29,397 million yuan (4,354 million US dollars), up by 12.5 percent. The value added of the primary industry accounted for 10.11 percent of the GDP; that of the secondary industry accounted for 65.88 percent; and that of the tertiary industry accounted for 24.01 percent. The per capita GDP in 2017 was 96,118 yuan (14,236 US dollars).According to se
hntj.gov (2018-04-02)
o

/ref>

Development zone

The

Ningxiang Economic and Technological Development Zone Ningxiang Economic and Technological Development Zone (; abbr: NETZ) is an economic and technical development zone (ETZ) in Ningxiang City, Hunan Province, China, one of four ETZs at state level in Changsha. It is the original ''Ningxiang Private ...

(NETZ) consists of parts of Chengjiao,

Shuangjiangkou Shuangjiangkou () is a rural town in Ningxiang City, Hunan Province, China. It is surrounded by Chengjiao Subdistrict and Jinghuapu Township on the west, Jinzhou Town and Lijingpu Subdistrict on the southeast, Zhuliangqiao Township, Gaotangli ...

and Jinghuapu of Ningxiang County. It was created on 10 January 1998 and upgraded to an ETZ at state level on 11 November 2010. The main industries in the zone consists of

Food Food is any substance consumed by an organism for Nutrient, nutritional support. Food is usually of plant, animal, or Fungus, fungal origin and contains essential nutrients such as carbohydrates, fats, protein (nutrient), proteins, vitamins, ...

and

Drink A drink or beverage is a liquid intended for human consumption. In addition to their basic function of satisfying thirst, drinks play important roles in human culture. Common types of drinks include plain drinking water, milk, juice, smoothie ...

Advanced Material Materials science is an Interdisciplinarity, interdisciplinary field of researching and discovering materials. Materials engineering is an engineering field of finding uses for materials in other fields and industries. The intellectual origi ...

, advanced equipment manufacturing, health product and

cosmetics Cosmetics are substances that are intended for application to the body for cleansing, beautifying, promoting attractiveness, or altering appearance. They are mixtures of chemical compounds derived from either Natural product, natural source ...

. As of 2016, its builtup area covers , the total

gross output In economics, gross output (GO) is a measure of the value of production of new goods and services during an accounting period. Gross output represents the total value of ''sales'' by producing enterprises (their gross revenue or turnover) in an ac ...

of scale-sized industries hits 97.07 billion yuan (US$14.61 billion).

Demographics

Population

As of 2012, the

National Bureau of Statistics of the People's Republic of China The National Bureau of Statistics () is a deputy-ministerial level agency directly under the State Council of China. Established in August 1952, the bureau is responsible for collection, investigation, research and publication of statistics c ...

estimates the county's population now to be 1,368,117.

Language

Mandarin Mandarin or The Mandarin may refer to: Language * Mandarin Chinese, branch of Chinese originally spoken in northern parts of the country ** Standard Chinese or Modern Standard Mandarin, the official language of China ** Taiwanese Mandarin, Stand ...

is the official language. The local people speak both

Changsha dialect The Changsha dialect (; ) is a dialect of New Xiang Chinese. It is spoken predominantly in Changsha, the capital of Hunan province, China. It is not mutually intelligible with Standard Mandarin, the official language of China. Classification ...

and .

Religion

The county government supports all religions. As of 2015, the majority of people in Ningxiang are atheists. Of those who are religious, most follow

Chinese folk religion Chinese folk religion comprises a range of traditional religious practices of Han Chinese, including the Chinese diaspora. This includes the veneration of ''Shen (Chinese folk religion), shen'' ('spirits') and Chinese ancestor worship, ances ...

. Only 3% of Ningxiang people are

Buddhist Buddhism, also known as Buddhadharma and Dharmavinaya, is an Indian religion and List of philosophies, philosophical tradition based on Pre-sectarian Buddhism, teachings attributed to the Buddha, a wandering teacher who lived in the 6th or ...

s, 1% are

Taoist Taoism or Daoism (, ) is a diverse philosophical and religious tradition indigenous to China, emphasizing harmony with the Tao ( zh, p=dào, w=tao4). With a range of meaning in Chinese philosophy, translations of Tao include 'way', 'road', ...

s, and 1% are

Roman Catholic The Catholic Church (), also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with 1.27 to 1.41 billion baptized Catholics worldwide as of 2025. It is among the world's oldest and largest international institut ...

s or

Protestant Protestantism is a branch of Christianity that emphasizes Justification (theology), justification of sinners Sola fide, through faith alone, the teaching that Salvation in Christianity, salvation comes by unmerited Grace in Christianity, divin ...

Education

Ningxiang county First Senior High School 1

Ningxiang County has its own laws regulating education. The county government require young people to attend school. The age limits vary: six to fifteen. Every child in the county is guaranteed up to 9 years of education (). Filling classroom from kindergarten to the twelfth grade, they attend classes for an average of five hours a day, five days a week, until the beginning of the following summer. Ningxiang County's students pass through several levels of schooling, and thus, several curricula, on their way to a high school diploma. They attend: * Elementary School. The Elementary School usually means grade 1 through 6. And grades 7, 8, and 9 make up what is called an "Elementary Middle School". Ningxiang County has more than 200 public schools and more than 100 public middle schools. Almost every elementary school provides instruction in these subjects: Chinese language (it includes reading, grammar, composition, and literature), English language, mathematics, science, history, geography, biology, ideological and political, computer, art, music, and physical education. * Secondary School. The Secondary School generally means grade 10-12. These grades are popularly called "High School". Secondary schools offer these subjects: Chinese language, English language, mathematics, physics, chemistry, biology, history, geography, political, computer, and physical education. Ningxiang County has 16 public high schools.

Transportation

Rail

The Luoyang–Zhanjiang Railway, more commonly known as "Luzan Railway", from Luoyang City,

Henan Province Henan; alternatively Honan is a province in Central China. Henan is home to many heritage sites, including Yinxu, the ruins of the final capital of the Shang dynasty () and the Shaolin Temple. Four of the historical capitals of China, Luo ...

to Zhanjiang City,

Guangdong Province ) means "wide" or "vast", and has been associated with the region since the creation of Guang Prefecture in AD 226. The name "''Guang''" ultimately came from Guangxin ( zh, labels=no, first=t, t= , s=广信), an outpost established in Han dynasty ...

, through Ningxiang. The Shanghai–Kunming high-speed railway passes through the southeastern Ningxiang's Datunying Town and Daolin Town. The Shimen–Changsha railway passes across the northeastern Ningxiang's Jinzhou Town and Chengjiao Subdistrict.

Expressway

The G5513 Changsha–Zhangjiajie Expressway runs west to east through Chengjiao Subdistrict and Jinzhou Town. The S71 Yiyang–Loudi–Hengyang Expressway, also popularly known as "Yilouheng Expressway", runs north-south through western Ningxiang, passing through the towns of Qingshanqiao, Liushahe, Laoliangcang, Hengshi, Yujia'ao to

connects to S50 Changsha–Shaoshan–Loudi Expressway at Fanjiang Town of

. The S50 Changsha–Shaoshan–Loudi Expressway, locally known as "Changshaolou Expressway", travels through the southern Ningxiang, leading eastwards to

Yuelu District Yuelu District () is one of six urban districts of the prefecture-level city of Changsha, the capital of Hunan Province, China. It is the 4th most populous district (after Heshan, Dingcheng and Yueyanglou Districts) in Hunan. The district is b ...

and westwards to

. The Shaoshan Expressway passes north through Datunying Town and connects to S50 Changsha–Shaoshan–Loudi Expressway at Huaminglou Town.

National Highway

The National Highway G319, commonly abbreviated as "G319", is a northwest-southeast highway passing through the city’s downtown, commercial, and industrial districts in the eastern part of the city.

Provincial Highway

The Provincial Highway S206 passes through the northern Ningxiang's Jinghuapu Township and Meitanba Town. The Provincial Highway S208 runs north to south through the eastern Ningxiang's Lijingpu Subdistrict, Xiaduopu Town, Batang Town, Donghutang Town, and Datunying Town. The Provincial Highway S209 is a major northeast-southwest highway that runs through many of towns and subdistricts in Ningxiang, such as Yutan Subdistrict, Baimaqiao Subdistrict, Huilongpu Town, Dachengqiao Town, Shuangfupu Town, Hengshi Town, Laoliangcang Town, Liushahe Town, and Qingshanqiao Town. The Provincial Highway S311, runs southeast to northwest through southwestern Ningxiang, and is connected to Provincial Highway S209 at Qingshanqiao Town.

Culture

Ningxiang has four famous characteristic cultures. They are: *

Huaguxi The flower-drum opera or Huaguxi () is a form of Chinese opera originating in Hunan province. Some other provinces, such as Hubei, Anhui, Henan, Shanxi, also have Huaguxi. It is known in China for its earthy quality, and is often referred to as t ...

(花鼓戏) * Weiguzixi(围鼓子戏) *GuanyindianExi(观音殿额戏) *Gushihui(故事会)

Tourism

Ningxiang County's most visited

Buddhist temple A Buddhist temple or Buddhist monastery is the place of worship for Buddhism, Buddhists, the followers of Buddhism. They include the structures called vihara, chaitya, stupa, wat, khurul and pagoda in different regions and languages. Temples in B ...

, which was built in

(618–907) in Weishan Township, the county is also known for

and Shangliu Temple in Qingshanqiao Town, and Baiyun Temple in Huilong Mountain. Huitang Hot Spring is a popular attraction. The Former Residence of Liu Shaoqi,

Former Residence of Xie Juezai The Former Residence of Xie juezai or Xie Juezai's Former Residence () was the birthplace and childhood home of Xie Juezai, a Chinese politician who served as the President of the Supreme People's Court from 1959 to 1965. The residence is located ...

, and

Former Residence of He Shuheng The Former Residence of He Shuheng or He Shuheng's Former Residence () is a museum and tourist attraction created from the house formerly owned by the Chinese communist revolutionary, He Shuheng. The house was built in the late Qing dynasty (1644 ...

are well-known tourist spots.

Notable people

Ningxiang County is the birthplace of: *

Gan Siqi Gan Siqi (; May 1903 – February 1964), born as Jiang Fengwei (), other name Jiang Bingkun (), was a general of the People's Liberation Army of China. Gan was born in Ningxiang, Hunan Province. He joined the Communist Youth League in 1925, an ...

- one of only 57 generals bestowed the honour of being a "founding general" of the People's Republic of China. *

He Shuheng He Shuheng (; 7 May 1876 – 24 February 1935) was a Chinese Communist revolutionary, born in Ningxiang, Hunan province. Biography In 1914, He made acquaintance with Mao Zedong while at Hunan Normal University, and the two would eventually ...

- a proletarian revolutionary in modern China. *

Huang Yali Huang Yali (; born March 22, 1989) is a Chinese pop singer who earned sixth place in the 2006 ''Super Girl'' contest. Biography Huang was born and raised in the town of Yutan (now Yutan Subdistrict), Ningxiang, Hunan, China. During her childhood ...

- a pop singer who earned sixth place in the 2006 Super Girl contest. *

Ray Huang Ray Huang (; 25 June 19188 January 2000) was a Chinese-American historian and philosopher who was an officer in the National Revolutionary Army and fought in the Burma Campaign. In 1964, Huang earned a Ph.D. in history from the University of Mich ...

- a historian and philosopher best known in his later years for the idea of

macro-history Macrohistory seeks out large, long-term trends in world history in search of ultimate patterns by a comparison of proximate details. It favors a comparative or world-historical perspective to determine the roots of changes as well as the developmen ...

. *

Li Zehou Li Zehou ( zh, s=李泽厚, hp=; 13 June 1930 – 2 November 2021) was a Chinese scholar of philosophy and intellectual history. He is considered an influential modern scholar of Chinese history and culture whose work was central to the period ...

- a scholar of philosophy and intellectual history who currently resides in the

United States The United States of America (USA), also known as the United States (U.S.) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It is a federal republic of 50 U.S. state, states and a federal capital district, Washington, D.C. The 48 ...

. *

- a former president of the People's Republic of China. His former residence is now a museum. * Liu Yuan - one of sons of Liu Shaoqi, a general and the political commissar of the

People's Liberation Army General Logistics Department General Logistics Department of the People's Liberation Army (GLD; ) was a former chief organ under China's Central Military Commission. Before 2016, it organized and led the logistics construction and oversees housing, supplies, hospitals, and bar ...

. * Lu Diping - a military general and politician. * Lu Li - a gymnast best known for her gold medal on the

uneven bars The uneven bars or asymmetric bars is an artistic gymnastics apparatus. It is made of a steel frame. The bars are made of fiberglass with wood coating, or less commonly wood. The English abbreviation for the event in gymnastics scoring is UB or ...

in the

1992 Summer Olympics The 1992 Summer Olympics (, ), officially the Games of the XXV Olympiad (, ) and officially branded as Barcelona '92, were an international multi-sport event held from 25 July to 9 August 1992 in Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. Beginning in 1994 ...

Barcelona Barcelona ( ; ; ) is a city on the northeastern coast of Spain. It is the capital and largest city of the autonomous community of Catalonia, as well as the second-most populous municipality of Spain. With a population of 1.6 million within c ...

. *

Qi Xueqi Qi Xueqi (; August 28, 1900 – March 8, 1945) was an anti-Japanese commander of the Kuomintang (KMT). Early life Qi Xueqi was born in Tieluo () village, Yanglin () township, Ningxiang County, Hunan province on August 28, 1900. He attended the ...

- a famous Anti-Japanese commander of the

Kuomintang The Kuomintang (KMT) is a major political party in the Republic of China (Taiwan). It was the one party state, sole ruling party of the country Republic of China (1912-1949), during its rule from 1927 to 1949 in Mainland China until Retreat ...

(KMT). *

Tang Sulan Tang Sulan (; born January 1965) is a Chinese writer. Although a prolific writer of novels, proses, and poems, she is best known as a children's writer, and for her fairy tales. She is also a professor with the Faculty of Arts at Hunan Normal U ...

- a writer and politician. *

Tao Zhiyue Tao Zhiyue (; 1892 – 26 December 1988) was a Chinese military officer and politician, lieutenant general of the National Revolutionary Army of the Republic of China, and a full general of the People's Liberation Army of the People's Republic o ...

- a Kuomintang general during the Second Anti-Japanese War. *

Tong Enzheng Tong Enzheng (; 1935 – April 20, 1997) was a prominent Chinese archaeologist, historian, designer, and science fiction author. Career Tong authored the textbook ''Cultural Anthropology'' and specialized in early southwest China. He also was ...

- an archaeologist, historian, designer, and science fiction author. *

Xiang Zhejun Xiang Zhejun (; 1892—1987), native of Ningxiang county in Hunan province, was a Chinese jurist and prosecutor at the International Military Tribunal for the Far East. Education and early career After graduating from Tsinghua University in 1917 ...

- a jurist and prosecutor at

International Military Tribunal for the Far East The International Military Tribunal for the Far East (IMTFE), also known as the Tokyo Trial and the Tokyo War Crimes Tribunal, was a military trial convened on 29 April 1946 to Criminal procedure, try leaders of the Empire of Japan for their cri ...

. *

Xie Juezai Xie Juezai (; 1884–1971), also known by his courtesy name Huannan and his alias Juezhai, was a Chinese politician, activist, and educator who played an important role in the development of China's legal field. His main works are collected in ...

- former Deputy Secretary of the

Central Commission for Discipline Inspection The Central Commission for Discipline Inspection (CCDI) is the highest supervisory organ of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP). The CCDI is elected and supervised by the National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party, CCP National Congress. ...

. * Xie Fei - son of Xue Juezai, a world-recognized Chinese film director. *

Ye Xiaowen Ye Xiaowen (; born August 1950) is a Chinese politician who held various top posts relating to state regulation of religion in China from 1995 to 2009. In 1995, Ye became the director of the Bureau of Religious Affairs under the State Council. ...

- former director of the State Administration for Religious Affairs * Zhou Guangzhao - former President of Chinese Academy of Sciences. * Zhou Shuguang - a blogger and citizen journalist best known for traveling around China to document injustice done to citizens.

Footnotes

External links

Ningxiang website (Chinese)http://www.changsha.gov.cn/Ningxiang Municipal People's Government(Chinese)
{{County-level divisions of Hunan County-level divisions of Changsha National Civilized City