Nicholas Winding Refn

Nicolas Winding Refn (; born 29 September 1970) is a Danish film director, screenwriter, and producer.

He directed the ''Pusher'' trilogy (1996–2005), the crime drama '' Bronson'' (2008), and the adventure film '' Valhalla Rising'' (2009). In 2011 he directed the action drama film ''Drive'' (2011) for which he won the Cannes Film Festival Award for Best Director. He was also nominated for the BAFTA Award for Best Direction. Refn's next films were the stylistically driven action film ''Only God Forgives'' (2013), and the psychological horror film ''The Neon Demon'' (2016).

In 2019, he directed his first television series '' Too Old to Die Young'' (2019) which premiered on Amazon Prime. After Amazon's ''Too Old to Die Young'', Refn's next project took him to Netflix, and saw him returning to his native Copenhagen for the first time since ''Pusher 3'', and was the setting for his magical-realism series, ''Copenhagen Cowboy''. In 2008, Refn co-founded the Copenhagen-based production company Space Rocket Nation.

Early life

Refn was born in Copenhagen, Denmark, and raised partly in New York City, United States. Refn's parents are Danish film director and editor Anders Refn and cinematographer Vibeke Winding. His half-brother is the musician Kasper Winding.

He attended the American Academy of Dramatic Arts but was expelled for allegedly throwing a chair into a wall.

Career

1996–2005: early career and the ''Pusher'' trilogy

Refn made his directorial debut with the Danish crime film '' Pusher'' (1996). It garnered a Best Supporting Actor Award for Zlatko Burić at the 1997 Bodil Awards.

Refn then directed '' Bleeder'' (1999), which featured much of the same cast from the ''Pusher'' Trilogy, including actors such as Kim Bodnia and Mads Mikkelsen. Refn won the FIPRESCI prize for the film at the 2000 Sarajevo Film Festival the work won Best Lighting at the Robert Festival. The film was nominated for Best Film and Best Supporting Actress at the 2000 Bodil Awards, as well as for the Grand Prix Asturias for Best Feature at the 1999 Gijon International Film Festival.

In 2003, Refn directed and wrote his first English-language film, ''Fear X'', which starred John Turturro and was shot in Canada. Although a financial disappointment, the Danish-Canadian production won an International Fantasy Film Award for Best Screenplay at the 2004 Fantasporto Film Festival, and was nominated for best actor awards (for Turturro) at the Bodil Awards and the Fangoria Awards, and best film awards at festivals including Sitges Film Festival and the Sochi International Film Festival.

Refn later made two sequels to ''Pusher'', '' Pusher II'' (2004) (a.k.a. ''Pusher II: With Blood on My Hands'') and '' Pusher 3'' (2005) (a.k.a. ''Pusher III: I'm The Angel of Death''). For ''Pusher II'', lead actor Mads Mikkelsen won a Best Actor award at the 2005 Bodil Awards, Best Actor at the 2005 Robert Festival (where the film was also nominated for Best Director, Best Screenplay and Best Film, among other nominations), and Best Actor at the 2005 Zulu Awards. The film was remade as a British version in 2012, '' Pusher'', directed by Luis Prieto and executive produced by Refn.

2005–2011: critical acclaim

In 2008, Refn returned to the European art house film circuit after his unsuccessful Hollywood venture ''Fear X''. He wrote and directed '' Bronson'' (2008), which starred Tom Hardy as the title character, the U.K. prisoner Charles Bronson, noted for mental illness, violence and art. The film won Best Film at the 2009 Sydney Film Festival, and was also nominated for the Grand Jury Prize (World Cinema — Dramatic) at the 2009 Sundance Film Festival. Hardy won a Best Actor award at the 2009 British Independent Film Awards for his portrayal of Charles Bronson (and the film was nominated for a Best Achievement in Production award as well). Hardy was nominated for Best Actor by the Evening Standard British Film Awards and the London Critics Circle Film Awards.

In 2009, Refn teamed up again with frequent collaborator Mads Mikkelsen to write and direct '' Valhalla Rising'', a surrealistic period piece about the Viking era. The film won an International Fantasy Film Special Jury Award and Special Mention at the 2010 Fantasporto Festival, and won the Titra Film Award for Refn at the 2010 Neuchatel International Fantastic Film Festival. The film also won a Best Make-Up award at the 2011 Robert Festival.

2011–2016: Hollywood breakthrough

In 2011, Refn directed the American action drama film ''Drive'' (2011). It premiered in competition at the 2011 Cannes Film Festival, where he received the Best Director Award.

The film earned Refn a BAFTA nomination for directing. The film was also nominated in 2012 for an Academy Award for Best Sound Editing, a Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor - Motion Picture nomination for Albert Brooks, Excellence in Production Design Award from the Art Directors Guild, won Best Director, Best Screenplay (for Hossein Amini) and Best Supporting Actor (for Brooks) at the Austin Film Critics Awards, won Boston Society of Film Critics Awards for Best Supporting Actor (Albert Brooks) and Best Use of Music in a Film (by Cliff Martinez), the Critics Choice Award at the Broadcast Film Critics Association Awards for Best Action Movie, Best Director, Best Picture and Breakthrough Film Artist at the Central Ohio Film Critics Association, Best Original Score (Martinez) and Best Supporting Actor (Brooks) at the Chicago Film Critics Association Awards, Best Supporting Actor (Brooks) at the Florida Film Critics Circle Awards, Best Foreign Film at the Fotogramas de Plata, Best Director from the Las Vegas Film Critics Society, a Top Films Award from the National Board of Review, Best Supporting Actor (Brooks) at the National Society of Film Critics Awards, the San Francisco Film Critics Circle Awards and the New York Film Critics Circle Awards, Best Director at the San Diego Film Critics Society Awards.

Refn wanted to cast ''Drive'' actress Christina Hendricks as Wonder Woman, but later focused on Batgirl instead.

The Bangkok-set crime film ''Only God Forgives'', starring Ryan Gosling and Kristin Scott Thomas, premiered in competition at the 2013 Cannes Film Festival. The film was awarded the Sydney Film Prize at the 2013 Sydney Film Festival.

Liv Corfixen, Refn's wife, directed the documentary '' My Life Directed by Nicolas Winding Refn'', centered on the life and work of Refn and their relationship. The documentary film premiered on July 17, 2014, in Denmark.

In September 2011, Refn said his next film would be ''I Walk with the Dead'', with Carey Mulligan, co-star of ''Drive'', slated to play the lead. According to Refn, it was to be a horror-movie sex thriller that may be set in Tokyo or Los Angeles. In October 2013 playwright Polly Stenham was confirmed to write the screenplay with Refn. They stated that the film will have an all-female cast. Refn admitted that he asked Stenham to write the screenplay to compensate for his perceived inability to write female characters. By November 2014, the film had been retitled ''The Neon Demon'', with filming planned to take place in Los Angeles in early 2015. The film starred Elle Fanning, Karl Glusman, Keanu Reeves, Christina Hendricks, Abbey Lee, Jena Malone and Bella Heathcote. The film was Refn's third consecutive in competition for the Palme d'Or.

2016-2025: television series and return to filmmaking

Following ''The Neon Demon'', Refn developed and directed the streaming television series '' Too Old to Die Young'' for Amazon in 2019 and ''Copenhagen Cowboy'' for Netflix in 2023. The latter was his first Danish-language release since the ''Pusher'' series.

On 23 April 2025, it was announced that Refn would write and direct a film for Neon entitled ''Her Private Hell,'' and it would star Sophie Thatcher, Charles Melton, Kristine Froseth, and Havana Rose Liu. Principal photography officially started on 8 May 2025.

Other work: adverts, short films and teaching

He directed an extended Gucci commercial featuring Blake Lively and himself in a brief cameo, which premiered at the 2012 Venice Film Festival. The short film is entitled Gucci Premiere. He also directed the music video for his frequent collaborator Peter Peter's band Bleeder, which featured his wife Liv Corfixen as a crazy nurse. He also directed a series of Lincoln commercials starring Matthew McConaughey.

In 2019, Cannes Film Festival announced that it would host a masterclass with Refn on working in Film and TV.

Unrealized projects

In 2005, it was reported that Refn would co-wrote a screenplay with Nicholas St. John titled ''Billy's People''. Following the box office disasters of his films ''Bleeder'' (1999) and ''Fear X'' (2003), Refn scrapped the project.

In 2009, Refn expressed high interest in developing a film biopic of notorious English occultist Aleister Crowley, with '' Bronson'' star Tom Hardy in the lead role. Refn admitted to not knowing anything about the life of the magician and referred to Crowley as a "Satan-worshipping cult personality". That year, he became attached to direct ''Jekyll'', a modern retelling of ''Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde'' with Keanu Reeves set to play the titular roles. Refn wanted the film to take place "in modern America and use as much credible science as possible." However, in February 2010, he dropped out of the project in order to work on ''Drive''.

In 2010, Refn planned to direct Paul Schrader's script '' The Dying of the Light'' with Harrison Ford and Channing Tatum as the leads. However, in February 2010, Refn exited the project. In September 2011 during promotion for ''Drive'', he claimed that Ford did not want his character to die, causing the film production to fall apart. Schrader directed the film, which starred Nicolas Cage and Anton Yelchin in the Ford and Tatum roles. Following its release, Refn joined with Schrader, Cage, and Yelchin in protesting the studio's final edit of the project, which was not to Schrader's original vision. Tatum originally wanted Refn to direct ''Magic Mike'', which came to be directed by Steven Soderbergh and released in 2012. That year, Refn was attached a remake of the 1980s crime show ''The Equalizer'' starring Denzel Washington until the deal with Sony fell through. The adaptation ''The Equalizer'' ended up being directed by Antoine Fuqua and released in 2014.

In July 2016, Refn revealed that he had turned down the offer to direct the James Bond movie ''Spectre''. The following month, he announced on Twitter that his next project would be titled ''The Avenging Silence'', calling it "Ian Fleming + William Burroughs + NWR = The Avenging Silence" and posted images for Fleming's novel '' Dr. No'' and for Burroughs's novel ''The Soft Machine''. Producer Lene Borglum described the purported plot as: " former European spy cceptsa mission from a Japanese businessman to take down the head of a Yakuza boss in Japan".

Directing style

Refn has spoken about characterization in his films:

Refn prefers to shoot his films in chronological order: "I read that irector John Cassavetes">John_Cassavetes.html" ;"title="irector John Cassavetes">irector John Cassaveteshad done it on some of his films, so I thought, 'That's a pretty cool approach.' And after I did it on my first movie, I felt, 'How can you do a movie any other way?' It's like a painting—you paint the movie as you go along, and I like the uncertainty of not knowing exactly how it's going to turn out." Refn spoke more about shooting in chronological order in September 2011, in reference to ''Drive'':

On his approach to working with actors, Refn has said:

Refn's color blindness has influenced his style: "I can't see mid-colors. That's why all my films are very contrasted, if it were anything else I couldn't see it."

Influences

Refn has cited viewing ''The Texas Chain Saw Massacre'' (1974) as inspiration for his filmmaking career:

Refn has said numerous times that his largest cinematic influence has been the director Alejandro Jodorowsky (to whom Refn dedicated ''Only God Forgives''), of whom he has said:

He stated that for his first film ''Pusher'', he stole everything from Gillo Pontecorvo's 1965 Oscar-nominated ''The Battle of Algiers'' and Ruggero Deodato's 1980 highly controversial film ''Cannibal Holocaust''. Also influential to his film viewing experience were John Cassavetes' 1976 film ''The Killing of a Chinese Bookie'' and Kevin Smith's 1994 indie film ''Clerks''.

Other favorites include ''Tokyo Drifter'' (1966), ''Kwaidan'' (1964), ''My Life as a Dog'' (1985), '' Man on Fire'' (2004), ''Pretty Woman'' (1990), '' Scorpio Rising'' (1963), ''Vampyr'' (1932), ''Videodrome'' (1983), ''Suspiria'' (1977), ''Cloverfield'' (2008), ''Flesh for Frankenstein'' (1973), '' Planet of the Vampires'' (1965), ''Liquid Sky'' (1982), '' The Shining'' (1980), ''Night of the Living Dead'' (1968), ''To Die For'' (1995), ''Sixteen Candles'' (1984), '' The Night of the Hunter'' (1955), '' Alien'' (1979) and ''Beauty and the Beast'' (1946). Some of the films Refn helped restore include Ron Ormond's '' The Burning Hell'' (1974), Curtis Harrington's ''Night Tide'' (1961) and Ray Dennis Steckler's ''Wild Guitar'' (1962).

He has also stated he is influenced by extraterrestrials. After the making of ''Copenhagen Cowboy'', a "making-of" documentary was produced titled ''Copenhagen Cowboy: Nightcall with Nicolas Winding Refn'', and it arrived on Netflix on January 31, 2023. In the documentary, Refn said:

Personal life

Refn is married to actress Liv Corfixen, with whom he has two daughters. Corfixen wrote and directed a documentary entitled ''My Life Directed by Nicolas Winding Refn'', which chronicles the "behind the scenes" experience of shooting ''Only God Forgives'' when the entire family had to be relocated to Thailand. The documentary has received positive reviews after premiering at Fantastic Fest and Beyond Fest. The soundtrack for the documentary is also composed entirely by Cliff Martinez, with the last track "Disconnected" composed, written and sung by Julian Winding, Refn's nephew.

After making the movie ''Fear X'', Refn was heavily in debt. The story of his recovery is recorded in the documentary ''Gambler'', directed by Phie Ambo.

At the 2011 Cannes Film Festival, Refn said that he was repulsed by the controversial remarks by Lars von Trier about Adolf Hitler, calling them unacceptable.

Filmography

Film

Executive producer
*'' Black's Game'' (2012)
*'' Pusher'' (2012)
*'' Dying of the Light'' (2014)

Acting roles

Documentary appearances
* ''Gambler'' (2006) (subject)
* ''Jodorowsky's Dune'' (2013)
* '' My Life Directed by Nicolas Winding Refn'' (2015) (subject)
* '' Dario Argento Panico'' (2023)

Short film

Television

Acting role

Music videos

References

External links

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Interview with Nicolas Winding Refn
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Filmsactu.com

{{DEFAULTSORT:Winding Refn, Nicolas
1970 births
Danish male screenwriters
Living people
American Academy of Dramatic Arts alumni
Film directors from Copenhagen
Danish film producers
English-language film directors
Writers with dyslexia
Film directors with dyslexia
Danish expatriates in the United States
Cannes Film Festival Award for Best Director winners
Postmodernist filmmakers
Danish people with disabilities