This is a list of
Sufi orders
A tariqa (or ''tariqah''; ar, طريقة ') is a school or order of Sufism, or specifically a concept for the mystical teaching and spiritual practices of such an order with the aim of seeking ''haqiqa'', which translates as "ultimate truth".
...
(Tariqas) in
Senegal (and also
the Gambia). They are active Muslim organizations that can also be found in many other parts of Africa and the Islamic world. Their members are mainly
Wolofs,
Fulas and
Tocouleurs.
List
The four largest Muslim brotherhoods in Senegal are:
* The
Xaadir (Qādiriyya), the oldest, founded in
Baghdad
Baghdad (; ar, بَغْدَاد , ) is the capital of Iraq and the second-largest city in the Arab world after Cairo. It is located on the Tigris near the ruins of the ancient city of Babylon and the Sassanid Persian capital of Ctesiphon ...
by the
Sufi mystic
Abdul Qādir al-Jilānī in the 12th century, now pan-Islamic, spread to Senegal in the 18th Century.
* The
Tijaniyyah
The Tijāniyyah ( ar, الطريقة التجانية, Al-Ṭarīqah al-Tijāniyyah, The Tijānī Path) is a Sufi tariqa (order, path), originating in the Maghreb but now more widespread in West Africa, particularly in Senegal, The Ga ...
, the largest in membership, founded in
Fez, Morocco by the
Algeria
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, capital = Algiers
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, largest_city = capital
, relig ...
n born
Cheikh
Sheikh (pronounced or ; ar, شيخ ' , mostly pronounced , plural ' )—also transliterated sheekh, sheyikh, shaykh, shayk, shekh, shaik and Shaikh, shak—is an honorific title in the Arabic language. It commonly designates a chief of a ...
Sīdī 'Aḥmad at-Tijānī. The order is centered in the city of
Tivaouane
Tivaouane or Tivawan ( wo, Tiwaawan; french: Tivaouane) is a city located in the Thiès Region of Senegal.
History
Tivaouane was part of the Wolof kingdom of Cayor, and was at one time its capital. It was first described to Europeans in the 15 ...
.
* The
Mourides, the richest and most active, founded by the Islamic leader Cheikh
Amadou Bamba
Ahmadou Bamba Mbacke ( wo, Ahmadu Bamba Mbacke, ar, أحمد بن محمد بن حبيب الله ''Aḥmad ibn Muḥammad ibn Ḥabīb Allāh'', 1853–1927) also known to followers as Khādimu 'al-Rasūl () or "The Servant of the Messenger" a ...
(1850–1927) of
French West Africa
French West Africa (french: Afrique-Occidentale française, ) was a federation of eight French colonial territories in West Africa: Mauritania, Senegal, French Sudan (now Mali), French Guinea (now Guinea), Ivory Coast, Upper Volta (now Burkin ...
, now Senegal. The order is centered in the city of
Touba
Touba (Hassaniya Arabic: , 'Felicity'; Wolof: Tuubaa) is a city in central Senegal, part of Diourbel Region and Mbacké district. With a population of 529,176 in 2010, it is the second most populated Senegalese city after Dakar. It is the ho ...
.
* The
Layene
The Layene (also spelled Layène, Layenne, or Layeen) is a religious brotherhood of Sufi Muslims based in Senegal and founded in 1884 by Seydina Limamou Laye (1844-1909), who was born Libasse Thiaw. It is notable for its belief that their founder ...
are a smaller Sufi order, centered at
Yoff
Yoff ( wo, Yoof; french: Yoff) is a town (''commune d'arrondissement''), part of the city (''commune'') of Dakar, located in Senegal. It lies north of downtown Dakar and immediately north of Dakar Airport ( Dakar-Yoff-Léopold Sédar Senghor Inter ...
north of
Dakar.
External links
Review of Sufism and Religious Brotherhoods in SenegalBBC:Senegal's Mourides: Islam's mystical entrepreneurs
{{Islam in Senegal
Senegal
Islam in Senegal
Lists of Muslims