The Monument to the X-ray and Radium Martyrs of All Nations (also known as the X-ray Martyrs' Memorial) is a memorial in

Hamburg Hamburg (, ; nds, label=Hamburg German, Low Saxon, Hamborg ), officially the Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg (german: Freie und Hansestadt Hamburg; nds, label=Low Saxon, Friee un Hansestadt Hamborg),. is the List of cities in Germany by popul ...

, Germany, commemorating those who died due to their work with the use of

radiation In physics, radiation is the emission or transmission of energy in the form of waves or particles through space or through a material medium. This includes: * ''electromagnetic radiation'', such as radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visi ...

, particularly

X-rays An X-ray, or, much less commonly, X-radiation, is a penetrating form of high-energy electromagnetic radiation. Most X-rays have a wavelength ranging from 10 picometers to 10 nanometers, corresponding to frequencies in the range 30&nbs ...

, in medicine. It was unveiled on the grounds of St Georg (St George's) Hospital (now the '), on 4 April 1936 by the ' (the Röntgen Society of Germany). When unveiled, the memorial included 169 names, from fifteen nations, listed alphabetically; by 1959 there were 359, with the additions listed on four separate stone plaques, beside the original columnar stone memorial.

Inscription

The memorial's inscription may be translated as:

Book

An accompanying book, ' (''Book of Honour of radiologists of all nations'') gives biographies of those commemorated. Three editions have been produced, the most recent in 1992.

Names

The names of those commemorated include: *

Heinrich Albers-Schönberg Heinrich Ernst Albers-Schönberg (21 January 1865 – 4 June 1921) was a German gynecologist and radiologist. He was a native of Hamburg. He studied medicine at the Universities of Tübingen and Leipzig, where in 1891 he earned his medical doctor ...

(1865–1921) * Gustav Baer (1865–1925) * Frederick Henry Baetjer (1874–1933) * Burton Eugene Baker (1871–1913) *

Leonhard Baumeister Leonhard Baumeister (25 October 1904 - 19 August 1972) was a German politician. He was a representative of the Christian Social Union of Bavaria and a member of the Landtag of Bavaria from 1946 to 1954. His name was added to the '' Monument to t ...

(1874–1953) * Eugen Beaujard (1874–1937) * Jean Bergonié (1857–1925) * Elis Berven (1885–1966) * Reginald Blackall (-1925) * Barry Blacken * Joseph Boine (1883–1935) * Percy Brown (?–1950) * William Ironside Bruce (1879–1921) * Eugene Wilson Caldwell (1870–1918) * Joaquim Roberto Cavalho (1893–1944) * Felipe Carriazo (1854–1919) * Edmond Castex (1868–1931) *

Ettore Castronovo Ettore is a given name, the Italian version of Hector. People * Ettore Arrigoni degli Oddi (1867–1942), Italian naturalist * Ettore Bassi (born 1970), Italian actor and television presenter *Ettore Bastianini (1922–1967), Italian opera singer * ...

(1894–1954) *

Alfred Cerné Alfred may refer to: Arts and entertainment *'' Alfred J. Kwak'', Dutch-German-Japanese anime television series * ''Alfred'' (Arne opera), a 1740 masque by Thomas Arne * ''Alfred'' (Dvořák), an 1870 opera by Antonín Dvořák *"Alfred (Interl ...

(1856–1937) * Frederick W. D. Collier *

Antonio Coppola Antonio is a masculine given name of Etruscan origin deriving from the root name Antonius. It is a common name among Romance language-speaking populations as well as the Balkans and Lusophone Africa. It has been among the top 400 most popular ...

(?–1922) *

Maria Skłodowska-Curie Marie Salomea Skłodowska–Curie ( , , ; born Maria Salomea Skłodowska, ; 7 November 1867 – 4 July 1934) was a Polish and naturalized-French physicist and chemist who conducted pioneering research on radioactivity. She was the first ...

(1867-1934) *

Alois Czepa Alois (Latinized ''Aloysius'') is an Old Occitan form of the name Louis. Modern variants include ''Aloïs'' ( French), ''Aloys'' ( German), ''Alois'' (Czech), ''Alojz'' ( Slovak, Slovenian), '' Alojzy'' (Polish), '' Aloísio'' (Portuguese, Span ...

(1886–1931) *

Fritz Dautwitz Fritz originated as a German nickname for Friedrich, or Frederick (''Der Alte Fritz'', and ''Stary Fryc'' were common nicknames for King Frederick II of Prussia and Frederick III, German Emperor) as well as for similar names including Fridolin ...

(1877–1932) *

Friedrich Dessauer Friedrich Dessauer (19 July 1881 – 16 February 1963) was a physicist, a philosopher, a socially engaged entrepreneur and a journalist. Friedrich Dessauer was born in Aschaffenburg, Germany. As a young man he was fascinated by new discove ...

(1881–1963) *

Étienne Destot Étienne Destot (1 March 1864 – 3 December 1918) was a French radiologist and anatomist who was a native of Dijon. He studied medicine in Lyon, and later worked in the hospitals of Hôtel Dieu, Croix-Rousse and Charité in Lyon. In additio ...

(1864–1918) * Walter Dodd (-1916) * Jonn Duken (1889–1954) * Gyula Elischer von Thurzóbánya (1875–1929) * Arthur W. Erskine (1885–1952) * Johan Frederik Fischer (1868–1922) * Frederick R. Forster *

William Hope Fowler William Hope Fowler CVO FRSE FRCSE (14 March 1876–4 October 1933) was a Scottish medical doctor and pioneer of radiology. He was co-founder of the Edinburgh School of Radiology. Life He was born in Edinburgh on 14 March 1876, the son of Rob ...

(1876–1933) * Shigeo Furuya (1891–1955) * Fritz Giesel (1852–1927) * (1869–1938) * Maximilian Gortan (1873–ca. 1936) * (1874–1952) * John Hall-Edwards (1858–1926) * Anna Hamann (1894–1969) * Joseph Gilbert Hamilton (1907–1957) * Georges Haret (1874–1932) * H. Harris * Georg Heber (1872–1931) * Guido Holzknecht (1872–1931) * Hermann Hopf (-after 1928) * Friedrich Janus (1875–1951) * (1869–1926) *

Irène Joliot-Curie Irène Joliot-Curie (; ; 12 September 1897 – 17 March 1956) was a French chemist, physicist and politician, the elder daughter of Pierre and Marie Curie, and the wife of Frédéric Joliot-Curie. Jointly with her husband, Joliot-Curie was awar ...

(1897–1956) * James Philip Kerby (1886–1952) * Friedrich Wilhelm Klingelfuss (1859–1932) * (1873–1957) * Charles Lester Leonard (1861–1913) * Adolphe Leray (1865–1926) * (1863–1929) * Félix Lobligeois (1874–1941) * Bertram V. A. Low-Beer (1900–1955) * Cecil Lyster (1859–1920) * Robert Hermann Machlett (1872–1926) * Stanley Melville (1867–1934) * Lawrie Morrison (-1933) * José Casimiro Carteado Mena (1876–1949) * (1845–1912) * John Murphy(1885–1944) *

Takashi Nagai was a Japanese Catholic physician specializing in radiology, an author, and a survivor of the atomic bombing of Nagasaki. His subsequent life of prayer and service earned him the affectionate title "saint of Urakami". Early years Takashi (mea ...

(1908–1951) * George Harrison Orton (1873–1947) * Ernest Payne (?–1936) * George Alexander Pirie * Mario Ponzio (1885–1956) * James R. Riddell * (1871–1916) * Heber Robarts (1852–1922) * Jacob Rosenblatt (1872–1928) * Francis Le Roy Satterlee (1881–1935) * (1879-1959) * Erno Schiffer (1893-1951) * Otto Schreiber (1882–1925) * Fumiyo Shimadzu (1902–1967) * Hilde Maier-Smereker (1893–1954) * Ernst Sommer (1872–1938) * Adrien Celestin Marie Soret (?–1929) *

John W. L. Spence John Webster Lowson Spence MD LRCP LRCS (11 August 1870-15 March 1930) was a Scottish x-ray pioneer and an early victim of radiation poisoning. His name is one of 14 British professionals listed on the '' Monument to the X-ray and Radium Martyrs ...

(1870-1930) * Itsuma Suetsugu (1893–1965) * Auguste-Jean-Baptiste Tauleigne (–1926) * Benjamin Franklin Thomas (1850–1911) *

Dawson Turner Dawson Turner (18 October 1775 – 21 June 1858) was an English banker, botanist and antiquary. He specialized in the botany of cryptogams and was the father-in-law of the botanist William Jackson Hooker. Life Turner was the son of Jam ...

(1857-1928) * Tamonji Urano (1886–1954) * Charles Vaillant (1872–1942) * Ivanova-Podobed Sofia Vasilievna (1887–1953) * Harry Fuller Waite (1872–1946) * Hugh Walsham * Louis Andrew Weigel (1854–1906) * John Duncan White (?–1955) * John Chisholm Williams * Ernest Wilson (1871-1911) * J. Young

Inscription

Book

Names

References

Further reading