Mission San Pedro y San Pablo de Bicuñer was founded on January 7, 1781, by Spanish Padre
Francisco Garcés, to protect the
Anza Trail where it forded the
Colorado River
The Colorado River ( es, Río Colorado) is one of the principal rivers (along with the Rio Grande) in the Southwestern United States and northern Mexico. The river drains an expansive, arid watershed that encompasses parts of seven U.S. s ...
, between the Mexican provinces of
Alta California
Alta California ('Upper California'), also known as ('New California') among other names, was a province of New Spain, formally established in 1804. Along with the Baja California peninsula, it had previously comprised the province of , but ...
and
New Navarre
New Navarre ( es, Nueva Navarra, eu, Nafarroa Berria) was at first an informal name given to the silver-mining region north of Sinaloa. Just before his death in 1711, the Jesuit Eusebio Kino drew a map of the area with that name. Nuevo Navarre ...
.
The settlement, located about northeast of
Yuma Crossing in present-day
California
California is a state in the Western United States, located along the Pacific Coast. With nearly 39.2million residents across a total area of approximately , it is the most populous U.S. state and the 3rd largest by area. It is also the m ...
, was not part of the
Spanish California missions chain, but was administered as a part of the
Arizona missions chain.
History
The Mission site and nearby ''pueblo'' were inadequately supported, and
Spanish colonists seized the best lands, destroyed the
Indians' crops, and generally ignored the rights of the local natives.
[R. Douglas Hurt, 2002, ''The Indian frontier, 1763–1846'', UNM Press, ]
Google Books excerpt
/ref>
In retaliation, the Quechan
The Quechan (or Yuma) ( Quechan: ''Kwatsáan'' 'those who descended') are a Native American tribe who live on the Fort Yuma Indian Reservation on the lower Colorado River in Arizona and California just north of the Mexican border. Despite t ...
s (''Yuma'') and their allies attacked and destroyed the installation and the neighboring Mission Puerto de Purísima Concepción
Mission Puerto de Purísima Concepción was founded near what is now Yuma, Arizona, United States, on the California side of the Colorado River, in October 1780, by Father Francisco Garcés. The settlement was not part of the California mission ...
during a three-day period, from July 17–19, 1781. Some 50 Spaniards, including Father Garcés (along with three other friars and Captain Fernando Rivera y Moncada
Fernando Javier Rivera y Moncada (c. 1725 – July 18, 1781) was a Mexican-born soldier of the Spanish Empire who served in The Californias (''Las Californias''), the far north-western frontier of New Spain. He participated in several early ov ...
) were killed, and the women and children taken captive. The Indians' victory closed this crossing and seriously crippled future communications between Las Californias
The Californias (Spanish: ''Las Californias''), occasionally known as The Three Californias or Two Californias, are a region of North America spanning the United States and Mexico, consisting of the U.S. state of California and the Mexica ...
province and colonial Mexico
Colonial or The Colonial may refer to:
* Colonial, of, relating to, or characteristic of a colony or colony (biology)
Architecture
* American colonial architecture
* French Colonial
* Spanish Colonial architecture
Automobiles
* Colonial (1920 ...
, both within the Viceroyalty of New Spain
New Spain, officially the Viceroyalty of New Spain ( es, Virreinato de Nueva España, ), or Kingdom of New Spain, was an integral territorial entity of the Spanish Empire, established by Habsburg Spain during the Spanish colonization of the Amer ...
.[
Today, only a California Historical Marker identifies the site. The marker is located on Imperial County Road S24, 0.2 mi W of the intersection of Levee Road and Mehring Road/11th St, and 4.4 mi NE of ]Bard
In Celtic cultures, a bard is a professional story teller, verse-maker, music composer, oral historian and genealogist, employed by a patron (such as a monarch or chieftain) to commemorate one or more of the patron's ancestors and to praise ...
, in southeastern Imperial County.
California Historical Landmark
California Historical Landmark
A California Historical Landmark (CHL) is a building, structure, site, or place in California that has been determined to have statewide historical landmark significance.
Criteria
Historical significance is determined by meeting at least one of ...
number 921 reads:
:''NO. 921 SITE OF MISSION SAN PEDRO Y SAN PABLO DE BICUNER – To protect the Anza Trail where it forded the Colorado River, the Spanish founded a pueblo and mission nearby on January 7, 1781. Threatened with the loss of their land, the Quechans (Yumas) attacked this strategic settlement on July 17, 1781. The Quechan victory closed this crossing and seriously crippled future communications between upper California and Mexico.''californiahistoricallandmarks.com Landmark chl-921
/ref>
See also
* Spanish missions in Arizona
*
* California Historical Landmarks in Imperial County
List table of the properties and districts — listed on the California Historical Landmarks — within Imperial County, Southern California.
*Note: ''Click the "Map of all coordinates" link to the right to view a Google map of all properties an ...
* Spanish missions in the Sonoran Desert
The Spanish missions in the Sonoran Desert ( es, Misiones jesuíticas en el desierto de Sonora) are a series of Jesuit Catholic religious outposts established by the Spanish Catholic Jesuits and other orders for religious conversions of the ...
* Spanish missions in Baja California
The Spanish missions in Baja California were a large number of religious outposts established by Catholic religious orders, the Jesuits, the Franciscans and the Dominicans, between 1683 and 1834 to spread the Christian doctrine among the Nativ ...
* California Historical Landmark
A California Historical Landmark (CHL) is a building, structure, site, or place in California that has been determined to have statewide historical landmark significance.
Criteria
Historical significance is determined by meeting at least one of ...
References
External links
Missions of the Colorado River
Discovery of California
Virtual Tour of California Missions
{{DEFAULTSORT:Mission San Pedro y San Pablo de Bicuner
San Pedro y San Pablo de Bicu
San Pedro y San Pablo de Bicu
California Historical Landmarks
Pre-statehood history of Arizona
1781 establishments in New Spain
1781 establishments in Alta California
National Register of Historic Places in Imperial County, California
Churches on the National Register of Historic Places in California