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A metallurgical furnace, more commonly referred to as a furnace, is a device used to heat and melt metal ore to remove gangue, primarily in
A metallurgical furnace, more commonly referred to as a furnace, is a device used to heat and melt metal ore to remove gangue, primarily in iron
Iron () is a chemical element with symbol Fe (from la, ferrum) and atomic number 26. It is a metal that belongs to the first transition series and group 8 of the periodic table. It is, by mass, the most common element on Earth, right in ...
and steel
Steel is an alloy made up of iron with added carbon to improve its strength and fracture resistance compared to other forms of iron. Many other elements may be present or added. Stainless steels that are corrosion- and oxidation-resistan ...
production. The heat energy to fuel a furnace may be supplied directly by fuel combustion
Combustion, or burning, is a high-temperature exothermic redox chemical reaction between a fuel (the reductant) and an oxidant, usually atmospheric oxygen, that produces oxidized, often gaseous products, in a mixture termed as smoke. Combus ...
, by electricity such as the electric arc furnace, or through induction heating in induction furnaces. There are several different types of furnaces used in metallurgy to work with specific metal and ores.
Smelting furnaces
Smelting furnaces are used insmelting
Smelting is a process of applying heat to ore, to extract a base metal. It is a form of extractive metallurgy. It is used to extract many metals from their ores, including silver, iron, copper, and other base metals. Smelting uses heat and a c ...
to extract metal from ore. Smelting furnaces include:
* The blast furnace, used to reduce iron ore
Iron ores are rocks and minerals from which metallic iron can be economically extracted. The ores are usually rich in iron oxides and vary in color from dark grey, bright yellow, or deep purple to rusty red. The iron is usually found in the ...
to pig iron
** Cold blast
** Hot blast
* Steelmaking furnaces, including:
** Puddling furnace
** Reverberatory furnace
**
** Open hearth furnace
** Basic oxygen furnace
** Electric arc furnace
** Electric induction furnace
Other furnaces
* Furnaces used to remelt metal in foundries. * Furnaces used to reheat and heat treat metal for use in: ** Rolling mills, including tinplate works and slitting mills. ** Forges * Open hearth furnace * Electric arc furnaceReferences