Henri Émile Benoît Matisse (; 31 December 1869 – 3 November 1954) was a French visual artist, known for both his use of colour and his fluid and original draughtsmanship. He was a draughtsman,

printmaker Printmaking is the process of creating artworks by printing, normally on paper, but also on fabric, wood, metal, and other surfaces. "Traditional printmaking" normally covers only the process of creating prints using a hand processed techniq ...

, and

sculptor Sculpture is the branch of the visual arts that operates in three dimensions. Sculpture is the three-dimensional art work which is physically presented in the dimensions of height, width and depth. It is one of the plastic arts. Durable sc ...

, but is known primarily as a painter. Matisse is commonly regarded, along with

Pablo Picasso Pablo Ruiz Picasso (25 October 1881 – 8 April 1973) was a Spanish painter, sculptor, printmaker, ceramicist and Scenic design, theatre designer who spent most of his adult life in France. One of the most influential artists of the 20th ce ...

, as one of the artists who best helped to define the revolutionary developments in the

visual arts The visual arts are art forms such as painting, drawing, printmaking, sculpture, ceramics, photography, video, filmmaking, design, crafts and architecture. Many artistic disciplines such as performing arts, conceptual art, and textile a ...

throughout the opening decades of the twentieth century, responsible for significant developments in painting and sculpture. The intense colourism of the works he painted between 1900 and 1905 brought him notoriety as one of the Fauves ( French for "wild beasts"). Many of his finest works were created in the decade or so after 1906, when he developed a rigorous style that emphasised flattened forms and decorative pattern. In 1917, he relocated to a suburb of

Nice Nice ( , ; Niçard: , classical norm, or , nonstandard, ; it, Nizza ; lij, Nissa; grc, Νίκαια; la, Nicaea) is the prefecture of the Alpes-Maritimes department in France. The Nice agglomeration extends far beyond the administrative c ...

on the

French Riviera The French Riviera (known in French as the ; oc, Còsta d'Azur ; literal translation "Azure Coast") is the Mediterranean coastline of the southeast corner of France. There is no official boundary, but it is usually considered to extend from ...

, and the more relaxed style of his work during the 1920s gained him critical acclaim as an upholder of the classical tradition in

French painting French art consists of the visual and plastic arts (including French architecture, woodwork, textiles, and ceramics) originating from the geographical area of France. Modern France was the main centre for the European art of the Upper Paleolith ...

. After 1930, he adopted a bolder simplification of

form Form is the shape, visual appearance, or configuration of an object. In a wider sense, the form is the way something happens. Form also refers to: *Form (document), a document (printed or electronic) with spaces in which to write or enter data ...

. When ill health in his final years prevented him from painting, he created an important body of work in the medium of cut paper

collage Collage (, from the french: coller, "to glue" or "to stick together";) is a technique of art creation, primarily used in the visual arts, but in music too, by which art results from an Assemblage (art), assemblage of different forms, thus creat ...

. His mastery of the expressive language of colour and drawing, displayed in a body of work spanning over a half-century, won him recognition as a leading figure in

modern art Modern art includes artistic work produced during the period extending roughly from the 1860s to the 1970s, and denotes the styles and philosophies of the art produced during that era. The term is usually associated with art in which the tra ...

Early life and education

Matisse was born in

Le Cateau-Cambrésis Le Cateau-Cambrésis (, before 1977: ''Le Cateau'') is a commune in the Nord department in northern France. The term Cambrésis indicates that it lies in the county of that name which fell to the Prince-Bishop of Cambrai. Le Cateau station ha ...

, in the Nord

department Department may refer to: * Departmentalization, division of a larger organization into parts with specific responsibility Government and military * Department (administrative division), a geographical and administrative division within a country, ...

in Northern France on

New Year's Eve In the Gregorian calendar, New Year's Eve, also known as Old Year's Day or Saint Sylvester's Day in many countries, is the evening or the entire day of the last day of the year, on 31 December. The last day of the year is commonly referred t ...

in 1869, the oldest son of a wealthy grain merchant. He grew up in Bohain-en-Vermandois,

Picardie Picardy (; Picard and french: Picardie, , ) is a historical territory and a former administrative region of France. Since 1 January 2016, it has been part of the new region of Hauts-de-France. It is located in the northern part of France. His ...

, France. In 1887, he went to

Paris Paris () is the capital and most populous city of France, with an estimated population of 2,165,423 residents in 2019 in an area of more than 105 km² (41 sq mi), making it the 30th most densely populated city in the world in 2020. S ...

to study law, working as a court administrator in

after gaining his qualification. He first started to paint in 1889, after his mother brought him art supplies during a period of convalescence following an attack of

appendicitis Appendicitis is inflammation of the appendix. Symptoms commonly include right lower abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and decreased appetite. However, approximately 40% of people do not have these typical symptoms. Severe complications of a ...

. He discovered "a kind of paradise" as he later described it, and decided to become an artist, deeply disappointing his father.Bärbel Küster. "Arbeiten und auf niemanden hören." ''

Süddeutsche Zeitung The ''Süddeutsche Zeitung'' (; ), published in Munich, Bavaria, is one of the largest daily newspapers in Germany. The tone of SZ is mainly described as centre-left, liberal, social-liberal, progressive-liberal, and social-democrat. Hi ...

'', 6 July 2007. In 1891, he returned to Paris to study art at the

Académie Julian The Académie Julian () was a private art school for painting and sculpture founded in Paris, France, in 1867 by French painter and teacher Rodolphe Julian (1839–1907) that was active from 1868 through 1968. It remained famous for the number ...

under

William-Adolphe Bouguereau William-Adolphe Bouguereau (; 30 November 1825 – 19 August 1905) was a French academic painter. In his realistic genre paintings, he used mythological themes, making modern interpretations of classical subjects, with an emphasis on the female ...

and at the Ecole Nationale des Beaux-Arts under Gustave Moreau. Initially he painted

still life A still life (plural: still lifes) is a work of art depicting mostly inanimate subject matter, typically commonplace objects which are either natural (food, flowers, dead animals, plants, rocks, shells, etc.) or man-made (drinking glasses, bo ...

s and

landscapes A landscape is the visible features of an area of land, its landforms, and how they integrate with natural or man-made features, often considered in terms of their aesthetic appeal.''New Oxford American Dictionary''. A landscape includes the ...

in a traditional style, at which he achieved reasonable proficiency. Matisse was influenced by the works of earlier masters such as Jean-Baptiste-Siméon Chardin,

Nicolas Poussin Nicolas Poussin (, , ; June 1594 – 19 November 1665) was the leading painter of the classical French Baroque style, although he spent most of his working life in Rome. Most of his works were on religious and mythological subjects painted for a ...

, and

Antoine Watteau Jean-Antoine Watteau (, , ; baptised October 10, 1684died July 18, 1721) Alsavailablevia Oxford Art Online (subscription needed). was a French painter and draughtsman whose brief career spurred the revival of interest in colour and movement, ...

, as well as by modern artists, such as

Édouard Manet Édouard Manet (, ; ; 23 January 1832 – 30 April 1883) was a French modernist painter. He was one of the first 19th-century artists to paint modern life, as well as a pivotal figure in the transition from Realism to Impressionism. Bo ...

, and by

Japanese art Japanese art covers a wide range of art styles and media, including ancient pottery, sculpture, ink painting and calligraphy on silk and paper, ''ukiyo-e'' paintings and woodblock prints, ceramics, origami, and more recently manga and anime. ...

. Chardin was one of the painters Matisse most admired; as an art student he made copies of four of Chardin's paintings in the

Louvre The Louvre ( ), or the Louvre Museum ( ), is the world's most-visited museum, and an historic landmark in Paris, France. It is the home of some of the best-known works of art, including the '' Mona Lisa'' and the ''Venus de Milo''. A central ...

. In 1896, Matisse, an unknown art student at the time, visited the Australian painter John Russell on the island

Belle Île Belle-Île, Belle-Île-en-Mer, or Belle Isle ( br, Ar Gerveur, ; br, label=Old Breton, Guedel) is a French island off the coast of Brittany in the ''département'' of Morbihan, and the largest of Brittany's islands. It is from the Quiberon pen ...

off the coast of

Brittany Brittany (; french: link=no, Bretagne ; br, Breizh, or ; Gallo: ''Bertaèyn'' ) is a peninsula, historical country and cultural area in the west of modern France, covering the western part of what was known as Armorica during the period ...

. Russell introduced him to

Impressionism Impressionism was a 19th-century art movement characterized by relatively small, thin, yet visible brush strokes, open composition, emphasis on accurate depiction of light in its changing qualities (often accentuating the effects of the passag ...

and to the work of

Vincent van Gogh Vincent Willem van Gogh (; 30 March 185329 July 1890) was a Dutch Post-Impressionist painter who posthumously became one of the most famous and influential figures in Western art history. In a decade, he created about 2,100 artworks, inclu ...

—who had been a friend of Russell—and gave him a Van Gogh drawing. Matisse's style changed completely; abandoning his earth-coloured palette for bright colours. He later said Russell was his teacher, and that Russell had explained

colour theory In the visual arts, color theory is the body of practical guidance for color mixing and the visual effects of a specific color combination. Color terminology based on the color wheel and its geometry separates colors into primary color, seconda ...

to him. The same year, Matisse exhibited five paintings in the salon of the Société Nationale des Beaux-Arts, two of which were purchased by the state. Henri + Amélie Matisse Portrait 1898

With the model Caroline Joblau, he had a daughter, Marguerite, born in 1894. In 1898, he married Amélie Noellie Parayre; the two raised Marguerite together and had two sons, Jean (born 1899) and Pierre (born 1900). Marguerite and Amélie often served as models for Matisse. In 1898, on the advice of

Camille Pissarro Jacob Abraham Camille Pissarro ( , ; 10 July 1830 – 13 November 1903) was a Danish-French Impressionist and Neo-Impressionist painter born on the island of St Thomas (now in the US Virgin Islands, but then in the Danish West Indies). ...

, he went to London to study the paintings of

J. M. W. Turner Joseph Mallord William Turner (23 April 177519 December 1851), known in his time as William Turner, was an English Romantic painter, printmaker and watercolourist. He is known for his expressive colouring, imaginative landscapes and turbule ...

and then went on a trip to

Corsica Corsica ( , Upper , Southern ; it, Corsica; ; french: Corse ; lij, Còrsega; sc, Còssiga) is an island in the Mediterranean Sea and one of the 18 regions of France. It is the fourth-largest island in the Mediterranean and lies southeast of ...

.Oxford Art Online, "Henri Matisse" Upon his return to Paris in February 1899, he worked beside

Albert Marquet Albert Marquet (27 March 1875 – 14 June 1947) was a French painter, associated with the Fauvist movement. He initially became one of the Fauve painters and a lifelong friend of Henri Matisse. Marquet subsequently painted in a more naturali ...

and met

André Derain André Derain (, ; 10 June 1880 – 8 September 1954) was a French artist, painter, sculptor and co-founder of Fauvism with Henri Matisse. Biography Early years Derain was born in 1880 in Chatou, Yvelines, Île-de-France (region), Île-de-Franc ...

Jean Puy Jean Puy (8 November 1876 in Roanne, Loire – 6 March 1960 in Roanne) was a French Fauvist artist. Life and work He studied architecture at the École nationale des beaux-arts de Lyon and painting with Jean-Paul Laurens at l'Académie Juli ...

,Leymarie, Jean; Read, Herbert; Lieberman, William S. (1966), ''Henri Matisse'', UCLA Art Council, p.10. and Jules Flandrin. Matisse immersed himself in the work of others and went into debt from buying work from painters he admired. The work he hung and displayed in his home included a plaster bust by

Rodin François Auguste René Rodin (12 November 184017 November 1917) was a French sculptor, generally considered the founder of modern sculpture. He was schooled traditionally and took a craftsman-like approach to his work. Rodin possessed a uniq ...

, a painting by

Gauguin Eugène Henri Paul Gauguin (, ; ; 7 June 1848 – 8 May 1903) was a French Post-Impressionist artist. Unappreciated until after his death, Gauguin is now recognized for his experimental use of colour and Synthetist style that were distinct fr ...

, a drawing by Van Gogh, and Cézanne's ''Three Bathers''. In Cézanne's sense of pictorial structure and colour, Matisse found his main inspiration. Many of Matisse's paintings from 1898 to 1901 make use of a Divisionist technique he adopted after reading

Paul Signac Paul Victor Jules Signac ( , ; 11 November 1863 – 15 August 1935) was a French Neo-Impressionist painter who, working with Georges Seurat, helped develop the Pointillist style. Biography Paul Signac was born in Paris on 11 November 1863. H ...

's essay, "". In May 1902, Amélie's parents became ensnared in a major financial scandal, the Humbert Affair. Her mother (who was the Humbert family's housekeeper) and father became scapegoats in the scandal, and her family was menaced by angry mobs of fraud victims.Spurling, Hilary, 2005, "Matisse's Pajamas", ''The New York Review of Books'', 11 August 2005, pp. 33–36. According to art historian Hilary Spurling, "their public exposure, followed by the arrest of his father-in-law, left Matisse as the sole breadwinner for an extended family of seven." During 1902 to 1903, Matisse adopted a style of painting that was comparatively somber and concerned with form, a change possibly intended to produce saleable works during this time of material hardship. Having made his first attempt at sculpture, a copy after Antoine-Louis Barye, in 1899, he devoted much of his energy to working in clay, completing ''The Slave'' in 1903.

Early paintings

File:Matisse the study of moreau.jpg, '' Gustave Moreau's Studio'', 1894-1895 File:Matisse - Blue Pot and Lemon (1897).jpg, ''Blue Pot and Lemon'' (1897),

Hermitage Museum The State Hermitage Museum ( rus, Государственный Эрмитаж, r=Gosudarstvennyj Ermitaž, p=ɡəsʊˈdarstvʲɪn(ː)ɨj ɪrmʲɪˈtaʂ, links=no) is a museum of art and culture in Saint Petersburg, Russia. It is the larges ...

St. Petersburg Saint Petersburg ( rus, links=no, Санкт-Петербург, a=Ru-Sankt Peterburg Leningrad Petrograd Piter.ogg, r=Sankt-Peterburg, p=ˈsankt pʲɪtʲɪrˈburk), formerly known as Petrograd (1914–1924) and later Leningrad (1924–1991), i ...

, Russia File:Matisse Mur Rose.jpg, '' Le Mur Rose'', 1898,

Jewish Museum Frankfurt The Jewish Museum Frankfurt am Main is the oldest independent Jewish Museum in Germany. It was opened by Federal Chancellor Helmut Kohl on 9 November 1988, the 50th anniversary of ''Kristallnacht''. The Jewish Museum collects, preserves and co ...

File:Matisse - Fruit and Coffeepot (1898).jpg, ''Fruit and Coffeepot'' (1898),

, Russia File:Matisse - Vase of Sunflowers (1898).jpg, ''Vase of Sunflowers'' (1898),

, Russia File:Study of a nude by Matisse.jpg, ''Study of a Nude'', 1899, Bridgestone Museum of Art,

Tokyo Tokyo (; ja, 東京, , ), officially the Tokyo Metropolis ( ja, 東京都, label=none, ), is the capital and List of cities in Japan, largest city of Japan. Formerly known as Edo, its metropolitan area () is the most populous in the world, ...

File:Henri Matisse, 1899, Still Life with Compote, Apples and Oranges, oil on canvas, 46.4 x 55.6 cm, The Cone Collection, Baltimore Museum of Art.jpg, ''Still Life with Compote, Apples and Oranges,'' 1899, The Cone Collection,

Baltimore Museum of Art The Baltimore Museum of Art (BMA) in Baltimore, Maryland, United States, is an art museum that was founded in 1914. The BMA's collection of 95,000 objects encompasses more than 1,000 works by Henri Matisse anchored by the Cone Collection o ...

File:Matisse - Crockery on a Table (1900).jpg, ''Crockery on a Table'' (1900),

, Russia

Fauvism

Fauvism Fauvism /ˈfoʊvɪzm̩/ is the style of ''les Fauves'' (French language, French for "the wild beasts"), a group of early 20th-century modern artists whose works emphasized painterly qualities and strong colour over the Representation (arts), repr ...

as a style began around 1900 and continued beyond 1910. The movement as such lasted only a few years, 1904–1908, and had three exhibitions.

John Elderfield John Elderfield (born 25 April 1943) was Chief Curator of Painting and Sculpture at the Museum of Modern Art, New York, from 2003 to 2008.''Who’s Who 2011'', A&C Black, 2011 He served as the Allen R. Adler, Class of 1967, Distinguished Curator a ...

, The ''"Wild Beasts" Fauvism and Its Affinities,'' 1976,

Museum of Modern Art The Museum of Modern Art (MoMA) is an art museum located in Midtown Manhattan, New York City, on 53rd Street (Manhattan), 53rd Street between Fifth Avenue, Fifth and Sixth Avenues. It plays a major role in developing and collecting modern art, ...

, p.13, The leaders of the movement were Matisse and

. Matisse's first solo exhibition was at

Ambroise Vollard Ambroise Vollard (3 July 1866 – 21 July 1939) was a French art dealer who is regarded as one of the most important dealers in French contemporary art at the beginning of the twentieth century. He is credited with providing exposure and emotio ...

's gallery in 1904, without much success. His fondness for bright and expressive colour became more pronounced after he spent the summer of 1904 painting in St. Tropez with the neo-Impressionists Signac and

Henri-Edmond Cross Henri-Edmond Cross, born Henri-Edmond-Joseph Delacroix, (20 May 1856 – 16 May 1910) was a French painter and printmaker. He is most acclaimed as a master of Neo-Impressionism and he played an important role in shaping the second phase of t ...

. In that year, he painted the most important of his works in the neo-Impressionist style, ''

Luxe, Calme et Volupté ''Luxe, Calme et Volupté'' is a 1904 oil painting by the French artist Henri Matisse. Both foundational in the oeuvre of Matisse and a pivotal work in the history of art, ''Luxe, Calme et Volupté'' is considered the starting point of Fauvism. T ...

''. In 1905, he travelled southwards again to work with

at Collioure. His paintings of this period are characterised by flat shapes and controlled lines, using

pointillism Pointillism (, ) is a technique of painting in which small, distinct dots of color are applied in patterns to form an image. Georges Seurat and Paul Signac developed the technique in 1886, branching from Impressionism. The term "Pointillism ...

in a less rigorous way than before. Matisse and a group of artists now known as " Fauves" exhibited together in a room at the

Salon d'Automne The Salon d'Automne (; en, Autumn Salon), or Société du Salon d'automne, is an art exhibition held annually in Paris, France. Since 2011, it is held on the Champs-Élysées, between the Grand Palais and the Petit Palais, in mid-October. The f ...

in 1905. The paintings expressed emotion with wild, often dissonant colours, without regard for the subject's natural colours. Matisse showed ''Open Window'' and ''Woman with the Hat'' at the Salon. Critic Louis Vauxcelles commented on a lone sculpture surrounded by an "orgy of pure tones" as "

Donatello Donato di Niccolò di Betto Bardi ( – 13 December 1466), better known as Donatello ( ), was a Florentine sculptor of the Renaissance period. Born in Florence, he studied classical sculpture and used this to develop a complete Renaissance s ...

chez les fauves" (Donatello among the wild beasts),Vauxcelles, Louis

Gil Blas, Supplément à Gil Blas du 17 octobre 1905, p.8, col.1, Salle VII (end). Retrieved from France Gallica, bibliothèque numérique (digital library), Bibliothèque nationale de France, 1 December 2013. referring to a

Renaissance The Renaissance ( , ) , from , with the same meanings. is a period in European history marking the transition from the Middle Ages to modernity and covering the 15th and 16th centuries, characterized by an effort to revive and surpass ide ...

-type sculpture that shared the room with them.Chilver, Ian (Ed.)
"Fauvism"
, The Oxford Dictionary of Art, Oxford University Press, 2004. Retrieved from enotes.com, 26 December 2007. His comment was printed on 17 October 1905 in '' Gil Blas'', a daily newspaper, and passed into popular usage. The exhibition garnered harsh criticism—"A pot of paint has been flung in the face of the public", said the critic Camille Mauclair—but also some favourable attention. When the painting that was singled out for special condemnation, Matisse's '' Woman with a Hat'', was bought by Gertrude and Leo Stein, the embattled artist's morale improved considerably. Matisse was recognised as a leader of the Fauves, along with André Derain; the two were friendly rivals, each with his own followers. Other members were

Georges Braque Georges Braque ( , ; 13 May 1882 – 31 August 1963) was a major 20th-century French painter, collagist, draughtsman, printmaker and sculptor. His most notable contributions were in his alliance with Fauvism from 1905, and the role he pla ...

Raoul Dufy Raoul Dufy (; 3 June 1877 – 23 March 1953) was a French Fauvist painter. He developed a colorful, decorative style that became fashionable for designs of ceramics and textile as well as decorative schemes for public buildings. He is note ...

, and

Maurice de Vlaminck Maurice de Vlaminck (4 April 1876 – 11 October 1958) was a French painter. Along with André Derain and Henri Matisse, he is considered one of the principal figures in the Fauve movement, a group of modern artists who from 1904 to 1908 we ...

. The

Symbolist Symbolism was a late 19th-century art movement of French and Belgian origin in poetry and other arts seeking to represent absolute truths symbolically through language and metaphorical images, mainly as a reaction against naturalism and real ...

painter Gustave Moreau (1826–1898) was the movement's inspirational teacher. As a professor at the

École des Beaux-Arts École des Beaux-Arts (; ) refers to a number of influential art schools in France. The term is associated with the Beaux-Arts style in architecture and city planning that thrived in France and other countries during the late nineteenth centur ...

in Paris, he pushed his students to think outside of the lines of formality and to follow their visions. In 1907,

Guillaume Apollinaire Guillaume Apollinaire) of the Wąż coat of arms. (; 26 August 1880 – 9 November 1918) was a French French poetry, poet, playwright, short story writer, novelist, and art critic of Polish-Belarusian, Polish descent. Apollinaire is considered ...

, commenting about Matisse in an article published in ''La Falange'', wrote, "We are not here in the presence of an extravagant or an extremist undertaking: Matisse's art is eminently reasonable." But Matisse's work of the time also encountered vehement criticism, and it was difficult for him to provide for his family. His painting '' Nu bleu'' (1907) was burned in effigy at the

Armory Show The 1913 Armory Show, also known as the International Exhibition of Modern Art, was a show organized by the Association of American Painters and Sculptors in 1913. It was the first large exhibition of modern art in America, as well as one of t ...

in Chicago in 1913. The decline of the Fauvist movement after 1906 did not affect the career of Matisse; many of his finest works were created between 1906 and 1917, when he was an active part of the great gathering of artistic talent in

Montparnasse Montparnasse () is an area in the south of Paris, France, on the left bank of the river Seine, centred at the crossroads of the Boulevard du Montparnasse and the Rue de Rennes, between the Rue de Rennes and boulevard Raspail. Montparnasse has ...

, even though he did not quite fit in, with his conservative appearance and strict

bourgeois The bourgeoisie ( , ) is a social class, equivalent to the middle or upper middle class. They are distinguished from, and traditionally contrasted with, the proletariat by their affluence, and their great cultural and financial capital. Th ...

work habits. He continued to absorb new influences. He travelled to

Algeria ) , image_map = Algeria (centered orthographic projection).svg , map_caption = , image_map2 = , capital = Algiers , coordinates = , largest_city = capital , relig ...

in 1906 studying African art and

Primitivism Primitivism is a mode of aesthetic idealization that either emulates or aspires to recreate a "primitive" experience. It is also defined as a philosophical doctrine that considers "primitive" peoples as nobler than civilized peoples and was an o ...

. After viewing a large exhibition of

Islamic art Islamic art is a part of Islamic culture and encompasses the visual arts produced since the 7th century CE by people who lived within territories inhabited or ruled by Muslim populations. Referring to characteristic traditions across a wide ra ...

in Munich in 1910, he spent two months in Spain studying Moorish art. He visited

Morocco Morocco (),, ) officially the Kingdom of Morocco, is the westernmost country in the Maghreb region of North Africa. It overlooks the Mediterranean Sea to the north and the Atlantic Ocean to the west, and has land borders with Algeria to ...

in 1912 and again in 1913 and while painting in

Tangier Tangier ( ; ; ar, طنجة, Ṭanja) is a city in northwestern Morocco. It is on the Moroccan coast at the western entrance to the Strait of Gibraltar, where the Mediterranean Sea meets the Atlantic Ocean off Cape Spartel. The town is the c ...

he made several changes to his work, including his use of black as a colour. The effect on Matisse's art was a new boldness in the use of intense, unmodulated colour, as in ''

L'Atelier Rouge ''L'Atelier Rouge'', also known as ''The Red Studio,'' is a painting by Henri Matisse from 1911, in the collection of The Museum of Modern Art, New York City. In 2004, ''L'Atelier Rouge'' came in at No. 5 in a poll of 500 art experts voting for ...

'' (1911). Matisse had a long association with the Russian art collector

Sergei Shchukin Sergei Ivanovich Shchukin (russian: Серге́й Ива́нович Щу́кин; 10 January 1936) was a Russian businessman who became an art collector, mainly of French Impressionist and Post-Impressionist art. Early life and family Sergei ...

. He created one of his major works '' La Danse'' specially for Shchukin as part of a two painting commission, the other painting being ''Music,'' 1910. An earlier version of ''La Danse'' (1909) is in the collection of

The Museum of Modern Art The Museum of Modern Art (MoMA) is an art museum located in Midtown Manhattan, New York City, on 53rd Street between Fifth and Sixth Avenues. It plays a major role in developing and collecting modern art, and is often identified as one of ...

in New York City.

Selected works: Paris, 1901–1910

File:Matisse - Luxembourg Gardens (1901).jpg, ''Luxembourg Gardens'', 1901,

, Russia File:Matisse - Dishes and Fruit (1901).jpg, ''Dishes and Fruit'', 1901,

, Russia File:Henri Matisse, 1902, Notre-Dame, une fin d'après-midi, oil on paper mounted on canvas, 72.4 x 54.6 cm, Albright-Knox Art Gallery.jpg, '' A Glimpse of Notre-Dame in the Late Afternoon'', 1902,

Albright–Knox Art Gallery The Buffalo AKG Art Museum, formerly known as the Albright–Knox Art Gallery, is an art museum at 1285 Elmwood Avenue, Buffalo, New York, in Delaware Park. the museum's Elmwood Avenue campus is temporarily closed for construction. It hosted e ...

Buffalo, New York Buffalo is the list of cities in New York, second-largest city in the U.S. state of New York (state), New York (behind only New York City) and the seat of Erie County, New York, Erie County. It is at the eastern end of Lake Erie, at the head o ...

File:Henri Matisse, 1904, Nu (Carmelita), oil on canvas, 81.3 x 59 cm, Museum of Fine Arts, Boston.jpg, ''Nu (Carmelita)'', 1904,

Museum of Fine Arts, Boston The Museum of Fine Arts (often abbreviated as MFA Boston or MFA) is an art museum in Boston, Massachusetts. It is the 20th-largest art museum in the world, measured by public gallery area. It contains 8,161 paintings and more than 450,000 work ...

File:Matisse-Luxe.jpg, ''

'', 1904,

Musée d'Orsay The Musée d'Orsay ( , , ) ( en, Orsay Museum) is a museum in Paris, France, on the Left Bank of the Seine. It is housed in the former Gare d'Orsay, a Beaux-Arts railway station built between 1898 and 1900. The museum holds mainly French ar ...

, France File:Matisse Les toits.jpg, '' Landscape at Collioure'', 1905,

New York City New York, often called New York City or NYC, is the List of United States cities by population, most populous city in the United States. With a 2020 population of 8,804,190 distributed over , New York City is also the L ...

File:Matisse-Open-Window.jpg, ''The Open Window (Matisse), Open Window, Collioure'', 1905, National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C. Image:Matisse - Green Line.jpeg, ''Green Stripe, Portrait of Madame Matisse (The green line),'' 1905, Statens Museum for Kunst, Copenhagen, Denmark File:Bonheur Matisse.jpg, ''Le bonheur de vivre'', 1905–6, Barnes Foundation, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania File:Henri Matisse Self-Portrait in a Striped T-shirt (1906).jpg, ''Self-Portrait in a Striped T-shirt'' 1906, Statens Museum for Kunst, Copenhagen, Denmark Image:Young Sailor II.jpg, ''The Young Sailor II,'' 1906, Metropolitan Museum of Art,

File:Matisse - Vase, Bottle and Fruit (1906).jpg, ''Vase, Bottle and Fruit'', 1906,

, Russia File:Matisse Souvenir de Biskra.jpg, ''Blue Nude (Souvenir de Biskra), Blue Nude'', 1907,

, Baltimore, Maryland File:Henri Matisse, 1907, La coiffure, 116 x 89 cm, oil on canvas, Staatsgalerie, Stuttgart.jpg, ''La coiffure'', 1907, Staatsgalerie Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany File:Matisse.mme-matisse-madras.jpg, ''Madras Rouge'', ''The Red Turban'', 1907, Barnes Foundation, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
(Exhibited at the 1913 Armory Show) File:Henri Matisse, Le Luxe II, 1907–8, Distemper on canvas; 82 1-2 x 54 3-4 in. (209.5 x 138 cm), Statens Museum for Kunst, Copenhagen.jpg, ''Le Luxe II'', 1907–08, Statens Museum for Kunst, Copenhagen, Denmark File:Henri Matisse, 1907, Les trois baigneuses (Three Bathers), oil on canvas, 60.3 x 73 cm, The Minneapolis Institute of Arts.jpg, ''Les trois baigneuses (Three Bathers)'', 1907, Minneapolis Institute of Art, Minneapolis File:Bathers with a turtle.jpg, ''Bathers with a Turtle'', 1908, Saint Louis Art Museum, St. Louis File:Matisse - Game of Bowls.jpg, ''Game of Bowls,'' 1908,

, Russia File:Henri Matisse, 1909, La danse (I), Museum of Modern Art.jpg, ''Dance (Matisse), La Danse (first version),'' 1909,

File:Henri Matisse, 1909, Still Life with Dance, oil on canvas, 89.5 x 117.5 cm, Hermitage Museum, Saint Petersburg.jpg, ''Still Life with Dance'', 1909,

, Russia Image:Matissedance.jpg, ''Dance (Matisse), La Danse (second version),'' 1910,

, Russia File:Henri Matisse, 1910-12, Les Capucines (Nasturtiums with The Dance II), oil on canvas, 193 x 114 cm, Pushkin Museum.jpg, ''Les Capucines (Nasturtiums with The Dance II)'', 1910–12, Pushkin Museum, Moscow, Russia File:Matisse - Music.jpg, ''Music (Matisse), Music,'' 1910,

, Russia

Sculpture

File:Henri Matisse, 1900-1904, Le Serf (The Serf, Der Sklave), bronze.jpg, Henri Matisse, 1900–1904, ''Le Serf'' (''The Serf, Der Sklave''), bronze File:Henri Matisse, 1905, Sleep, wood, exhibition Blue Rose (Голубая Роза), 1907, location unknown.jpg, Henri Matisse, 1905, ''Sleep'', wood, exhibition Blue Rose (Голубая Роза), 1907, location unknown File:Henri Matisse, 1906-07, Nu couché, I (Reclining Nude, I), exhibited at Montross Gallery, New York, 1915.jpg, Henri Matisse, 1906–07, ''Nu couché, I'' (''Reclining Nude, I''), bronze, exhibited at Montross Gallery, New York, 1915 File:Henri Matisse, 1907, Awakening, plaster, exhibition Salon of the Golden Fleece (Салон Золотого Руна) 1908.jpg, Henri Matisse, 1907, ''Awakening'', plaster, exhibition Salon of the Golden Fleece (Салон Золотого Руна) 1908 File:Henri Matisse, 1908, Figure décorative, bronze.jpg, Henri Matisse, 1908, ''Figure décorative'', bronze

Gertrude Stein, Académie Matisse, and the Cone sisters

Around April 1906, Matisse met

, who was 11 years his junior.The Unknown Matisse, pp 352–553...
Radio National, ABC Radio National, 8 June 2005 The two became lifelong friends as well as rivals and are often compared. One key difference between them is that Matisse drew and painted from nature, while Picasso was more inclined to work from imagination. The subjects painted most frequently by both artists were women and

s, with Matisse more likely to place his figures in fully realised interiors. Matisse and Picasso were first brought together at the Paris salon (gathering), salon of Gertrude Stein with her partner Alice B. Toklas. During the first decade of the twentieth century, the Americans in Paris—Gertrude Stein, her brothers Leo Stein, Michael Stein, and Michael's wife Sarah Stein, Sarah—were important collectors and supporters of Matisse's paintings. In addition, Gertrude Stein's two American friends from Baltimore, the Cone sisters Claribel and Etta, became major patrons of Matisse and Picasso, collecting hundreds of their paintings and drawings. The Cone collection is now exhibited in the

. While numerous artists visited the Stein salon, many of these artists were not represented among the paintings on the walls at 27 rue de Fleurus. Where the works of Pierre-Auguste Renoir, Renoir, Cézanne, Matisse, and Picasso dominated Leo and Gertrude Stein's collection, Sarah Stein's collection particularly emphasised Matisse. Contemporaries of Leo and Gertrude Stein, Matisse and Picasso became part of their social circle and routinely joined the gatherings that took place on Saturday evenings at 27 rue de Fleurus. Gertrude attributed the beginnings of the Saturday evening salons to Matisse, remarking:

More and more frequently, people began visiting to see the Matisse paintings—and the Cézannes: Matisse brought people, everybody brought somebody, and they came at any time and it began to be a nuisance, and it was in this way that Saturday evenings began.

Among Pablo Picasso's acquaintances who also frequented the Saturday evenings were Fernande Olivier (Picasso's mistress),

, the poets Max Jacob and

, Marie Laurencin (Apollinaire's mistress and an artist in her own right), and Henri Rousseau. His friends organized and financed the ''Académie Matisse'' in Paris, a private and non-commercial school in which Matisse instructed young artists. It operated from 1907 until 1911. The initiative for the academy came from the Steins and the Le Dôme Café#Dômiers, Dômiers, with the involvement of Hans Purrmann, Patrick Henry Bruce, and Sarah Stein. Matisse spent seven months in

from 1912 to 1913, producing about 24 paintings and numerous drawings. His frequent orientalism, orientalist topics of later paintings, such as odalisques, can be traced to this period. Henri Matisse and goldfish, Goldfish in aquariums also became a frequently recurring theme in Matisse's art following his trip to Morocco.

Selected works: Paris, 1910–1917

File:Matisse518.jpg, ''Still Life with Geraniums,'' 1910, Pinakothek der Moderne, Munich, Germany File:Atelier rouge matisse 1.jpg, ''

'', 1911,

, New York City File:Matisse Conversation.jpg, ''The Conversation (painting), The Conversation,'' c.1911, The Hermitage Museum, Hermitage,

, Russia File:Henri Matisse, 1911-12, La Fenêtre à Tanger (Paysage vu d'une fenêtre Landscape viewed from a window, Tangiers), oil on canvas, 115 x 80 cm, Pushkin Museum.jpg, ''Window at Tangier,'' 1911–12, The Pushkin Museum of Fine Arts, Moscow File:Zorah on the Terrace.jpg, ''Zorah on the Terrace'', 1912, The Pushkin Museum of Fine Arts, Moscow, Russia File:Matisse Riffian.jpg, ''Le Rifain assis'', 1912–13, 200 × 160 cm. Barnes Foundation File:Henri Matisse, 1913, Portrait of the Artist's Wife, oil on canvas, 146 x 97.7 cm, Hermitage, Saint Petersburg.jpg, ''Portrait of the Artist's Wife'', 1913,

, Saint Petersburg File:Henri Matisse, 1913, La glace sans tain (The Blue Window), oil on canvas, 130.8 x 90.5 cm, Museum of Modern Art.jpg, ''La glace sans tain'' (''The Blue Window''), 1913,

File:Matisse Woman on a high stool.jpg, ''Woman on a High Stool,'' 1914,

, New York City File:Henri Matisse - View of Notre Dame. Paris, quai Saint-Michel, spring 1914.jpg, ''View of Notre-Dame,'' 1914,

File:Henri Matisse, 1914, Les poissons rouges (Interior with a Goldfish Bowl), oil on canvas, 147 x 97 cm, Centre Georges Pompidou, Paris.jpg, ''Les poissons rouges (Interior with a Goldfish Bowl)'', Musée National d'Art Moderne, Centre Georges Pompidou, Paris File:Porte-Fenetre a Collioure 1914.jpg, ''French Window at Collioure'', 1914. Musée National d'Art Moderne, Paris File:Yellow Curtain.jpg, ''Le rideau jaune, The Yellow Curtain,'' 1915,

, New York File:Henri Matisse, 1916-17, Auguste Pellerin II, oil on canvas, 150.2 x 96.2 cm, Centre Georges Pompidou, Paris.jpg, ''Auguste Pellerin II'', 1916–17, Musée National d'Art Moderne, Paris File:Henri Matisse, 1916-17, Le Peintre dans son atelier (The Painter and His Model), oil on canvas, 146.5 x 97 cm, Musée National d'Art Moderne, Centre Georges Pompidou, Paris.jpg, ''The Painter and His Model (Le Peintre dans son atelier)'', 1916–17, Musée National d'Art Moderne, Paris File:Henri Matisse, 1917, Three Sisters and The Rose Marble Table (Les Trois sœurs à La Table de marbre rose), oil on canvas, 194.3 x 96.2 cm, Barnes Foundation, Philadelphia.jpg, ''Three Sisters and The Rose Marble Table (Les Trois sœurs à La Table de marbre rose)'', 1917, Barnes Foundation, Philadelphia File:Henri Matisse, 1917, Portrait de famille (The Music Lesson), oil on canvas, 245.1 x 210.8 cm, Barnes Foundation.jpg, ''Portrait de famille (The Music Lesson)'', 1917, oil on canvas, 245.1 x 210.8 cm, Barnes Foundation

After Paris

In 1917, Matisse relocated to Cimiez on the

, a suburb of the city of

. His work of the decade or so following this relocation shows a relaxation and softening of his approach. This "return to order" is characteristic of much post-World War I art, and can be compared with the neoclassicism of Picasso and Igor Stravinsky, Stravinsky as well as the return to traditionalism of André Derain, Derain. Matisse's orientalism, orientalist odalisque paintings are characteristic of the period; while this work was popular, some contemporary critics found it shallow and decorative. In the late 1920s, Matisse once again engaged in active collaborations with other artists. He worked with not only Frenchmen, Dutch, Germans, and Spaniards, but also a few Americans and recent American immigrants. After 1930, a new vigor and bolder simplification appeared in his work. American art collector Albert C. Barnes convinced Matisse to produce a large mural for the Barnes Foundation, ''The Dance II'', which was completed in 1932; the Foundation owns several dozen other Matisse paintings. This move toward simplification and a foreshadowing of the cut-out technique is also evident in his painting ''Large Reclining Nude'' (1935). Matisse worked on this painting for several months and documented the progress with a series of 22 photographs, which he sent to Etta Cone.

World War II years

Matisse's wife Amélie, who suspected that he was having an affair with her young Russian emigre companion, Lydia Delectorskaya, ended their 41-year marriage in July 1939, dividing their possessions equally between them. Delectorskaya attempted suicide by shooting herself in the chest; remarkably, she survived with no serious after-effects, and returned to Matisse and worked with him for the rest of his life, running his household, paying the bills, typing his correspondence, keeping meticulous records, assisting in the studio, and coordinating his business affairs. Matisse was visiting Paris when the Nazis invaded France in June 1940, but managed to make his way back to Nice. His son, Pierre, by then a gallery owner in New York, begged him to flee while he could. Matisse was about to depart for Brazil to escape the occupation of France but changed his mind and remained in Nice, in Vichy France. "It seemed to me as if I would be deserting," he wrote Pierre in September 1940. "If everyone who has any value leaves France, what remains of France?". Although he was never a member of the resistance, it became a point of pride to the occupied French that one of their most acclaimed artists chose to stay, though of course, being non-Jewish, he had that option. While the Nazis occupied France from 1940 to 1944, they were more lenient in their attacks on "degenerate art" in Paris than they were in the German-speaking nations under their military dictatorship. Matisse was allowed to exhibit along with other former Fauves and Cubists whom Hitler had initially claimed to despise, though without any Jewish artists, all of whose works had been purged from all French museums and galleries; any French artists exhibiting in France had to sign an oath assuring their "Aryan" status—including Matisse. He also worked as a graphic artist and produced black-and-white illustrations for several books and over one hundred original lithographs at the Mourlot Studios in Paris. In 1941, Matisse was diagnosed with duodenal cancer. The surgery, while successful, resulted in serious complications from which he nearly died. Being bedridden for three months resulted in his developing a new art form using paper and scissors. That same year, a nursing student named Monique Bourgeois responded to an advertisement placed by Matisse for a nurse. A platonic friendship developed between Matisse and Bourgeois. He discovered that she was an amateur artist and taught her about perspective. After Bourgeois left the position to join a convent in 1944, Matisse sometimes contacted her to request that she model for him. Bourgeois became a Dominican Order, Dominican nun in 1946, and Matisse painted a chapel in Vence, a small town he moved to in 1943, in her honor. Matisse remained for the most part isolated in southern France throughout the war but his family was intimately involved with the French resistance. His son Pierre, the art dealer in New York, helped the Jewish and anti-Nazi French artists he represented to escape occupied France and enter the United States. In 1942, Pierre held an exhibition in New York, "Artists in Exile," which was to become legendary. Matisse's estranged wife, Amélie, was a typist for the French Underground and jailed for six months. Matisse was shocked when he heard that his daughter Marguerite, who had been active in the Résistance during the war, was tortured (almost to death) by the Gestapo in a Rennes prison and sentenced to the Ravensbrück concentration camp in Germany. Marguerite managed to escape from the train to Ravensbrück, which was halted during an Allied air raid; she survived in the woods in the chaos of the closing days of the war until rescued by fellow resisters. Matisse's student Rudolf Levy was killed in the Auschwitz concentration camp in 1944.

Final years

Cut-outs

Diagnosed with abdominal cancer in 1941, Matisse underwent surgery that left him reliant on a wheelchair and often bedbound. Painting and sculpture had become physical challenges, so he turned to a new type of medium. With the help of his assistants, he began creating cut paper collages, or decoupage. He would cut sheets of paper, pre-painted with gouache by his assistants, into shapes of varying colours and sizes, and arrange them to form lively compositions. Initially, these pieces were modest in size, but eventually transformed into murals or room-sized works. The result was a distinct and dimensional complexity—an art form that was not quite painting, but not quite sculpture. He called the last fourteen years of his life “une seconde vie,” meaning his second life. When talking about his work, Matisse mentioned that, while his mobility was limited, he could wander through gardens in the form of his artwork. Although the paper cut-out was Matisse's major medium in the final decade of his life, his first recorded use of the technique was in 1919 during the design of decor for the ''Le chant du rossignol'', an opera composed by Igor Stravinsky. Albert C. Barnes arranged for cardboard templates to be made of the unusual dimensions of the walls onto which Matisse, in his studio in Nice, fixed the composition of painted paper shapes. Another group of cut-outs were made between 1937 and 1938, while Matisse was working on the stage sets and costumes for Sergei Diaghilev's Ballets Russes. However, it was only after his operation that, bedridden, Matisse began to develop the cut-out technique as its own form, rather than its prior utilitarian origin.
He moved to the hilltop of Vence, Vence, France in 1943, where he produced his first major cut-out project for his artist's book titled ''Jazz (Henri Matisse), Jazz''. However, these cut-outs were conceived as designs for stencil prints to be looked at in the book, rather than as independent pictorial works. At this point, Matisse still thought of the cut-outs as separate from his principal art form. His new understanding of this medium unfolds with the 1946 introduction for ''Jazz''. After summarizing his career, Matisse refers to the possibilities the cut-out technique offers, insisting "An artist must never be a prisoner of himself, prisoner of a style, prisoner of a reputation, prisoner of success…"
The number of independently conceived cut-outs steadily increased following ''Jazz'', and eventually led to the creation of mural-size works, such as ''Oceania the Sky'' and ''Oceania the Sea'' of 1946. Under Matisse's direction, Lydia Delectorskaya, his studio assistant, loosely pinned the silhouettes of birds, fish, and marine vegetation directly onto the walls of the room. The two Oceania pieces, his first cut-outs of this scale, evoked a trip to Tahiti he made years before. In May 1954, his cut out The Sheaf was exhibited at the Salon de Mai and met with success. The artwork was a commission for American collectors Mr and Mrs Brody and the cut out was then adpated to a ceramic for their house in Los Angeles. It is now located in the Los Angeles County Museum of Art.

Chapel and museum

In 1948, Matisse began to prepare designs for the Chapelle du Rosaire de Vence, which allowed him to expand this technique within a truly decorative context. The experience of designing the chapel windows, chasubles, and tabernacle door—all planned using the cut-out method—had the effect of consolidating the medium as his primary focus. Finishing his last painting in 1951 (and final sculpture the year before), Matisse utilized the paper cut-out as his sole medium for expression up until his death.
This project was the result of the close friendship between Matisse and Bourgeois, now Sister Jacques-Marie, despite him being an atheist. They had met again in Vence and started the collaboration, a story related in her 1992 book ''Henri Matisse: La Chapelle de Vence'' and in the 2003 documentary "A Model for Matisse". In 1952, he established a museum dedicated to his work, the Matisse Museum (Le Cateau), Matisse Museum in Le Cateau, and this museum is now the third-largest collection of Matisse works in France. According to David Rockefeller, Matisse's final work was the design for a stained-glass window installed at the Union Church of Pocantico Hills near the Rockefeller estate north of New York City. "It was his final artistic creation; the maquette was on the wall of his bedroom when he died in November of 1954", Rockefeller writes. Installation was completed in 1956.

Death

Matisse died of a heart attack at the age of 84 on 3 November 1954. He is buried in the cemetery of the Monastère Notre Dame de Cimiez, in the Cimiez neighbourhood of Nice.

Legacy

The first painting of Matisse acquired by a public collection was ''Still Life with Geraniums'' (1910), exhibited in the Pinakothek der Moderne.Butler, Desmond
"Art/Architecture; A Home for the Modern In a Time-Bound City"
''The New York Times'', 10 November 2002. Retrieved 25 December 2007. His ''The Plum Blossoms'' (1948) was purchased on 8 September 2005 for the

by Henry Kravis and the new president of the museum, Marie-Josée Drouin. Estimated price was US$25 million. Previously, it had not been seen by the public since 1970. In 2002, a Matisse sculpture, ''Reclining Nude I (Dawn),'' sold for US$9.2 million, a record for a sculpture by the artist. Matisse's daughter Marguerite often aided Matisse scholars with insights about his working methods and his works. She died in 1982 while compiling a catalogue of her father's work. Matisse's son Pierre Matisse (1900–1989) opened a modern art gallery in New York City during the 1930s. The Pierre Matisse Gallery, which was active from 1931 until 1989, represented and exhibited many European artists and a few Americans and Canadians in New York often for the first time. He exhibited Joan Miró, Marc Chagall, Alberto Giacometti, Jean Dubuffet,

, Yves Tanguy, Le Corbusier, Paul Delvaux, Wifredo Lam, Jean-Paul Riopelle, Balthus, Leonora Carrington, Zao Wou Ki, Sam Francis, and Simon Hantaï, sculptors Theodore Roszak (artist), Theodore Roszak, Raymond Mason (sculptor), Raymond Mason, and Reg Butler, and several other important artists, including the work of Henri Matisse. Henri Matisse's grandson Paul Matisse is an artist and inventor living in Massachusetts. Matisse's great-granddaughter Sophie Matisse is active as an artist. Les Heritiers Matisse functions as his official Estate. The U.S. copyright representative for Les Heritiers Matisse is the Artists Rights Society. The Musée Matisse (Nice), Musée Matisse in Nice, a municipal museum, has one of the world's largest collections of Matisse's works, tracing his artistic beginnings and his evolution through to his last works. The museum, which opened in 1963, is located in the Villa des Arènes, a seventeenth-century villa in the neighbourhood of Cimiez.

Nazi-looted art

Numerous artworks by Matisse were seized by the Nazis or looted from Jewish collectors or changed hands in forced sales during the Nazi years. In the past twenty years, several artworks by Matisse have been restituted to the heirs of their pre-Third Reich owners, including '' Le Mur Rose'', from France's Centre Georges Pompidou, Pompidou Museum to the heirs of Henry Fuld, "''Femme Assise",'' discovered in the stash of Hildebrand Gurlitt's son in Munich, ''La vallée de la Stour,'' which had belonged to ''Anna Jaffé,'' found in the La Chaux-de-Fonds Museum and many others. The German Lost Art Foundation lists 38 artworks by Matisse in the Lost Art Internet Database.

Recent exhibitions

''Henri Matisse: The Cut-Outs'' was exhibited at London's Tate Modern, from April to September 2014. The show was the largest and most extensive of the cut-outs ever mounted, including approximately 100 paper maquettes—borrowed from international public and private collections—as well as a selection of related drawings, prints, illustrated books, stained glass, and textiles. In total, the retrospective featured 130 works encompassing his practice from 1937 to 1954. The Tate Modern show was the first in its history to attract more than half a million people. The show then traveled to New York's

, where it was on display through 10 February 2015. The newly conserved cut-out, ''The Swimming Pool'', which had been off view for more than 20 years prior, returned to the galleries as the centerpiece of the exhibition.

Partial list of works

* ''Woman Reading'' (1894), Musée National d'Art Moderne Paris * '' Le Mur Rose'' (1898), Musée National d'Art Moderne * ''Canal du Midi'' (1898), Thyssen-Bornemisza Museum * ''Notre-Dame, une fin d'après-midi'' (1902), Albright-Knox Art Gallery,

* ''Luxe, Calme, et Volupté'' (1904), Musée National d'Art Moderne * ''Green Stripe'' (1905) * ''The Open Window (Matisse), The Open Window'' (1905) * '' Woman with a Hat'' (1905) * ''Les toits de Collioure'' (1905) * '' Landscape at Collioure'' (1905) * ''Le bonheur de vivre'' (1906) * ''The Young Sailor II'' (1906) * ''Self-Portrait in a Striped T-shirt'' (1906) * ''Madras Rouge'' (1907) * ''Blue Nude (Souvenir de Biskra), Blue Nude'' (1907),

* ''The Dessert: Harmony in Red (The Red Room)'' (1908) * ''Bathers with a Turtle'' (1908), Saint Louis Art Museum, Missouri * '' La Danse'' (1909) * ''Still Life with Geraniums'' (1910) * ''

'' (1911) * ''The Conversation (painting), The Conversation'' (1908–1912) * ''Zorah on the Terrace'' (1912) * ''Goldfish (Matisse), Goldfish'' (1912) * ''Le Rifain assis'' (1912) * ''Window at Tangier'' (1912) * ''Le rideau jaune (the yellow curtain)'' (1915) * ''The Window'' (1916), Detroit Institute of Arts, Michigan * ''The Painter and His Model'' (1916–17) * ''The Windshield, On the Road to Villacoublay'' (1917), Cleveland Museum of Art * ''La leçon de musique'' (1917) * ''Interior A Nice'' (1920) * ''Festival of Flowers, Nice'' (1923), Cleveland Museum of Art * ''Odalisque with Raised Arms'' (1923), National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C. * ''Yellow Odalisque'' (1926) * ''The Dance II'' (1932), triptych mural (45 ft by 15 ft) in the Barnes Foundation of Philadelphia * ''Robe violette et Anémones'' (1937) * ''Woman in a Purple Coat'' (1937) * ''Le Rêve de 1940'' ''(the dream of 1940)'' (1940) * ''La Blouse Roumaine'' (1940) * ''Interior with an Etruscan Vase'' (1940), Cleveland Museum of Art * ''Le Lanceur De Couteaux'' (1943) * ''Annelies, White Tulips and Anemones'' (1944), Honolulu Museum of Art * ''L'Asie'' (1946) * ''Deux fillettes, fond jaune et rouge'' (1947) * ''Jazz (Henri Matisse), Jazz'' (1947) * ''The Plum Blossoms'' (1948) * Chapelle du Saint-Marie du Rosaire (1948–1951) * ''Beasts of the Sea'' (1950) * ''Facial-maschera (red), Facial-maschera'' (1951) * ''The Sorrows of the King'' (1952) * ''Black Leaf on Green Background'' (1952) * ''La Négresse'' (1952) * ''Blue Nude II'' (1952) * ''The Snail'' (1953) * ''Le Bateau'' (1954) This gouache created a minor stir when the MoMA mistakenly upside-down painting, displayed it upside-down for 47 days in 1961.

Illustrations

* Jean Cocteau, Bertrand Guégan (1892–1943); ''L'almanach de Cocagne pour l'an 1920–1922, Dédié aux vrais Gourmands Et aux Francs Buveurs''

Writings

* ''Notes of a Painter'' ("Note d'un peintre"), 1908 * ''Painter's Notes on Drawing'' ("Notes d'un peintre sur son dessin"), July 1939 * ''Jazz (Henri Matisse), Jazz'', 1947 * ''Matisse on Art'', collected by Jack D. Flam, 1973, * ''Chatting with Henri Matisse: The Lost 1941 Interview'', Getty Publications, 2013,

Portrayal in media and literature

Film dramatisations * A film called ''Masterpiece'', about the artist and his relationship with Monique Bourgeois, was proposed in 2011. Deepa Mehta intended to direct with Al Pacino to play Henri Matisse. * Matisse was played by Yves-Antoine Spoto in the 2011 film ''Midnight in Paris''. * Matisse was portrayed by Joss Ackland in the 1996 Merchant Ivory production of ''Surviving Picasso''. Exhibition on screen * The

's Matisse retrospective was part of the film series "Exhibition on Screen", which broadcasts productions to movie theaters. * The film ''Matisse From MoMA and Tate Modern'' combines high-definition footage of the galleries with commentary from curators, museum administrators and, through narration of words from the past, Matisse himself. "We want to show the exhibition as well as we possibly can to the audience who can’t get there", said director Phil Grabsky. Inspired by a similar "event cinema" produced by the Met, Grabsky started his series to simulate the experience of strolling through an art exhibit. Literature * The Ray Bradbury short story "The Vintage Bradbury, The Watchful Poker Chip of H. Matisse" contains an allusion to the artist painting an eye on a poker chip for an American man to use as a monocle. * In Michael Ondaatje's ''Running in the Family (memoir), Running in the Family'', there is a section called 'Don't talk to me about Matisse' * In Henry Miller's ''Tropic of Cancer (novel), Tropic of Cancer'' there are multiple pages lionizing the works and importance of "the bright sage" Matisse, his hero. Music * The British composer Peter Seabourne wrote a septet "The Sadness of the King" (2007) inspired by the late paper cut ''The Sorrows of the King, La Tristesse du Roi''.

References

Notes

Bibliography

* . . * * * * * * * * * * * *

External links

Matisse and his Cats

Footage of Henri Matisse in Vence, France working on the New Chapel of Vence

Henri Matisse: Life and Work
500 hi-res images *
Musée Matisse Nice

Gelett Burgess, "The Wild Men of Paris, Matisse, Picasso and Les Fauves", ''Architectural Record'', 1910''Documenting the Gilded Age: New York City Exhibitions at the Turn of the 20th Century''
A New York Art Resources Consortium project. Matisse exhibition catalog, and photoarchive file of ''Young Sailor II''. *
Barnes Foundation, Philadelphia
{{DEFAULTSORT:Matisse, Henri Henri Matisse, 1869 births 1954 deaths 19th-century French painters 19th-century French sculptors 19th-century French male artists 20th-century French painters 20th-century French male artists 20th-century French sculptors Académie Julian alumni Fauvism French atheists French male painters French male sculptors French printmakers Matisse family, Henri Modern painters Orientalist painters People from Le Cateau-Cambrésis Post-impressionist painters School of Paris

Early life and education

Early paintings

Fauvism

Selected works: Paris, 1901–1910

Sculpture

Gertrude Stein, Académie Matisse, and the Cone sisters

Selected works: Paris, 1910–1917

After Paris

World War II years

Final years

Cut-outs

Chapel and museum

Death

Legacy

Nazi-looted art

Recent exhibitions

Partial list of works

Illustrations

Writings

Portrayal in media and literature

References

Notes

Bibliography

Further reading

External links