Marthinus Wessel Pretorius (17 September 1819 – 19 May 1901) was a South African political leader. An
Afrikaner
Afrikaners () are a South African ethnic group descended from predominantly Dutch settlers first arriving at the Cape of Good Hope in the 17th and 18th centuries.Entry: Cape Colony. ''Encyclopædia Britannica Volume 4 Part 2: Brain to Cast ...
(or "Boer"), he helped establish the
South African Republic
The South African Republic ( nl, Zuid-Afrikaansche Republiek, abbreviated ZAR; af, Suid-Afrikaanse Republiek), also known as the Transvaal Republic, was an independent Boer Republic in Southern Africa which existed from 1852 to 1902, when i ...
(''Zuid-Afrikaansche Republiek'' or ZAR; also referred to as Transvaal), was the first president of the ZAR, and also compiled its constitution.
He was born in
Cape Colony
The Cape Colony ( nl, Kaapkolonie), also known as the Cape of Good Hope, was a British colony in present-day South Africa named after the Cape of Good Hope, which existed from 1795 to 1802, and again from 1806 to 1910, when it united with ...
, then accompanied his father, the
Voortrekker
The Great Trek ( af, Die Groot Trek; nl, De Grote Trek) was a Northward migration of Dutch-speaking settlers who travelled by wagon trains from the Cape Colony into the interior of modern South Africa from 1836 onwards, seeking to live beyo ...
leader
Andries Pretorius
Andries Wilhelmus Jacobus Pretorius (27 November 179823 July 1853) was a leader of the Boers who was instrumental in the creation of the South African Republic, as well as the earlier but short-lived Natalia Republic, in present-day South Afric ...
in the migration to the interior.
After the death of his father in 1853, he was appointed to succeed him as Commandant-General of the Boer settlers around the city of
Potchefstroom
Potchefstroom (, colloquially known as Potch) is an academic city in the North West Province of South Africa. It hosts the Potchefstroom Campus of the North-West University. Potchefstroom is on the Mooi Rivier ( Afrikaans for "pretty ri ...
and moved from his farm, Kalkheuwel, near
Broederstroom, to Potchefstroom. He was Commandant-General of Potchefstroom from 1853 through 1856.
Political offices
In 1857, the nascent ZAR elected Pretorius as its first President. However, in 1859, in an effort to create closer bonds with the
Orange Free State
The Orange Free State ( nl, Oranje Vrijstaat; af, Oranje-Vrystaat;) was an independent Boer sovereign republic under British suzerainty in Southern Africa during the second half of the 19th century, which ceased to exist after it was defeat ...
, he also became
State President of the Orange Free State
This is a list of State Presidents of the Orange Free State.
List
Last election
See also
* State President of the South African Republic
External links
Archontology.org: Orange Free State: Heads of State: 1854–1902
{{DEFAULTSORT:Sta ...
. This created tension in the ZAR, and in 1860, he resigned as President of the ZAR. After serving as President of the Orange Free State until 1863, Pretorius was re-elected President of the ZAR in 1864, and served a second term until 1871.
[ Pretorius also served as joint head of state (in the "triumvirate") between 1880 and 1883.][
He died on 19 May 1901 at Potchefstroom.][
Pretorius was an important South African Freemason.]
Founding of the city of Pretoria
In an endeavour to establish a new town, he bought two farms named Elandspoort and Daspoort between 1854 and 1855, on which he founded the city of Pretoria
Pretoria () is South Africa's administrative capital, serving as the seat of the executive branch of government, and as the host to all foreign embassies to South Africa.
Pretoria straddles the Apies River and extends eastward into the foothi ...
in 1855.
Ds. van der Hoff originally named the first church congregation in this area Pretoria Philadelphia (Pretorius Friendship), in honour of Pretorius' father. Later, the town took on the shortened name of Pretoria.
Five years later the capital of the ZAR was moved from Potchefstroom to Pretoria.
References
{{DEFAULTSORT:Pretorius, Marthinus Wessel
Presidents of the South African Republic
State Presidents of the Orange Free State
1819 births
1901 deaths
Afrikaner people
People from the Eastern Cape
South African people of Dutch descent
South African Republic politicians
1850s in the South African Republic
1860s in the South African Republic
1860s in Transvaal
1880s in Transvaal
19th-century South African people
History of Pretoria
South African Freemasons
City founders