Marin Stoyanov Drinov ( bg, Марин Стоянов Дринов, russian: Марин Степанович Дринов; 20 October 1838 - 13 March 1906) was a

Bulgaria Bulgaria (; bg, България, Bǎlgariya), officially the Republic of Bulgaria,, ) is a country in Southeast Europe. It is situated on the eastern flank of the Balkans, and is bordered by Romania to the north, Serbia and North Macedo ...

n historian and

philologist Philology () is the study of language in oral and written historical sources; it is the intersection of textual criticism, literary criticism, history, and linguistics (with especially strong ties to etymology). Philology is also defined as th ...

from the National Revival period who lived and worked in Russia through most of his life. He was one of the originators of Bulgarian historiography. Drinov was a founding member of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences (then the Bulgarian Literary Society), as well as its first chairman.

Biography

Drinov was born in

Panagyurishte Panagyurishte ( bg, Панагюрище, also transliterated ''Panagjurište'', ) is a town in Pazardzhik Province, Southern Bulgaria, situated in a small valley in the Sredna Gora mountains. It is 91 km east of Sofia, 43 km north of P ...

in 1838. He left for Russia in 1858 to continue his education. He studied history and philology in Kiev and at the

Moscow State University M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University (MSU; russian: Московский государственный университет имени М. В. Ломоносова) is a public research university in Moscow, Russia and the most prestigious ...

, traveled and worked in

Austria Austria, , bar, Östareich officially the Republic of Austria, is a country in the southern part of Central Europe, lying in the Eastern Alps. It is a federation of nine states, one of which is the capital, Vienna, the most populous ...

and

Italy Italy ( it, Italia ), officially the Italian Republic, ) or the Republic of Italy, is a country in Southern Europe. It is located in the middle of the Mediterranean Sea, and its territory largely coincides with the homonymous geographical ...

between 1865 and 1871. In 1869, he became one of the co-founders and an active member of the Bulgarian Literary Society. Drinov achieved a master's degree and became a reader of

Slavistics Slavic (American English) or Slavonic (British English) studies, also known as Slavistics is the academic field of area studies concerned with Slavic areas, languages, literature, history, and culture. Originally, a Slavist or Slavicist was prim ...

Kharkiv University The Kharkiv University or Karazin University ( uk, Каразінський університет), or officially V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University ( uk, Харківський національний університет імені ...

, beginning to work as a regular professor at the end of 1876. Marin Drinov's Grave - Sofia Central Cemetery

During the period of Russian government of Bulgaria (1878 - 1879) Drinov was Minister of Popular Enlightenment and Spiritual Affairs. Taking an active part in the organization of the newly liberated Bulgarian state, Marin Drinov is known as one of the authors of the

Tarnovo Constitution The Tarnovo Constitution ( bg, Търновска конституция) was the first constitution of Bulgaria. It was adopted on 16 April 1879 ( O.S.) by the Constituent National Assembly held in Veliko Tarnovo as part of the establishment of ...

, the person to have proposed

Sofia Sofia ( ; bg, София, Sofiya, ) is the capital and largest city of Bulgaria. It is situated in the Sofia Valley at the foot of the Vitosha mountain in the western parts of the country. The city is built west of the Iskar river, and h ...

instead of

Tarnovo Veliko Tarnovo ( bg, Велико Търново, Veliko Tărnovo, ; "Great Tarnovo") is a town in north central Bulgaria and the administrative centre of Veliko Tarnovo Province. Often referred as the "''City of the Tsars''", Veliko Tarnovo ...

(favored by Austrian diplomats) for the new Bulgarian capital and the person to have introduced the standardized 32-letter edition of Cyrillic that was used in Bulgaria until the orthographic reform of 1945. He played a decisive role in the standardization of the Bulgarian language. As early as 1870 he rejected Shapkarev's proposal for a mixed eastern and western Bulgarian/Macedonian foundation of the standard language, stating in his article in the newspaper Makedoniya: "Such an artificial assembly of written language is something impossible, unattainable and never heard of." This position of Drinov has been criticized by some modern Bulgarian linguists as Blagoy Shklifov. The first orthography of the standard Bulgarian language, established with a decree of the Minister of Education Todor Ivanchov in 1899, is attributed to Drinov. Bulgarian language underwent three orthographic reforms since: in 1921,

1923 Events January–February * January 9 – Lithuania begins the Klaipėda Revolt to annex the Klaipėda Region (Memel Territory). * January 11 – Despite strong British protests, troops from France and Belgium occupy the Ruhr area, t ...

and

1945 1945 marked the end of World War II and the fall of Nazi Germany and the Empire of Japan. It is also the only year in which Nuclear weapon, nuclear weapons Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, have been used in combat. Events Below, ...

. Drinov lived in

Kharkiv Kharkiv ( uk, wikt:Харків, Ха́рків, ), also known as Kharkov (russian: Харькoв, ), is the second-largest List of cities in Ukraine, city and List of hromadas of Ukraine, municipality in Ukraine.tuberculosis Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease usually caused by '' Mycobacterium tuberculosis'' (MTB) bacteria. Tuberculosis generally affects the lungs, but it can also affect other parts of the body. Most infections show no symptoms, i ...

Honours

Drinov Peak Drinov Peak ( bg, Дринов връх, Drinov Vrah, ) is a peak rising to 1630 m in Imeon Range on Smith Island, South Shetland Islands. Situated 3.6 km north-northeast of Antim Peak, 1.9 km north of Slatina Peak, 2.91 km east- ...

on Smith Island,

South Shetland Islands The South Shetland Islands are a group of Antarctic islands with a total area of . They lie about north of the Antarctic Peninsula, and between southwest of the nearest point of the South Orkney Islands. By the Antarctic Treaty of 1 ...

is named after Marin Drinov. Two awards of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences are named after Marin Drinov.

Notes

Literature

Дринов, М. Поглед върху произхождението на българския народ и началото на българската история. Пловдив-Русчук-Велес, 1869Дринов, М. Исторически преглед на Българската църква от самото ѝ начало и до днес. Виена, 1869
* ''Заселение Балканскаго полуострова славянами'' (1872) * ''Южные славяне и Византия в Х веке'' (1876)
Дринов, М. Новый церковно-славянский памятник с упоминанием о славянских первоучителях. – Журнал Министерства Народного Просвящения, Ч. 238. Санкт-Петербург, 1885, 174-206 (отд. отп.)

Дринов, М. О некоторых трудах Димитрия Хоматиана, как историческом материале. I. – Византийский временник, Т. I (1894), 319-340

Дринов, М. О некоторых трудах Димитрия Хоматиана, как историческом материале. II. – Византийский временник, Т. II (1895), 1-23

Дринов, М. Съчинения. Т. III. С., 1915
* Дринов, М. ''Избрани съчинения''. Т. I-II. Под ред. на Иван Дуйчев, София, 1971

Bibliography

*
Сборниче за юбилея на професора Марин С. Дринов 1869-1899. Нареди и издаде Българското книжовно дружество в София. С., 1900
* ''Изследвания в чест на Марин Стоянов Дринов''. София, 1960. * ''Кирило-Методиевска енциклопедия''. Т. I. София, 1985, 614-616. * Gjuzelev, V. ''Marin Drinov (1838-1906) - Begründer der bulgarischen Slawistik und Mediävistik'', Palaeobulgarica, XVII (1993), № 4, 107-126.

External links

* * * {{DEFAULTSORT:Drinov, Marin 1838 births 1906 deaths Members of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Corresponding members of the Saint Petersburg Academy of Sciences Bulgarian philologists 19th-century Bulgarian historians 20th-century deaths from tuberculosis People from Panagyurishte Imperial Moscow University alumni Tuberculosis deaths in Ukraine