There are currently about 65 species of mammals in Singapore. Since the

founding years of modern Singapore The establishment of a British trading post in Singapore in 1819 by Stamford Raffles, Sir Stamford Raffles led to its founding as a British Empire, British colony in 1824. This event has generally been understood to mark the founding of Singapo ...

in 1819, over 90 species have been recorded, including

megafauna In zoology, megafauna (from Ancient Greek, Greek μέγας ''megas'' "large" and Neo-Latin ''fauna'' "animal life") are large animals. The precise definition of the term varies widely, though a common threshold is approximately , this lower en ...

such as tigers, leopards and

sambar deer The sambar (''Rusa unicolor'') is a large deer native to the Indian subcontinent, South China and Southeast Asia that is listed as a vulnerable species on the IUCN Red List since 2008. Populations have declined substantially due to severe huntin ...

. Most of these have since become locally extinct largely due to rapid urban development, with occasional large

mammal A mammal () is a vertebrate animal of the Class (biology), class Mammalia (). Mammals are characterised by the presence of milk-producing mammary glands for feeding their young, a broad neocortex region of the brain, fur or hair, and three ...

s such as Asian elephants swimming across the

Straits of Johor The Johor Strait (also known as the Tebrau Strait, Straits of Johor, Selat Johor, Selat Tebrau, and Tebrau Reach, also spelled Johore Strait) is an international strait in Southeast Asia, between Singapore and Peninsular Malaysia. Geography ...

from

Johor Johor, also spelled Johore,'' is a States and federal territories of Malaysia, state of Malaysia in the south of the Malay Peninsula. It borders with Pahang, Malacca and Negeri Sembilan to the north. Johor has maritime borders with Singapore ...

Malaysia Malaysia is a country in Southeast Asia. Featuring the Tanjung Piai, southernmost point of continental Eurasia, it is a federation, federal constitutional monarchy consisting of States and federal territories of Malaysia, 13 states and thre ...

. Many surviving species have critically low population numbers, the most seriously endangered being the cream-coloured giant squirrel, last sighted in 1995 and now possibly extirpated. The

Raffles' banded langur The Raffles' banded langur (''Presbytis femoralis''), also known as the banded leaf monkey or banded surili, is a species of primate in the family Cercopithecidae. It is endemic to Singapore and southern Peninsular Malaysia. The species underwen ...

is also down to around 60 individuals. However, some species have been rediscovered in more remote parts of the country, such as the Malayan porcupine which was detected on

Pulau Tekong Pulau Tekong (Singapore English pronunciation: ), also known colloquially as Tekong or Tekong Island, is the second-largest of Singapore's outlying islands after Jurong Island. Tekong is located off Singapore's northeastern coast, east of P ...

in 2005, and the greater mouse-deer on

Pulau Ubin Pulau Ubin (), also simply known as Ubin, is an island situated in the north east of Singapore, to the west of Pulau Tekong. The granite quarry used to be supported by a few thousand settlers on Pulau Ubin in the 1960s, but only about 40 vill ...

in 2009. The most commonly seen native mammals are the

crab-eating macaque The crab-eating macaque (''Macaca fascicularis''), also known as the long-tailed macaque or cynomolgus macaque, is a cercopithecine primate native to Southeast Asia. As a synanthropic species, the crab-eating macaque thrives near human settlem ...

and

plantain squirrel The plantain squirrel, oriental squirrel or tricoloured squirrel (''Callosciurus notatus'') is a species of rodent in the family Sciuridae found in Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, and Thailand in a wide range of habitats: forests, mangroves, park ...

. The largest terrestrial mammal is the sambar deer, however, its population still remains extremely small. The

wild boar The wild boar (''Sus scrofa''), also known as the wild swine, common wild pig, Eurasian wild pig, or simply wild pig, is a Suidae, suid native to much of Eurasia and North Africa, and has been introduced to the Americas and Oceania. The speci ...

is far more common, found in relatively large numbers throughout the main island, and also on the offshore islands of Pulau Ubin and Pulau Tekong. The largest marine mammals are species like the

dugong The dugong (; ''Dugong dugon'') is a marine mammal. It is one of four living species of the order Sirenia, which also includes three species of manatees. It is the only living representative of the once-diverse family Dugongidae; its closest ...

and

dolphin A dolphin is an aquatic mammal in the cetacean clade Odontoceti (toothed whale). Dolphins belong to the families Delphinidae (the oceanic dolphins), Platanistidae (the Indian river dolphins), Iniidae (the New World river dolphins), Pontopori ...

Order
Artiodactyla Artiodactyls are placental mammals belonging to the order (biology), order Artiodactyla ( , ). Typically, they are ungulates which bear weight equally on two (an even number) of their five toes (the third and fourth, often in the form of a hoof ...
(even-toed ungulates)

Family

Suidae Suidae is a family (biology), family of Even-toed ungulate, artiodactyl mammals which are commonly called pigs, hogs, or swine. In addition to numerous fossil species, 18 Extant taxon, extant species are currently recognized (or 19 counting domes ...

(pigs) *

Wild boar The wild boar (''Sus scrofa''), also known as the wild swine, common wild pig, Eurasian wild pig, or simply wild pig, is a Suidae, suid native to much of Eurasia and North Africa, and has been introduced to the Americas and Oceania. The speci ...

(''Sus scrofa'') –

Tuas Tuas ( ) is a planning area located within the West Region of Singapore. It is bounded by the Western Water Catchment to its north, Pioneer to its east and the Straits of Johor to its west. Tuas also shares a maritime boundary with the Weste ...

Jurong Jurong () is a major Region, geographical region located at the south-westernmost point of the West Region, Singapore, West Region of Singapore. Although mostly vaguely defined, the region's extent roughly covers the Planning Areas of Singapore, ...

, Western Catchment,

Lim Chu Kang Lim Chu Kang is a Planning areas of Singapore, planning area located in the North Region, Singapore, North Region of Singapore, bordering the Western Water Catchment to the west and south, Sungei Kadut to the east and the Straits of Johor to the ...

Kranji Kranji is a suburb in northwestern Singapore, bounded by Sungei Kadut to the north, Turf Club to the east, as well as Lim Chu Kang and the Western Water Catchment to the west. It is located about from the city centre and its name came from the ...

Choa Chu Kang Choa Chu Kang (), alternatively spelled Chua Chu Kang and often abbreviated as CCK, is a planning area and residential town located at the northwestern point of the West Region of Singapore. The town shares borders with Sungei Kadut to the ...

Bukit Panjang Bukit Panjang ( ) is a Planning Areas of Singapore, planning area and New towns of Singapore, residential town located in the West Region, Singapore, West Region of Singapore. A portion of this town is situated on a low-lying elongated hill. T ...

Bukit Batok Bukit Batok ( ), often abbreviated as Bt Batok, is a planning area and matured residential town located along the eastern boundary of the West Region of Singapore. Bukit Batok statistically ranks in as the 25th largest, the 10th most populo ...

Bukit Timah Bukit Timah ( ), often abbreviated as Bt Timah, is a planning area and residential estate located in the westernmost part of the Central Region of Singapore. Bukit Timah lies roughly from the Central Business District, bordering the Central ...

, Central Catchment,

Seletar Seletar ( ) is an area located in the north-east of Singapore. Its name can also refer to the Seletar Planning Area (as defined by the Urban Redevelopment Authority), situated in the North-East Region of Singapore. The place name was derived fro ...

Sengkang Sengkang (, , ) is a Planning Areas of Singapore, planning area and New towns of Singapore, residential town located in the North-East Region, Singapore, North-East Region of Singapore. The town is the second most populous in the region, being ...

Punggol Punggol ( or ) is a Planning Areas of Singapore, planning area and New towns of Singapore, new town situated on the Tanjong Punggol peninsula in the North-East Region, Singapore, North-East Region of Singapore. The town directly borders Sengka ...

Coney Island Coney Island is a neighborhood and entertainment area in the southwestern section of the New York City borough of Brooklyn. The neighborhood is bounded by Brighton Beach to its east, Lower New York Bay to the south and west, and Gravesend to ...

, Lorong Halus,

Pasir Ris Pasir Ris ( or ) is a Planning Areas of Singapore, planning area and New towns of Singapore, residential town located in the East Region, Singapore, East Region of Singapore. It is bordered by Tampines and Paya Lebar to the south, Sengkang to ...

Changi Changi ( ) is a planning area located in the geographical region of Tanah Merah in the East Region of Singapore. Sharing borders with Pasir Ris and Tampines to the west, Changi Bay to the southeast, the South China Sea to the east and the ...

Family

Cervidae A deer (: deer) or true deer is a hoofed ruminant ungulate of the family Cervidae (informally the deer family). Cervidae is divided into subfamilies Cervinae (which includes, among others, muntjac, elk (wapiti), red deer, and fallow deer) a ...

(deer) *

Sambar deer The sambar (''Rusa unicolor'') is a large deer native to the Indian subcontinent, South China and Southeast Asia that is listed as a vulnerable species on the IUCN Red List since 2008. Populations have declined substantially due to severe huntin ...

(''Rusa unicolor'') – Bukit Brown, Bukit Timah, Central Catchment *

Southern red muntjac The southern red muntjac (''Muntiacus muntjak'') is a deer species native to Southeast Asia. It was formerly known as the Indian muntjac or the common muntjac before the species was taxonomically revised to represent only populations of Thailan ...

(''Muntiacus muntjak'') – Central Catchment (possibly extirpated, recent sightings may be escapees from captivity), Pulau Tekong, unverified sighting Family

Tragulidae Chevrotains, or mouse-deer, are small, even-toed ungulates that make up the family Tragulidae, and are the only living members of the infraorder Tragulina. The 10 extant species are placed in three genera, but several species also are ...

(mousedeer) * Lesser mouse-deer (''Tragulus kanchil'') – Central Catchment * Greater mouse-deer (''Tragulus napu'') – Pulau Ubin, Western Catchment

Order
Carnivora Carnivora ( ) is an order of placental mammals specialized primarily in eating flesh, whose members are formally referred to as carnivorans. The order Carnivora is the sixth largest order of mammals, comprising at least 279 species. Carnivor ...
(carnivores)

Family

Herpestidae A mongoose is a small terrestrial carnivorous mammal belonging to the family Herpestidae. This family has two subfamilies, the Herpestinae and the Mungotinae. The Herpestinae comprises 23 living species that are native to southern Europe, Afri ...

(mongooses) * Short-tailed mongoose (''Urva brachyura'') historical record is based on a specimen that is likely to have been an escapee Family

Viverridae Viverridae is a family (biology), family of small to medium-sized feliform mammals, comprising 14 genera with 33 species. This family was named and first described by John Edward Gray in 1821. Viverrids occur all over Africa, in southern Europe, ...

(civets) *

Small-toothed palm civet The small-toothed palm civet (''Arctogalidia trivirgata''), also known as the three-striped palm civet, is a viverrid native to dense forests of Southeast Asia and some of the easternmost parts of South Asia (Northeast India), from the Assam st ...

(''Arctogalidia trivirgata'') – Bukit Timah, Central Catchment * Otter civet (''Cynogale bennettii'') doubtful, based on old specimen without precise collection data *

Masked palm civet The masked palm civet (''Paguma larvata''), also called the gem-faced civet or Himalayan palm civet, is a viverrid species native to the Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia. It has been listed as least concern on the IUCN Red List since 2008 ...

(''Paguma larvata'') indeterminate – Central Catchment Pulau Tekong, possible escapee (unverified sightings), Adam Road (roadkill in 2021) * Asian palm civet (''Paradoxurus hermaphroditus'') – widespread across mainland Singapore in forests, woodlands, parks, and urban areas with trees, Pulau Ubin * Large-spotted civet (''Viverra megaspila'') presence doubtful, historical record is likely based on misidentified Malay civet * Malayan civet (''Viverra tangalunga'') – Central Catchment, possibly Pulau Tekong but has been confused with large Indian civet *

Large Indian civet The large Indian civet (''Viverra zibetha'') is a viverrid native to South and Southeast Asia. It is listed as Least Concern on the IUCN Red List. The global population is thought to be decreasing due to hunting and trapping driven by the deman ...

(''Viverra zibetha'') indeterminate, Jalan Bahar, possibly Pulau Tekong but has been confused with Malay civet, unverified sightings from Central Catchment * Small Indian civet (''Viverricula indica'') doubtful Family

Mustelidae The Mustelidae (; from Latin , weasel) are a diverse family of carnivora, carnivoran mammals, including weasels, badgers, otters, polecats, martens, grisons, and wolverines. Otherwise known as mustelids (), they form the largest family in the s ...

(weasels, otters and relatives) * Asian small-clawed otter (''Aonyx cinereus'') – Pulau Ubin, Pulau Tekong, sightings of lone individuals in mainland Singapore might be escapees from captivity *

Smooth-coated otter The smooth-coated otter (''Lutrogale perspicillata'') is a freshwater otter species from regions of South and Southwest Asia, with the majority of its numbers found in Southeast Asia. It has been ranked as " vulnerable" on the IUCN Red List since ...

(''Lutrogale perspicillata'') – mangroves and coasts, rivers, canals, reservoirs, and lakes in many locations on mainland Singapore, also often seen travelling overland or hunting in ornamental fish ponds, Pulau Ubin,

Sentosa Sentosa Island ( ), known mononymously as Sentosa, is an island located off the southern coast of Singapore's main island. The island is separated from the main island of Singapore by a channel of water, the Keppel Harbour, and is adjacent to ...

, St. John's Island, Pulau Semakau Family

Felidae Felidae ( ) is the Family (biology), family of mammals in the Order (biology), order Carnivora colloquially referred to as cats. A member of this family is also called a felid ( ). The 41 extant taxon, extant Felidae species exhibit the gre ...

(cats) * Sunda clouded leopard (''Neofelis diardi'') doubtful, based on single specimen claimed to have been killed in Changi in 1898 *

Leopard cat The leopard cat (''Prionailurus bengalensis'') is a Felinae, small wild cat native to continental South Asia, South, Southeast Asia, Southeast, and East Asia. Since 2002 it has been listed as Least Concern on the IUCN Red List as it is widely di ...

(''Prionailurus bengalensis'') – Pulau Ubin, Pulau Tekong, Western Catchment, Central Catchment, Sungei Buloh *

Flat-headed cat The flat-headed cat (''Prionailurus planiceps'') is a felinae, small wild cat with short reddish-brown fur. Its head is elongated, and its ears are rounded. Its slender body is long with a tail of , and it weighs . The flat-headed cat was first ...

(''Prionailurus planiceps'') presence doubtful, based on single specimen from former Raffles Museum collection that has since been lost

Order
Cetacea Cetacea (; , ) is an infraorder of aquatic mammals belonging to the order Artiodactyla that includes whales, dolphins and porpoises. Key characteristics are their fully aquatic lifestyle, streamlined body shape, often large size and exclusively c ...
(cetaceans)

Family

Delphinidae Oceanic dolphins or Delphinidae are a widely distributed family of dolphins that live in the sea. Close to forty extant species are recognised. They include several big species whose common names contain "whale" rather than "dolphin", such as the ...

(marine dolphins) *Common dolphin ('' Delphinus delphis'') *Irrawaddy dolphin ('' Orcaella brevirostris'') –

Singapore Strait The Singapore Strait is a , strait between the Strait of Malacca in the west and the South China Sea in the east. Singapore is on the north of the channel, and the Indonesian Riau Islands are on the south. The two countries share a maritime ...

*False killer whale ('' Pseudorca crassidens'') (vagrant) – Tuas *Indo-Pacific humpback dolphin ('' Sousa chinensis'') –

, Singapore Strait *Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphin ('' Tursiops aduncus'') – Singapore Strait Family

Phocoenidae Porpoises () are small dolphin-like cetaceans classified under the family Phocoenidae. Although similar in appearance to dolphins, they are more closely related to narwhals and belugas than to the true dolphins. There are eight extant specie ...

(porpoises) *Finless porpoise ('' Neophocaena phocaenoides'') – Singapore Strait Family

Physeteridae Physeteroidea is a superfamily that includes three extant species of whales: the sperm whale, in the genus '' Physeter'', and the pygmy sperm whale and dwarf sperm whale, in the genus ''Kogia''. In the past, these genera have sometimes been unit ...

(sperm whale) *Sperm whale ('' Physeter macrocephalus'') (lone carcass in 2015) – Singapore Strait

Order
Chiroptera Bats are flying mammals of the order Chiroptera (). With their forelimbs adapted as wings, they are the only mammals capable of true and sustained flight. Bats are more agile in flight than most birds, flying with their very long spread-out ...
(bats)

Family Pteropodidae (Old World fruit bats) *Lesser dog-faced fruit bat ( ''Cynopterus brachyotis'') - common and widespread *Cave nectar bat ('' Eonycteris spelaea'') - common and widespread *Common long-tongued fruit bat ('' Macroglossus minimus'') - Sungei Buloh, Pulau Ubin, Pulau Tekong *Dusky fruit bat ('' Penthetor lucasi'') – Bukit Timah *Malayan flying fox ('' Pteropus vampyrus'') (visitor, former resident) - Central Catchment, Hampstead Wetlands, Pulau Ubin *Geoffroy's rousette ('' Rousettus amplexicaudatus'') (indeterminate, possibly extirpated) Family

Emballonuridae Emballonuridae is a family of microbats, many of which are referred to as sac-winged or sheath-tailed bats. They are widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions around the world. The earliest fossil records are from the Eocene. Desc ...

(sheath-tailed bats) *Lesser sheath-tailed bat ('' Emballonura monticola'') – Bukit Timah, Pulau Ubin *Pouched tomb bat ('' Saccolaimus saccolaimus'') *Long-winged tomb bat ('' Taphozous longimanus'') – Pulau Ubin *Black-bearded tomb bat ('' Taphozous melanopogon'') Family Nycteridae (hollow-faced bats) *Southeast Asian hollow-faced bat ('' Nycteris tragata'') – Central Catchment Family

Megadermatidae Megadermatidae, or false vampire bats, are a family of bats found from central Africa, eastwards through southern Asia, and into Australia. They are relatively large bats, ranging from 6.5 cm to 14 cm in head-body length. They have lar ...

(false vampires) *Lesser false vampire ('' Megaderma spasma'') – Pulau Ubin, Pulau Tekong Family Rhinolophidae (horseshoe bats) *Glossy horseshoe bat ('' Rhinolophus refulgens'') – Bukit Timah, Central Catchment *Woolly horseshoe bat ('' Rhinolophus morio'') - Central Catchment, Changi *Lesser woolly horseshoe bat ('' Rhinolophus sedulus'') (indeterminate, possibly extirpated) *Lesser brown horseshoe bat ('' Rhinolophus stheno'') (indeterminate, possibly extirpated) *Trefoil horseshoe bat ('' Rhinolophus trifoliatus'') – Central Catchment, Pulau Tekong Family

Hipposideridae The Hipposideridae are a family (biology), family of bats commonly known as the Old World leaf-nosed bats. While it has often been seen as a subfamily, Hipposiderinae, of the family Rhinolophidae, it is now more generally classified as its own fa ...

(Old World leaf-nosed bats) *Bicolored roundleaf bat ('' Hipposideros bicolor'') – Bukit Timah *Fawn roundleaf bat ('' Hipposideros cervinus'') (indeterminate, possibly extirpated) *Ashy roundleaf bat (''

Hipposideros cineraceus The ashy roundleaf bat (''Hipposideros cineraceus'') is a species of bat in the family Hipposideridae found in Bhutan, Cambodia, India, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Thailand, and Vietnam. Taxonomy and etymology It was ...

'') – Pulau Ubin *Ridley's roundleaf bat ('' Hipposideros ridleyi'') (indeterminate, possibly extirpated) Family

Vespertilionidae Vespertilionidae is a family of microbats, of the order Chiroptera, flying, insect-eating mammals variously described as the common, vesper, or simple nosed bats. The vespertilionid family is the most diverse and widely distributed of bat familie ...

(evening bats) *Big-eared pipistrelle ('' Hypsugo macrotis'') – Pulau Ubin *Hardwicke's woolly bat ('' Kerivoula hardwickii'') – Central Catchment, Pulau Tekong *Brown tube-nosed bat ('' Murina suilla'') – Pulau Tekong *Horsfield's large-footed myotis ('' Myotis horsfieldii'') – widespread *Whiskered myotis ('' Myotis muricola'') - widespread *Singapore whiskered bat ('' Myotis oreias'') – endemic to Singapore, possibly globally extinct, but might not be a valid taxon *Javan pipistrelle ('' Pipistrellus javanicus'') – widespread, recent records from

Ayer Rajah one-north is a subzone of Queenstown, Singapore, first developed by JTC Corporation as the country's research and development and high technology cluster. It was first conceptualised in 1991 as part of the National Technology Plan and offici ...

Paya Lebar Paya Lebar ( ) is a planning area located in the East Region of Singapore, bordered by Hougang to the west, Sengkang to the northwest, Tampines to the east, Bedok to the south and Pasir Ris to the north. As part of the Singapore Urban Redevelop ...

, Upper Thomson,

Kent Ridge Kent Ridge is the name of a ridge and a neighbourhood located in Pasir Panjang, in the Queenstown, Singapore, Queenstown Planning Area of Singapore. The area is notable for housing two parks within the Southern Ridges, Kent Ridge Park and HortPark ...

, Sentosa *Narrow-winged pipistrelle ('' Pipistrellus stenopterus'') –

Singapore Botanic Gardens The Singapore Botanic Gardens is a -year-old tropical garden located at the fringe of the Orchard Road shopping district in Singapore. It is one of three gardens, and the only tropical garden, to be honoured as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Th ...

, Holland Village, Rochester Park, most recent record from Bukit Timah *Asiatic lesser yellow bat ('' Scotophilus kuhlii'') - common and widespread *Lesser bamboo bat ('' Tylonycteris fulvida'') – Bukit Timah *Greater bamboo bat ('' Tylonycteris malayana'') - widespread Family Molossidae (free-tailed bats) *Naked bulldog bat ('' Cheiromeles torquatus'') – Bukit Timah, Central Catchment,

Sembawang Sembawang ( ) is a Planning Areas of Singapore, planning area and New towns of Singapore, residential town located in the North Region, Singapore, North Region of Singapore. Sembawang planning area is bordered by Simpang to the east, Mandai to t ...

, Sentosa *Wrinkle-lipped free-tailed bat ('' Chaerephon plicatus'') (indeterminate, possibly extirpated)

Order
Dermoptera Colugos (), flying lemurs, or cobegos (), are arboreal gliding euarchontogliran mammals that are native to Southeast Asia. Their closest evolutionary relatives are primates. There are just two living species of colugos: the Sunda flying lemur ...
(colugo)

Family Cynocephalidae (colugo) *Malayan colugo or Malayan flying lemur (''

Galeopterus variegatus The Sunda flying lemur (''Galeopterus variegatus''), also called Malayan flying lemur and Malayan colugo, is the sole colugo species of the genus ''Galeopterus''. It is native to Southeast Asia from southern Myanmar, Thailand, southern Vietnam, M ...

'') – Bukit Timah, Bukit Batok, Central Catchment, Bukit Brown, Gallop Road, Portsdown, Changi

Order
Eulipotyphla Eulipotyphla (, from '' eu-'' + '' Lipotyphla'', meaning truly lacking blind gut; sometimes called true insectivores) is an order of mammals comprising the Erinaceidae ( hedgehogs and gymnures); Solenodontidae (solenodons); Talpidae ( mole ...
(
insectivores A robber fly eating a hoverfly An insectivore is a carnivorous animal or plant which eats insects. An alternative term is entomophage, which can also refer to the human practice of eating insects. The first vertebrate insectivores wer ...
)

Family Soricidae (shrews) * Malayan shrew ('' Crocidura malayana'') – Bukit Timah, Central Catchment *House shrew ('' Suncus murinus'') – urban Family

Erinaceidae Erinaceidae is a family in the order Eulipotyphla, consisting of the hedgehogs and moonrats. Until recently, it was assigned to the order Erinaceomorpha, which has been subsumed with the paraphyletic Soricomorpha into Eulipotyphla. Eulipotyphl ...

(hedgehogs and gymnures) *Moonrat ('' Echinosorex gymnura'') (doubtful - based on single specimen from former Raffles Museum collection that has since been lost)

Order
Perissodactyla Perissodactyla (, ), or odd-toed ungulates, is an order of ungulates. The order includes about 17 living species divided into three families: Equidae (horses, asses, and zebras), Rhinocerotidae (rhinoceroses), and Tapiridae (tapirs). They t ...
(odd-toed ungulates)

Family

Tapiridae Tapirs ( ) are large, herbivorous mammals belonging to the family Tapiridae. They are similar in shape to a pig, with a short, prehensile nose trunk (proboscis). Tapirs inhabit jungle and forest regions of South and Central America and Southea ...

(tapirs) *Malayan tapir ('' Tapirus indicus'') (vagrant) – Pulau Ubin, Changi, Punggol

Order
Pholidota Pangolins, sometimes known as scaly anteaters, are mammals of the order Pholidota (). The one Neontology, extant family, the Manidae, has three genera: ''Manis'', ''Phataginus'', and ''Smutsia''. ''Manis'' comprises four species found in Asia, ...
(pangolins)

Family

Manidae Manidae (" spirits") is the only extant family of pangolins. This family comprises three genera ('' Manis'' from subfamily Maninae, '' Phataginus'' from subfamily Phatagininae, and '' Smutsia'' from subfamily Smutsiinae), as well as the extinct ...

(pangolins) *Sunda pangolin (''

Manis javanica The Sunda pangolin (''Manis javanica''), also known as the Malayan or Javan pangolin, is a species of pangolin. It is a member of the Manidae family. Its English name comes from the Malay name "pëngulin", which means "roller". It is native to S ...

'') – ; occurs in Bukit Timah, Bukit Batok, Bukit Panjang, Central Catchment, Pulau Ubin, Pulau Tekong, Western Catchment, Labrador, may wander into built-up areas

Order
Primates Primates is an order of mammals, which is further divided into the strepsirrhines, which include lemurs, galagos, and lorisids; and the haplorhines, which include tarsiers and simians ( monkeys and apes). Primates arose 74–63 ...
(primates)

Family

Lorisidae Lorisidae (or sometimes Loridae) is a family of strepsirrhine primates. The lorisids are all slim arboreal animals and comprise the lorises, pottos, and angwantibos. Lorisids live in tropical, central Africa as well as in south and southeast A ...

(lorises) *

Sunda slow loris The Sunda slow loris (''Nycticebus coucang''), or greater slow loris, is a Strepsirrhini, strepsirrhine primate and a species of slow loris native to Indonesia, West Malaysia, southern Thailand and Singapore. It measures from head to tail and w ...

(''Nycticebus coucang'') – Bukit Timah, Central Catchment, Pulau Tekong Family

Cercopithecidae Old World monkeys are primates in the family (biology), family Cercopithecidae (). Twenty-four genus, genera and 138 species are recognized, making it the largest primate family. Old World monkey genera include baboons (genus ''Papio''), red colo ...

(Old World monkeys) *

Crab-eating macaque The crab-eating macaque (''Macaca fascicularis''), also known as the long-tailed macaque or cynomolgus macaque, is a cercopithecine primate native to Southeast Asia. As a synanthropic species, the crab-eating macaque thrives near human settlem ...

(''Macaca fascicularis'') – Bukit Timah, Central Catchment, Sungei Buloh, Western Catchment, Bukit Batok, Woodlands Waterfront, Admiralty Park, Punggol, Coney Island, Pulau Ubin, Pulau Tekong, Sentosa, Sisters Islands; lone individuals and small groups occasionally seen in parks and urban areas elsewhere in Singapore *

Southern pig-tailed macaque The southern pig-tailed macaque (''Macaca nemestrina''), also known as the Sundaland pig-tailed macaque and the Sunda pig-tailed macaque, is a medium-sized macaque that lives in Sundaland, southern Thailand, Malaysia, and Indonesia. It is known ...

(''Macaca nemestrina'') (doubtful, historical records in Singapore are likely to be based on escapees from captivity), Tengeh Reservoir, individual seen in 2020 *

(''Presbytis femoralis'') – (endemic) around 70 left in Central Catchment, Upper Thomson * Dusky leaf monkey (''Trachypithecus obscurus'') – Kent Ridge, likely escapee in 2008; Central Catchment, colonisation in 2019 with the appearance of a trio which likely originated from Johor.

Order
Proboscidea Proboscidea (; , ) is a taxonomic order of afrotherian mammals containing one living family (Elephantidae) and several extinct families. First described by J. Illiger in 1811, it encompasses the elephants and their close relatives. Three l ...
(elephants)

Family

Elephantidae Elephantidae is a family (biology), family of large, herbivorous proboscidean mammals which includes the living Elephant, elephants (belonging to the genera ''Elephas'' and ''Loxodonta''), as well as a number of extinct genera like ''Mammuthus'' ...

(elephants) *

Asian elephant The Asian elephant (''Elephas maximus''), also known as the Asiatic elephant, is the only living ''Elephas'' species. It is the largest living land animal in Asia and the second largest living Elephantidae, elephantid in the world. It is char ...

(''Elephas maximus'') (vagrant) Pulau Tekong (1990), Pulau Ubin (1991)

Order
Rodent Rodents (from Latin , 'to gnaw') are mammals of the Order (biology), order Rodentia ( ), which are characterized by a single pair of continuously growing incisors in each of the upper and Mandible, lower jaws. About 40% of all mammal specie ...
ia (rodents)

Family

Muridae The Muridae, or murids, are either the largest or second-largest family of rodents and of mammals, containing approximately 870 species, including many species of mice, rats, and gerbils found naturally throughout Eurasia, Africa, and Australia. ...

(mice and rats) *

House mouse The house mouse (''Mus musculus'') is a small mammal of the rodent family Muridae, characteristically having a pointed snout, large rounded ears, and a long and almost hairless tail. It is one of the most abundant species of the genus '' Mus''. A ...

(''Mus musculus'') – urban * Rajah spiny rat (''Maxomys rajah'') – Central Catchment *

Polynesian rat The Polynesian rat, Pacific rat or little rat (''Rattus exulans''), or , is the third most widespread species of rat in the world behind the brown rat and black rat. Contrary to its vernacular name, the Polynesian rat originated in Southeast Asi ...

(''Rattus exulans]'') – urban, forest edge *

Brown rat The brown rat (''Rattus norvegicus''), also known as the common rat, street rat, sewer rat, wharf rat, Hanover rat, Norway rat and Norwegian rat, is a widespread species of common rat. One of the largest Muroidea, muroids, it is a brown or grey ...

(''Rattus norvegicus'') (introduced) – urban * Tanezumi rat (''Rattus tanezumi'') – urban, forest edge * Malayan field rat (''Rattus tiomanicus'') *Annandale's rat ('' Sundamys annandalei'') – Bukit Timah, Central Catchment, Pulau Ubin Family

Spalacidae The Spalacidae, or spalacids, are a family of rodents in the large and complex superfamily Muroidea. They are native to eastern Asia, the Horn of Africa, the Middle East, and southeastern Europe. It includes the blind mole-rats, bamboo rats, m ...

(mole-rats) * Large bamboo rat (''Rhizomys sumatrensis'') doubtful, historical records are likely escapees Family

Sciuridae Squirrels are members of the family Sciuridae (), a family that includes small or medium-sized rodents. The squirrel family includes tree squirrels, ground squirrels (including chipmunks and prairie dogs, among others), and flying squirrel ...

(squirrels) * Finlayson's squirrel (''Callosciurus finlaysonii'') (introduced) – Bidadari, Woodleigh *

Plantain squirrel The plantain squirrel, oriental squirrel or tricoloured squirrel (''Callosciurus notatus'') is a species of rodent in the family Sciuridae found in Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, and Thailand in a wide range of habitats: forests, mangroves, park ...

(''Callosciurus notatus'') – widespread and common on

mainland Mainland is defined as "relating to or forming the main part of a country or continent, not including the islands around it egardless of status under territorial jurisdiction by an entity" The term is often politically, economically and/or demogr ...

, Sentosa, Pulau Tekong, Pulau Ubin, Pulau Semakau *

Prevost's squirrel Prevost's squirrel or Asian tri-coloured squirrel (''Callosciurus prevostii'') is a colourful species of rodent in the family Sciuridae. It is found in forests in the Thai-Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Borneo and nearby smaller islands, with an int ...

(''Callosciurus prevostii'') (presence uncertain) * Red-cheeked flying squirrel (''Hylopetes spadiceus'') – Bukit Timah, Central Catchment *

Javanese flying squirrel The Javanese flying squirrel (''Iomys horsfieldii'') is a species of rodent in the family Sciuridae. It is found in Indonesia, Malaysia, and Singapore Singapore, officially the Republic of Singapore, is an island country and city-state ...

(''Iomys horsfieldii'') – Bukit Batok, Bukit Timah, Central Catchment *

Red giant flying squirrel The red giant flying squirrel or common giant flying squirrel (''Petaurista petaurista'') is a species of rodent in the family Sciuridae (squirrels). It is found in a wide variety of forest–types, plantations and more open habitats with scatter ...

(''Petaurista petaurista'') possibly extirpated * Shrew-faced squirrel (''Rhinosciurus laticaudatus'') – Bukit Timah, Central Catchment * Slender squirrel (''Sundasciurus tenuis'') – Bukit Timah, Bukit Batok, Central Catchment, Singapore Botanic Gardens Family Hystricidae (Old World porcupines) * Malayan porcupine (''Hystrix brachyura'') – Pulau Tekong, Pulau Ubin, Bukit Timah, Central Catchment, Western Catchment

Order Scandentia (treeshrews)

Family

Tupaiidae Tupaiidae is one of two families of treeshrews, the other family being Ptilocercidae. The family contains three living genera and 19 living species. The family name derives from ''tupai'', the Malay word for treeshrew and also for squirrel which ...

(treeshrews) *

Common treeshrew The common treeshrew (''Tupaia glis'') is a small mammal in the treeshrew family Tupaiidae, and is native to Thailand, Malaysia, Singapore and Indonesia. It has been listed as Least Concern by IUCN as it remains common and displays some adaptabil ...

(''Tupaia glis'') – Bukit Timah, Central Catchment, Singapore Botanic Gardens, Portsdown, Bidadari, Bedok, Bukit Batok, Jurong Hill, Kent Ridge, Sungei Buloh, Western Catchment, Pulau Ubin

Order
Sirenia The Sirenia (), commonly referred to as sea cows or sirenians, are an order of fully aquatic, herbivorous mammals that inhabit swamps, rivers, estuaries, marine wetlands, and coastal marine waters. The extant Sirenia comprise two distinct famili ...
(sea cows)

Family

Dugongidae Dugongidae is a Family (biology), family in the Order (biology), order of Sirenia. The family has one surviving species, the dugong (''Dugong dugon''), one recently Extinction, extinct species, Steller's sea cow (''Hydrodamalis gigas''), and a n ...

(dugong) *

Dugong The dugong (; ''Dugong dugon'') is a marine mammal. It is one of four living species of the order Sirenia, which also includes three species of manatees. It is the only living representative of the once-diverse family Dugongidae; its closest ...

(''Dugong dugon'') – Straits of Johor, Singapore Strait

Extirpated species

Binturong The binturong (''Arctictis binturong'') (, ), also known as the bearcat, is a viverridae, viverrid native to South Asia, South and Southeast Asia. It is uncommon in much of its range, and has been assessed as Vulnerable species, Vulnerable on th ...

(''Arctictis binturong'') *

Dhole The dhole ( ; ''Cuon alpinus'') is a canid native to South, East and Southeast Asia. It is anatomically distinguished from members of the genus ''Canis'' in several aspects: its skull is convex rather than concave in profile, it lacks a third ...

(''Cuon alpinus'') *

Sun bear The sun bear (''Helarctos malayanus'') is a bear species in the Family (biology), family Ursidae found in the tropical forests of Southeast Asia. It is the only species in the genus ''Helarctos'' and the smallest bear species, standing nearly ...

(''Helarctos malayanus'') unverified sightings on Pulau Tekong in 1980s * Three-striped ground squirrel (''Lariscus insignis'') * Hairy-nosed otter (''Lutra sumatrana'') * Red spiny rat (''Maxomys surifer'') formerly recorded in Bukit Timah *

Leopard The leopard (''Panthera pardus'') is one of the five extant cat species in the genus ''Panthera''. It has a pale yellowish to dark golden fur with dark spots grouped in rosettes. Its body is slender and muscular reaching a length of with a ...

(''Panthera pardus'') unverified sightings on Pulau Tekong in 1980s *

Tiger The tiger (''Panthera tigris'') is a large Felidae, cat and a member of the genus ''Panthera'' native to Asia. It has a powerful, muscular body with a large head and paws, a long tail and orange fur with black, mostly vertical stripes. It is ...

(''Panthera tigris'') * Cream-coloured giant squirrel (''Ratufa affinis'') formerly recorded in Bukit Timah, Central Catchment *

Bornean bearded pig The Bornean bearded pig (''Sus barbatus''), also known as the Sunda bearded pig or simply bearded pig, is a species in the pig genus, '' Sus''. It can be recognized by its prominent beard. It also sometimes has tassels on its tail. It is found ...

(''Sus barbatus'') – no historical records but likely formerly present due to records from Johor and Riau Islands, and ability to reach islands by swimming

References

{{Asia topic, List of mammals of .

Mammals A mammal () is a vertebrate animal of the class Mammalia (). Mammals are characterised by the presence of milk-producing mammary glands for feeding their young, a broad neocortex region of the brain, fur or hair, and three middle e ...

Singapore Singapore, officially the Republic of Singapore, is an island country and city-state in Southeast Asia. The country's territory comprises one main island, 63 satellite islands and islets, and one outlying islet. It is about one degree ...

Singapore

Order Artiodactyla Artiodactyls are placental mammals belonging to the order (biology), order Artiodactyla ( , ). Typically, they are ungulates which bear weight equally on two (an even number) of their five toes (the third and fourth, often in the form of a hoof ... (even-toed ungulates)

Order Carnivora Carnivora ( ) is an order of placental mammals specialized primarily in eating flesh, whose members are formally referred to as carnivorans. The order Carnivora is the sixth largest order of mammals, comprising at least 279 species. Carnivor ... (carnivores)

Order Cetacea Cetacea (; , ) is an infraorder of aquatic mammals belonging to the order Artiodactyla that includes whales, dolphins and porpoises. Key characteristics are their fully aquatic lifestyle, streamlined body shape, often large size and exclusively c ... (cetaceans)

Order Chiroptera Bats are flying mammals of the order Chiroptera (). With their forelimbs adapted as wings, they are the only mammals capable of true and sustained flight. Bats are more agile in flight than most birds, flying with their very long spread-out ... (bats)

Order Dermoptera Colugos (), flying lemurs, or cobegos (), are arboreal gliding euarchontogliran mammals that are native to Southeast Asia. Their closest evolutionary relatives are primates. There are just two living species of colugos: the Sunda flying lemur ... (colugo)

Order Perissodactyla Perissodactyla (, ), or odd-toed ungulates, is an order of ungulates. The order includes about 17 living species divided into three families: Equidae (horses, asses, and zebras), Rhinocerotidae (rhinoceroses), and Tapiridae (tapirs). They t ... (odd-toed ungulates)

Order Pholidota Pangolins, sometimes known as scaly anteaters, are mammals of the order Pholidota (). The one Neontology, extant family, the Manidae, has three genera: ''Manis'', ''Phataginus'', and ''Smutsia''. ''Manis'' comprises four species found in Asia, ... (pangolins)

Order Primates Primates is an order of mammals, which is further divided into the strepsirrhines, which include lemurs, galagos, and lorisids; and the haplorhines, which include tarsiers and simians ( monkeys and apes). Primates arose 74–63 ... (primates)

Order Proboscidea Proboscidea (; , ) is a taxonomic order of afrotherian mammals containing one living family (Elephantidae) and several extinct families. First described by J. Illiger in 1811, it encompasses the elephants and their close relatives. Three l ... (elephants)

Order Rodent Rodents (from Latin , 'to gnaw') are mammals of the Order (biology), order Rodentia ( ), which are characterized by a single pair of continuously growing incisors in each of the upper and Mandible, lower jaws. About 40% of all mammal specie ...ia (rodents)

Order Scandentia (treeshrews)

Order Sirenia The Sirenia (), commonly referred to as sea cows or sirenians, are an order of fully aquatic, herbivorous mammals that inhabit swamps, rivers, estuaries, marine wetlands, and coastal marine waters. The extant Sirenia comprise two distinct famili ... (sea cows)

Extirpated species

See also

References

Order
Artiodactyla Artiodactyls are placental mammals belonging to the order (biology), order Artiodactyla ( , ). Typically, they are ungulates which bear weight equally on two (an even number) of their five toes (the third and fourth, often in the form of a hoof ...
(even-toed ungulates)

Order
Carnivora Carnivora ( ) is an order of placental mammals specialized primarily in eating flesh, whose members are formally referred to as carnivorans. The order Carnivora is the sixth largest order of mammals, comprising at least 279 species. Carnivor ...
(carnivores)

Order
Cetacea Cetacea (; , ) is an infraorder of aquatic mammals belonging to the order Artiodactyla that includes whales, dolphins and porpoises. Key characteristics are their fully aquatic lifestyle, streamlined body shape, often large size and exclusively c ...
(cetaceans)

Order
Chiroptera Bats are flying mammals of the order Chiroptera (). With their forelimbs adapted as wings, they are the only mammals capable of true and sustained flight. Bats are more agile in flight than most birds, flying with their very long spread-out ...
(bats)

Order
Dermoptera Colugos (), flying lemurs, or cobegos (), are arboreal gliding euarchontogliran mammals that are native to Southeast Asia. Their closest evolutionary relatives are primates. There are just two living species of colugos: the Sunda flying lemur ...
(colugo)

Order
Perissodactyla Perissodactyla (, ), or odd-toed ungulates, is an order of ungulates. The order includes about 17 living species divided into three families: Equidae (horses, asses, and zebras), Rhinocerotidae (rhinoceroses), and Tapiridae (tapirs). They t ...
(odd-toed ungulates)

Order
Pholidota Pangolins, sometimes known as scaly anteaters, are mammals of the order Pholidota (). The one Neontology, extant family, the Manidae, has three genera: ''Manis'', ''Phataginus'', and ''Smutsia''. ''Manis'' comprises four species found in Asia, ...
(pangolins)

Order
Primates Primates is an order of mammals, which is further divided into the strepsirrhines, which include lemurs, galagos, and lorisids; and the haplorhines, which include tarsiers and simians ( monkeys and apes). Primates arose 74–63 ...
(primates)

Order
Proboscidea Proboscidea (; , ) is a taxonomic order of afrotherian mammals containing one living family (Elephantidae) and several extinct families. First described by J. Illiger in 1811, it encompasses the elephants and their close relatives. Three l ...
(elephants)

Order
Rodent Rodents (from Latin , 'to gnaw') are mammals of the Order (biology), order Rodentia ( ), which are characterized by a single pair of continuously growing incisors in each of the upper and Mandible, lower jaws. About 40% of all mammal specie ...
ia (rodents)

Order
Sirenia The Sirenia (), commonly referred to as sea cows or sirenians, are an order of fully aquatic, herbivorous mammals that inhabit swamps, rivers, estuaries, marine wetlands, and coastal marine waters. The extant Sirenia comprise two distinct famili ...
(sea cows)