This is a list of mammal species recorded in Japan (excluding

domesticated Domestication is a multi-generational mutualistic relationship in which an animal species, such as humans or leafcutter ants, takes over control and care of another species, such as sheep or fungi, to obtain from them a steady supply of reso ...

and captive populations). Of the 172

species A species () is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriate sexes or mating types can produce fertile offspring, typically by sexual reproduction. It is the basic unit of Taxonomy (biology), ...

mammal A mammal () is a vertebrate animal of the Class (biology), class Mammalia (). Mammals are characterised by the presence of milk-producing mammary glands for feeding their young, a broad neocortex region of the brain, fur or hair, and three ...

found in

Japan Japan is an island country in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean off the northeast coast of the Asia, Asian mainland, it is bordered on the west by the Sea of Japan and extends from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea ...

—112 native terrestrial mammals (those that are

endemic Endemism is the state of a species being found only in a single defined geographic location, such as an island, state, nation, country or other defined zone; organisms that are indigenous to a place are not endemic to it if they are also foun ...

are identified below; this number includes 37 species of bat), 19

introduced species An introduced species, alien species, exotic species, adventive species, immigrant species, foreign species, non-indigenous species, or non-native species is a species living outside its native distributional range, but which has arrived ther ...

, 40 species of

Cetacea Cetacea (; , ) is an infraorder of aquatic mammals belonging to the order Artiodactyla that includes whales, dolphins and porpoises. Key characteristics are their fully aquatic lifestyle, streamlined body shape, often large size and exclusively c ...

, and the

dugong The dugong (; ''Dugong dugon'') is a marine mammal. It is one of four living species of the order Sirenia, which also includes three species of manatees. It is the only living representative of the once-diverse family Dugongidae; its closest ...

—161 are listed for the Japan region on the

IUCN Red List of Threatened Species The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species, also known as the IUCN Red List or Red Data Book, founded in 1964, is an inventory of the global conservation status and extinction risk of biological spe ...

: of these, three

taxa In biology, a taxon (back-formation from ''taxonomy''; : taxa) is a group of one or more populations of an organism or organisms seen by taxonomists to form a unit. Although neither is required, a taxon is usually known by a particular name and ...

are

critically endangered An IUCN Red List critically endangered (CR or sometimes CE) species is one that has been categorized by the International Union for Conservation of Nature as facing an extremely high risk of extinction in the wild. As of December 2023, of t ...

( Muennink's spiny rat, Yanbaru whiskered bat, and gloomy tube-nosed bat), twenty-two are

endangered An endangered species is a species that is very likely to become extinct in the near future, either worldwide or in a particular political jurisdiction. Endangered species may be at risk due to factors such as habitat loss, poaching, inv ...

, eight are vulnerable, and eleven are

near threatened A near-threatened species is a species which has been Conservation status, categorized as "Near Threatened" (NT) by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) as that may be vulnerable to Endangered species, endangerment in the ne ...

; the

Japanese sea lion The Japanese sea lion (''Zalophus japonicus'') (, ) was an aquatic mammal that became extinct in the 1970s. It was considered to be a subspecies of the related California sea lion (''Z. californianus'') until 2003. They inhabited the western Nort ...

and Bonin or Sturdee's pipistrelle are evaluated as

extinct Extinction is the termination of an organism by the death of its Endling, last member. A taxon may become Functional extinction, functionally extinct before the death of its last member if it loses the capacity to Reproduction, reproduce and ...

. Although on a global level the

grey wolf The wolf (''Canis lupus''; : wolves), also known as the grey wolf or gray wolf, is a canine native to Eurasia and North America. More than thirty subspecies of ''Canis lupus'' have been recognized, including the dog and dingo, though gr ...

is assessed as least concern, the two Japanese

subspecies In Taxonomy (biology), biological classification, subspecies (: subspecies) is a rank below species, used for populations that live in different areas and vary in size, shape, or other physical characteristics (Morphology (biology), morpholog ...

Hokkaido wolf The Hokkaido wolf (''Canis lupus hattai''), also known as the and in Russia as the Sakhalin wolf,Heptner, V. G. & Naumov, N., P. (1998''Mammals of the Soviet Union'' Vol.II Part 1a, SIRENIA AND CARNIVORA (Sea cows; Wolves and Bears) Science Pub ...

and Japanese wolf, are further recent extinctions; the 2020 Japanese Ministry of the Environment Red List also lists as extinct the Okinawa flying fox and Japanese river otter, as well as the subspecies . As of January 2023, for their protection, fifteen species and subspecies have been designated national endangered species by cabinet order in accordance with the 1992 Act on Conservation of Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora. The following tags are used to highlight each species'

conservation status The conservation status of a group of organisms (for instance, a species) indicates whether the group still exists and how likely the group is to become extinct in the near future. Many factors are taken into account when assessing conservation ...

as assessed by the

International Union for Conservation of Nature The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) is an international organization working in the field of nature conservation and sustainable use of natural resources. Founded in 1948, IUCN has become the global authority on the stat ...

Order:
Sirenia The Sirenia (), commonly referred to as sea cows or sirenians, are an order of fully aquatic, herbivorous mammals that inhabit swamps, rivers, estuaries, marine wetlands, and coastal marine waters. The extant Sirenia comprise two distinct famili ...
(manatees and dugongs)

Sirenia is an order of fully aquatic, herbivorous mammals that inhabit rivers, estuaries, coastal marine waters, swamps, and marine wetlands. All four species are endangered. *Family:

Dugongidae Dugongidae is a Family (biology), family in the Order (biology), order of Sirenia. The family has one surviving species, the dugong (''Dugong dugon''), one recently Extinction, extinct species, Steller's sea cow (''Hydrodamalis gigas''), and a n ...

**Genus: ''

Dugong The dugong (; ''Dugong dugon'') is a marine mammal. It is one of four living species of the order Sirenia, which also includes three species of manatees. It is the only living representative of the once-diverse family Dugongidae; its closest ...

'' ***

, ''Dugong dugon'' (MOE: CR)(northern

Okinawa Island , officially , is the largest of the Okinawa Islands and the Ryukyu Islands, Ryukyu (''Nansei'') Islands of Japan in the Kyushu region. It is the smallest and least populated of the five Japanese archipelago, main islands of Japan. The island is ...

; the northernmost population globally; designated a

Natural Monument A natural monument is a natural or cultural feature of outstanding or unique value because of its inherent rarity, representative of aesthetic qualities, or cultural significance. They can be natural geological and geographical features such as w ...

under the Law for the Protection of Cultural Properties)

Order:
Primate Primates is an order (biology), order of mammals, which is further divided into the Strepsirrhini, strepsirrhines, which include lemurs, galagos, and Lorisidae, lorisids; and the Haplorhini, haplorhines, which include Tarsiiformes, tarsiers a ...
s

The order Primates contains

human Humans (''Homo sapiens'') or modern humans are the most common and widespread species of primate, and the last surviving species of the genus ''Homo''. They are Hominidae, great apes characterized by their Prehistory of nakedness and clothing ...

s and their closest relatives:

lemur Lemurs ( ; from Latin ) are Strepsirrhini, wet-nosed primates of the Superfamily (biology), superfamily Lemuroidea ( ), divided into 8 Family (biology), families and consisting of 15 genera and around 100 existing species. They are Endemism, ...

s, lorisoids,

monkey Monkey is a common name that may refer to most mammals of the infraorder Simiiformes, also known as simians. Traditionally, all animals in the group now known as simians are counted as monkeys except the apes. Thus monkeys, in that sense, co ...

s, and

ape Apes (collectively Hominoidea ) are a superfamily of Old World simians native to sub-Saharan Africa and Southeast Asia (though they were more widespread in Africa, most of Asia, and Europe in prehistory, and counting humans are found global ...

s. *Suborder:

Haplorhini Haplorhini (), the haplorhines (Greek language, Greek for "simple-nosed") or the "dry-nosed" primates is a suborder of primates containing the Tarsiiformes, tarsiers and the simians (Simiiformes or anthropoids), as sister of the Strepsirrhini ("m ...

**Infraorder:

Simiiformes The simians, anthropoids, or higher primates are an infraorder (Simiiformes ) of primates containing all animals traditionally called monkeys and apes. More precisely, they consist of the parvorders Platyrrhini (New World monkeys) and Ca ...

***Parvorder:

Catarrhini The parvorder Catarrhini (known commonly as catarrhine monkeys, Old World anthropoids, or Old World monkeys) consists of the Cercopithecoidea and apes (Hominoidea). In 1812, Geoffroy grouped those two groups together and established the name ...

****Superfamily:

Cercopithecoidea Old World monkeys are primates in the family Cercopithecidae (). Twenty-four genera and 138 species are recognized, making it the largest primate family. Old World monkey genera include baboons (genus '' Papio''), red colobus (genus '' Piliocolob ...

*****Family:

Cercopithecidae Old World monkeys are primates in the family (biology), family Cercopithecidae (). Twenty-four genus, genera and 138 species are recognized, making it the largest primate family. Old World monkey genera include baboons (genus ''Papio''), red colo ...

(Old World monkeys) ******Genus: ''

Macaca The macaques () constitute a genus (''Macaca'') of gregarious Old World monkeys of the subfamily Cercopithecinae. The 23 species of macaques inhabit ranges throughout Asia, North Africa, and Europe (in Gibraltar). Macaques are principally fru ...

'' *******

Japanese macaque The Japanese macaque (''Macaca fuscata''), also known as the snow monkey, is a terrestrial Old World monkey species that is native to Japan. Colloquially, they are referred to as "snow monkeys" because some live in areas where snow covers the g ...

, ''Macaca fuscata'' (

Honshū , historically known as , is the largest of the four main islands of Japan. It lies between the Pacific Ocean (east) and the Sea of Japan (west). It is the seventh-largest island in the world, and the second-most populous after the Indonesian ...

Shikoku is the smallest of the List of islands of Japan#Main islands, four main islands of Japan. It is long and between at its widest. It has a population of 3.8 million, the least populated of Japan's four main islands. It is south of Honshu ...

Kyūshū is the third-largest island of Japan's four main islands and the most southerly of the four largest islands (i.e. excluding Okinawa and the other Ryukyu (''Nansei'') Islands). In the past, it has been known as , and . The historical regio ...

, and adjacent smaller islands; the

Aomori , officially Aomori City (, ), is the capital Cities of Japan, city of Aomori Prefecture, in the Tōhoku region of Japan. , the city had an estimated population of 264,945 in 136,781 households, and a population density of 321 people per squa ...

population are the northernmost non-human primates; several populations and/or related habitats have been designated

s, including those on the Shimokita Peninsula) ******** ''M. f. fuscata'' ******** Yakushima macaque, ''M. f. yakui'' ******* Formosan rock macaque, ''Macaca cyclopis'' (

; those on the Shimokita Peninsula were removed in 2004) *******

Rhesus macaque The rhesus macaque (''Macaca mulatta''), colloquially rhesus monkey, is a species of Old World monkey. There are between six and nine recognised subspecies split between two groups, the Chinese-derived and the Indian-derived. Generally brown or g ...

, ''Macaca mulatta'' (

feral A feral (; ) animal or plant is one that lives in the wild but is descended from domesticated individuals. As with an introduced species, the introduction of feral animals or plants to non-native regions may disrupt ecosystems and has, in som ...

individuals observed on the Bōsō Peninsula in Chiba

Order:
Rodent Rodents (from Latin , 'to gnaw') are mammals of the Order (biology), order Rodentia ( ), which are characterized by a single pair of continuously growing incisors in each of the upper and Mandible, lower jaws. About 40% of all mammal specie ...
ia (rodents)

Rodents make up the largest order of mammals, with over 40% of mammalian species. They have two

incisor Incisors (from Latin ''incidere'', "to cut") are the front teeth present in most mammals. They are located in the premaxilla above and on the mandible below. Humans have a total of eight (two on each side, top and bottom). Opossums have 18, wher ...

s in the upper and lower jaw which grow continually and must be kept short by gnawing. Most rodents are small though the

capybara The capybara or greater capybara (''Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris'') is the largest living rodent, native to South America. It is a member of the genus '' Hydrochoerus''. The only other extant member is the lesser capybara (''Hydrochoerus isthmi ...

can weigh up to . *Suborder:

Hystricomorpha Hystricomorpha (from Greek ὕστριξ, ''hystrix'' 'porcupine' and Greek μορφή, ''morphē'' 'form') is a term referring to families and orders of rodents which has had many definitions throughout its history. In the broadest sense, it ref ...

**Family:

Echimyidae Echimyidae is the family of neotropical spiny rats and their fossil relatives. This is the most species-rich family of hystricognath rodents. It is probably also the most ecologically diverse, with members ranging from fully arboreal to terr ...

(spiny rats) ***Subfamily: Echimyinae ****Genus: '' Myocastor'' *****

Coypu The nutria () or coypu () (''Myocastor coypus'') is a herbivore, herbivorous, semiaquatic rodent from South America. Classified for a long time as the only member of the family Myocastoridae, ''Myocastor'' has since been included within Echimy ...

, ''Myocastor coypus'' ( introduced from South America) * Suborder:

Myomorpha The suborder Myomorpha contains 1,524 species of mouse-like rodents, nearly a quarter of all mammal species. Included are mice, rats, gerbils, hamsters, lemmings, and voles. They are grouped according to the structure of their jaws and molar t ...

**Family:

Cricetidae The Cricetidae are a family of rodents in the large and complex superfamily Muroidea. It includes true hamsters, voles, lemmings, muskrats, and New World rats and mice. At over 870 species, it is either the largest or second-largest family ...

(hamsters, voles, lemmings, and New World rats and mice) ***Subfamily:

Arvicolinae The Arvicolinae are a subfamily of rodents that includes the voles, lemmings, and muskrats. They are most closely related to the other subfamilies in the Cricetidae (comprising the hamsters and New World rats and mice). Some authorities plac ...

****Genus: ''

Alexandromys ''Alexandromys'' is a genus of voles in the subfamily Arvicolinae, formerly a subgenus of the genus ''Microtus ''Microtus'' is a genus of voles found in North America, Europe and northern Asia. The genus name refers to the small ears of these ...

'' ***** Japanese grass vole, ''Alexandromys montebelli'' (endemic;

Sado Island is an island located in the eastern part of the Sea of Japan, under the jurisdiction of Sado City, Niigata Prefecture, Japan, with a coastline of . In October 2017, Sado Island had a population of 55,212 people. Sado Island covers an area of ...

Notojima is a volcanic island in the Nanao Bay () portion of the Sea of Japan, less than 500 meters off the coast of the Ishikawa prefecture in Japan. Notojima Island is administered as part of Nanao city. The two bridges connecting Notojima to the ...

) ****Genus: ''

Craseomys ''Craseomys'' is a genus of small, slender voles. The complete list of species is: * Anderson's red-backed vole, ''C. andersoni'' *Imaizumi's red-backed vole, ''C. imaizumii'' * Korean red-backed vole, ''C. regulus'' * Hokkaido red-backed vole, ...

'' *****

Grey red-backed vole The grey red-backed vole or the grey-sided vole (''Craseomys rufocanus'') is a species of vole. An adult grey red-backed vole weighs 20-50 grams. This species ranges across northern Eurasia, including northern China, the northern Korean Pen ...

, ''Craseomys rufocanus'' (

Hokkaidō is the second-largest island of Japan and comprises the largest and northernmost prefecture, making up its own region. The Tsugaru Strait separates Hokkaidō from Honshu; the two islands are connected by railway via the Seikan Tunnel. The ...

and adjacent smaller islands) ****** Bedford's red-backed vole, ''C. r. bedfordiae'' ***** Hokkaido red-backed vole, ''Craseomys rex'' (

and adjacent smaller islands) ****** Mountain red-backed vole, ''C. r. montanus'' (MOE: NT)(

and adjacent smaller islands) ****** Rishiri red-backed vole, ''C. r. rex'' (MOE: NT)(

Rishiri Island is a volcanic island in the Sea of Japan off the coast of Hokkaido, Japan. Administratively the island is part of Hokkaido Prefecture, and is divided between two towns, Rishiri and Rishirifuji. The island is formed by the cone-shaped extinct ...

) *****

Japanese red-backed vole The Japanese red-backed vole, Wakayama red-backed vole, or Anderson's red-backed vole (''Craseomys andersoni'') is a species of rodent in the family Cricetidae. It is found only on the island of Honshu in Japan. It was first described by the Brit ...

, ''Craseomys andersoni'' (endemic; central and northern

) ***** Smith's red-backed vole, ''Craseomys smithii'' (endemic;

) ****Genus: '' Clethrionomys'' ***** Northern red-backed vole, ''Clethrionomys rutilus'' (

) ****** ''C. r. mikado'' ****Genus: ''Ondatra'' *****

Muskrat The muskrat or common muskrat (''Ondatra zibethicus'') is a medium-sized semiaquatic rodent native to North America and an introduced species in parts of Europe, Asia, and South America. The muskrat is found in wetlands over various climates ...

, ''Ondatra zibethicus'' ( introduced from North America) **Family:

Muridae The Muridae, or murids, are either the largest or second-largest family of rodents and of mammals, containing approximately 870 species, including many species of mice, rats, and gerbils found naturally throughout Eurasia, Africa, and Australia. ...

(mice, rats, gerbils, etc.) ***Subfamily:

Murinae The Old World rats and mice, part of the subfamily Murinae in the family Muridae, comprise at least 519 species. Members of this subfamily are called murines. In terms of species richness, this subfamily is larger than all mammal families excep ...

****Genus: ''

Apodemus ''Apodemus'' is a genus of Muridae, murid (true mice and rats) containing the field mice as well as other well-known species like the wood mouse and the yellow-necked mouse. The name is unrelated to that of the ''Mus (genus), Mus'' genus, instead ...

'' *****

Striped field mouse The striped field mouse (''Apodemus agrarius'') is a rodent in the family Muridae. The range of this species stretches from Eastern Europe to Eastern Asia. Synonyms Accepted synonyms include ''Apodemus albostriatus'' (Bechstein, 1801), ''Apodemu ...

, ''Apodemus agrarius'' (MOE: CR)( Uotsuri Island) ***** Korean field mouse, ''Apodemus peninsulae'' (

) ****** ''A. p. giliacus'' ***** Large Japanese field mouse, ''Apodemus speciosus'' (widely distributed; not found in

Okinawa most commonly refers to: * Okinawa Prefecture, Japan's southernmost prefecture * Okinawa Island, the largest island of Okinawa Prefecture * Okinawa Islands, an island group including Okinawa itself * Okinawa (city), the second largest city in th ...

) ****** ''A. s. ainu'' ****** ''A. s. speciosus'' ***** Small Japanese field mouse, ''Apodemus argenteus'' (widely distributed; not found in

) ****** ''A. a. argenteus'' ****** ''A. a. hokkaidi'' ****** ''A. a. yakui'' ****Genus: '' Tokudaia'' ***** Muennink's spiny rat, ''Tokudaia muenninki'' (MOE: CR)(endemic to

;

) ***** Ryukyu spiny rat, ''Tokudaia osimensis'' (MOE: EN)(endemic to

Amami Ōshima , also known as Amami, is the largest island in the Amami Islands, Amami archipelago between Kyūshū and Okinawa Prefecture, Okinawa. It is one of the Satsunan Islands, all of which belong to Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan. The island, 712.35 ...

;

) ***** Tokunoshima spiny rat, ''Tokudaia tokunoshimensis'' (MOE: EN)(endemic to Tokunoshima;

) ****Genus: '' Diplothrix'' ***** Ryukyu long-tailed giant rat, ''Diplothrix legata'' (MOE: EN)(endemic to

, Tokunoshima, and

;

) ****Genus: ''

Rattus ''Rattus'' is a genus of muroid rodents, all typically called rats. However, the term rat can also be applied to rodent species outside of this genus. Species and description The best-known ''Rattus'' species are the black rat (''R. rattus'') ...

'' *****

Brown rat The brown rat (''Rattus norvegicus''), also known as the common rat, street rat, sewer rat, wharf rat, Hanover rat, Norway rat and Norwegian rat, is a widespread species of common rat. One of the largest Muroidea, muroids, it is a brown or grey ...

, ''Rattus norvegicus'' (concentrated in urban areas) *****

Polynesian rat The Polynesian rat, Pacific rat or little rat (''Rattus exulans''), or , is the third most widespread species of rat in the world behind the brown rat and black rat. Contrary to its vernacular name, the Polynesian rat originated in Southeast Asi ...

, ''Rattus exulans'' ( introduced onto Miyako Island) ***** Tanezumi rat, ''Rattus tanezumi'' (concentrated in urban areas) ****Genus: ''

Micromys ''Micromys'' is a genus of small rodents in the subfamily Murinae. The genus contains two living species: the widespread Eurasian harvest mouse (''Micromys minutus'') of much of Europe and Asia; and the more restricted Indochinese harvest mouse ( ...

'' ***** Harvest mouse, ''Micromys minutus'' (not found in

, Tōhoku,

) ****Genus: '' Mus'' ***** Ryukyu mouse, ''Mus caroli'' (

) *****

House mouse The house mouse (''Mus musculus'') is a small mammal of the rodent family Muridae, characteristically having a pointed snout, large rounded ears, and a long and almost hairless tail. It is one of the most abundant species of the genus '' Mus''. A ...

, ''Mus musculus'' (widely distributed;

commensal Commensalism is a long-term biological interaction (symbiosis) in which members of one species gain benefits while those of the other species neither benefit nor are harmed. This is in contrast with mutualism, in which both organisms benefit f ...

with humans) *Suborder:

Sciuromorpha Sciuromorpha ( 'squirrel-like') is a rodent Order (biology), suborder that includes several rodent Family (biology), families. It includes all members of the Sciuridae (the squirrel family) as well as the mountain beaver species. Traditionally, ...

**Family:

Sciuridae Squirrels are members of the family Sciuridae (), a family that includes small or medium-sized rodents. The squirrel family includes tree squirrels, ground squirrels (including chipmunks and prairie dogs, among others), and flying squirrel ...

(squirrels) ***Subfamily:

Sciurinae Sciurinae () is a subfamily of squirrels (in the family Sciuridae), uniting the flying squirrels with certain related tree squirrels. Older sources place the flying squirrels in a separate subfamily (Pteromyinae) and unite all remaining sciurids i ...

****Tribe:

Sciurini Sciurini () is a tribe that includes about forty species of squirrels,Thorington and Hoffmann, 2005, p. 754 mostly from the Americas. It includes five living genera—the American dwarf squirrels, '' Microsciurus''; the Bornean '' Rheithrosc ...

*****Genus: ''

Sciurus The genus ''Sciurus'' ( or ) contains most of the common, bushy-tailed squirrels in North America, Europe, Temperate zone, temperate Asia, Central America and South America. Species The number of species in the genus is subject to change. In 200 ...

'' ****** Eurasian red squirrel, ''Sciurus vulgaris'' ******* , ''S. v. orientis''(

) ****** Japanese squirrel, ''Sciurus lis'' (endemic;

and

; no recent records from

or Awaji Island) ****Tribe: Pteromyini *****Genus: ''

Petaurista ''Petaurista'' is a genus of rodent in the family Sciuridae. They are large to very large flying squirrels found in forests and other wooded habitats in southern and eastern Asia. Like other flying squirrels, they are mostly nocturnal and able ...

'' ****** Japanese giant flying squirrel, ''Petaurista leucogenys'' (endemic;

, and

) *****Genus: '' Pteromys'' ****** Japanese dwarf flying squirrel, ''Pteromys momonga'' (endemic;

) ****** Siberian flying squirrel, ''Pteromys volans'' (found on

, as ''P. v. orii'') ******* Ezo flying squirrel, ''P. v. orii''(

) ***Subfamily: Callosciurinae ****Tribe: Callosciurini *****Genus: Callosciurus ****** Pallas's squirrel, Callosciurus erythraeus ( introduced; naturalized populations from Ibaraki to Miyazaki) ***Subfamily:

Xerinae The Xerinae comprise a subfamily of squirrels, many of which are highly terrestrial. It includes the tribes Marmotini (marmots, chipmunks, prairie dogs, and other Holarctic ground squirrels), Xerini (African and some Eurasian ground squirrels), ...

****Tribe: Marmotini *****Genus: ''

Eutamias ''Eutamias'' is a genus of chipmunks within the tribe Marmotini of the squirrel family. It includes a single living species, the Siberian chipmunk (''Eutamias sibiricus''). The genus is often treated as a subgenus of ''Tamias'', which is now res ...

'' ******

Siberian chipmunk The Siberian chipmunk (''Eutamias sibiricus''), also called common chipmunk, is a species of chipmunk native to northern Asia from central Russia to China, Korea, and Hokkaidō in northern Japan. It was imported from South Korea and introduced i ...

, ''Eutamias sibiricus'' (

and adjacent smaller islands) ******* Ezo chipmunk, ''E. s. lineatus'' (MOE: DD, as ''Tamias sibiricus lineatus'') **Family: Gliridae (dormice) ***Subfamily:

Glirinae The Glirinae are a subfamily of dormice (Gliridae); it contains two extant genera, one being monotypic and the other containing two species: Subfamily Glirinae *Genus ''Glirulus'' ** Japanese dormouse, ''Glirulus japonicus'' *Genus ''Glis'' **Eu ...

****Genus: ''

Glirulus ''Glirulus'' is a genus of dormouse. The only extant species is the Japanese dormouse ''(Glirulus japonicus)'' but fossil species indicate that the genus was widespread in Europe Europe is a continent located entirely in the Northern Hem ...

'' ***** Japanese dormouse, ''Glirulus japonicus'' (endemic;

, Dōgojima;

)

Order:
Lagomorpha The lagomorphs () are the members of the taxonomic order Lagomorpha, of which there are two living families: the Leporidae (rabbits and hares) and the Ochotonidae ( pikas). There are 110 recent species of lagomorph, of which 109 species in t ...
(hares, rabbits, and pikas)

The lagomorphs comprise two families,

Leporidae Leporidae () is the family of rabbits and hares, containing over 70 species of extant mammals in all. The family name comes from "Lepus", hare in Latin. Together with the pikas, the Leporidae constitute the mammalian order Lagomorpha. Leporidae ...

(

hare Hares and jackrabbits are mammals belonging to the genus ''Lepus''. They are herbivores and live Solitary animal, solitarily or in pairs. They nest in slight depressions called forms, and their young are precociality, able to fend for themselves ...

s and

rabbit Rabbits are small mammals in the family Leporidae (which also includes the hares), which is in the order Lagomorpha (which also includes pikas). They are familiar throughout the world as a small herbivore, a prey animal, a domesticated ...

s), and Ochotonidae (

pika A pika ( , or ) is a small, mountain-dwelling mammal native to Asia and North America. With short limbs, a very round body, an even coat of fur, and no external tail, they resemble their close relative the rabbit, but with short, rounded ears. ...

s). Though they can resemble

rodent Rodents (from Latin , 'to gnaw') are mammals of the Order (biology), order Rodentia ( ), which are characterized by a single pair of continuously growing incisors in each of the upper and Mandible, lower jaws. About 40% of all mammal specie ...

s, and were classified as a superfamily in that order until the early 20th century, they have since been considered a separate order. They differ from rodents in a number of physical characteristics, such as having four incisors in the upper jaw rather than two. *Family:

(hares and rabbits) **Genus: ''

Lepus Hares and jackrabbits are mammals belonging to the genus ''Lepus''. They are herbivores and live solitarily or in pairs. They nest in slight depressions called forms, and their young are able to fend for themselves shortly after birth. The genu ...

'' ***

Japanese hare The Japanese hare (''Lepus brachyurus'') is a species of hare endemic to Japan. In Japanese, it is called the ''Nousagi'' (Japanese: 野兎), meaning "field rabbit". Taxonomy Coenraad Jacob Temminck described the Japanese hare in 1845. The spec ...

, ''Lepus brachyurus'' (endemic;

, and adjacent smaller islands) **** Kyushu hare, ''L. b. brachyurus'' **** Oki hare, ''L. b. okiensis'' **** Sado hare, ''L. b. lyoni'' (MOE: NT)(

) **** Tōhoku hare, ''L. b. angustidens'' ***

Mountain hare The mountain hare (''Lepus timidus''), also known as blue hare, tundra hare, variable hare, white hare, snow hare, alpine hare, and Irish hare, is a species of Palearctic hare that is largely adapted to polar and mountainous habitats. Evolution ...

, ''Lepus timidus'' (

, Kunashiri, Etorofu) ****, ''L. t. ainu''(

) **Genus: '' Oryctolagus'' ***

European rabbit The European rabbit (''Oryctolagus cuniculus'') or coney is a species of rabbit native to the Iberian Peninsula (Spain, Portugal and Andorra) and southwestern France. It is the only extant species in the genus ''Oryctolagus''. The European rab ...

, ''Oryctolagus cuniculus'' (introduced;

on thirteen islands) **Genus: ''

Pentalagus The Amami rabbit (''Pentalagus furnessi''), also known as the Ryukyu rabbit, is a dark-furred species of rabbit which is found only on Amami Ōshima and Tokunoshima, two small islands between southern Kyūshū and Okinawa in Japan. Often c ...

'' *** Amami rabbit, ''Pentalagus furnessi'' (MOE: EN)(endemic to

and Tokunoshima; Special Natural Monument) *Family:

Ochotonidae A pika ( , or ) is a small, mountain-dwelling mammal native to Asia and North America. With short limbs, a very round body, an even coat of fur, and no external tail, they resemble their close relative the rabbit, but with short, rounded ears. ...

(pikas) **Genus: '' Ochotona'' *** Northern pika, ''Ochotona hyperborea'' **** , ''O. h. yesoensis'' (MOE: NT)(

)

Order:
Eulipotyphla Eulipotyphla (, from '' eu-'' + '' Lipotyphla'', meaning truly lacking blind gut; sometimes called true insectivores) is an order of mammals comprising the Erinaceidae ( hedgehogs and gymnures); Solenodontidae (solenodons); Talpidae ( mole ...
(hedgehogs, shrews, and moles)

Eulipotyphlans are insectivorous mammals.

Shrew Shrews ( family Soricidae) are small mole-like mammals classified in the order Eulipotyphla. True shrews are not to be confused with treeshrews, otter shrews, elephant shrews, West Indies shrews, or marsupial shrews, which belong to dif ...

s and

solenodon Solenodons (from , 'channel' or 'pipe' and , 'tooth') are venomous, nocturnal, burrowing, insectivorous mammals belonging to the family Solenodontidae . The two living solenodon species are the Cuban solenodon (''Atopogale cubana'') and t ...

s resemble mice,

hedgehog A hedgehog is a spiny mammal of the subfamily Erinaceinae, in the eulipotyphlan family Erinaceidae. There are 17 species of hedgehog in five genera found throughout parts of Europe, Asia, and Africa, and in New Zealand by introduction. The ...

s carry spines, gymnures look more like large rats, while moles are stout-bodied burrowers. *Family:

Erinaceidae Erinaceidae is a family in the order Eulipotyphla, consisting of the hedgehogs and moonrats. Until recently, it was assigned to the order Erinaceomorpha, which has been subsumed with the paraphyletic Soricomorpha into Eulipotyphla. Eulipotyphl ...

(hedgehogs and moonrats) **Subfamily: Erinaceinae ***Genus: '' Erinaceus'' **** Amur hedgehog, ''Erinaceus amurensis'' ( introduced; populations in the

Odawara is a Cities of Japan, city in Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan. , the city had an estimated population of 188,482 and a population density of 1,700 persons per km2. The total area of the city is . Geography Odawara lies in the Ashigara Plains, in ...

area and on the

Izu Peninsula The is a mountainous peninsula with a deeply indented coastline to the west of Tokyo on the Pacific Ocean, Pacific coast of the island of Honshu, Japan, the largest of the four main islands of Japan. Formerly known as Izu Province, Izu peninsu ...

) *Family: Soricidae (shrews) **Subfamily: Crocidurinae ***Genus: ''

Crocidura The genus ''Crocidura'' is one of nine genera of the shrew subfamily Crocidurinae. Members of the genus are commonly called white-toothed shrews or musk shrews, although both also apply to all of the species in the subfamily. With over 180 sp ...

'' **** Asian lesser white-toothed shrew, ''Crocidura shantungensis'' (MOE: NT)( Tsushima Island) **** Watase's shrew, ''Crocidura watasei'' (MOE: NT)(endemic to the Ryūkyū Islands) **** Dsinezumi shrew, ''Crocidura dsinezumi'' (from

Kagoshima , is the capital Cities of Japan, city of Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan. , the city had an estimated population of 583,966 in 285,992 households, and a population density of 1100 persons per km2. The total area of the city is . Etymology While the ...

; also

Jeju Island Jeju Island (Jeju language, Jeju/) is South Korea's largest island, covering an area of , which is 1.83% of the total area of the country. Alongside outlying islands, it is part of Jeju Province and makes up the majority of the province. The i ...

) ***** ''C. d. chisai'' ***** ''C. d. dsinezumi'' ***** ''C. d. intermedia'' ***** ''C. d. okinoshimae'' ***** ''C. d. umbrina'' **** Orii's shrew, ''Crocidura orii'' (MOE: EN)(endemic to the

Amami Islands The The name ''Amami-guntō'' was standardized on February 15, 2010. Prior to that, another name, ''Amami shotō'' (奄美諸島), was also used. is a Japanese archipelago in the Satsunan Islands, which is part of the Ryukyu Islands, and is sout ...

) ***Genus: '' Suncus'' **** House shrew, ''Suncus murinus'' ( Ryūkyū Islands,

Fukue Island is the largest and southernmost of the Gotō Islands in Japan. It is part of the city of Gotō, Nagasaki, Gotō in Nagasaki Prefecture. Gotō-Fukue Airport is on this island. As of July 31, 2016, the population is 38,481.Kyūshū is the third-largest island of Japan's four main islands and the most southerly of the four largest islands (i.e. excluding Okinawa and the other Ryukyu (''Nansei'') Islands). In the past, it has been known as , and . The historical regio ...

(

Nagasaki , officially , is the capital and the largest Cities of Japan, city of Nagasaki Prefecture on the island of Kyushu in Japan. Founded by the Portuguese, the port of Portuguese_Nagasaki, Nagasaki became the sole Nanban trade, port used for tr ...

)) ***** ''S. m. temmincki'' **Subfamily:

Soricinae The red-toothed shrews of the subfamily Soricinae are one of three living subfamilies of shrews, along with Crocidurinae (white-toothed shrews) and Myosoricinae (African white-toothed shrews). In addition, the family contains the extinct subfamil ...

***Tribe:

Nectogalini Nectogalini is a tribe of Old World shrews within the family Soricidae. As of late 2007, it consisted of six extant genera and 25 species, with some of the latter being further divided into subspecies. Some, but not all members of the tribe are ...

****Genus: '' Chimarrogale'' ***** Japanese water shrew, ''Chimarrogale platycephalus'' (endemic;

and

) ***Tribe: Soricini ****Genus: ''

Sorex The genus ''Sorex'' includes many of the common shrews of Eurasia and North America, and contains at least 142 known species and subspecies. Members of this genus, known as long-tailed shrews, are the only members of the tribe Soricini of the s ...

'' ***** Slender shrew, ''Sorex gracillimus'' (

and adjacent smaller islands) ***** Azumi shrew, ''Sorex hosonoi'' (MOE: NT)(endemic; central

) ***** Eurasian least shrew, ''Sorex minutissimus'' ****** , ''S. m. hawkeri'' (MOE: VU)(

, Kenbokki Island, Kunashiri) ***** Shinto shrew, ''Sorex shinto'' (endemic; subspecies on

, and

) ****** Sado shrew, ''S. s. sadonis'' ****** Shikoku shrew, ''S. s. shikokensis'' (MOE: NT)(

) ****** ''S. s. shinto'' ***** Laxmann's shrew, ''Sorex caecutiens'' (

, Kunashiri) ****** ''S. c. saevus'' ***** Long-clawed shrew, ''Sorex unguiculatus'' (

and adjacent smaller islands) *Family:

Talpidae The family (biology), family Talpidae () includes the true Mole (animal), moles (as well as the shrew moles and desmans) who are small insectivore, insectivorous mammals of the order (biology), order Eulipotyphla. Talpids are all fossorial, diggi ...

(moles) **Subfamily: Talpinae ***Tribe: Talpini ****Genus: ''

Euroscaptor ''Euroscaptor'' is a genus of mammal in the family Talpidae. Members are found in China and South Asia, South & Southeast Asia. It contains the following species as of October 2021: * Greater Chinese mole (''Euroscaptor grandis'') * Kloss's mole ...

'' ***** Japanese mountain mole, ''Euroscaptor mizura'' (MOE: NT)(endemic;

) ****Genus: '' Mogera'' ***** Small Japanese mole, ''Mogera imaizumii'' (endemic;

, and adjacent smaller islands) ***** Japanese mole, ''Mogera wogura'' (endemic; southern

, and adjacent smaller islands) ***** Echigo mole, ''Mogera etigo'' (MOE: EN)(endemic; Niigata) ***** Sado mole, ''Mogera tokudae'' (MOE: NT)(endemic to

) ***** Senkaku mole, ''Mogera uchidai'' (MOE: CR)(endemic to Uotsuri Island) ***Tribe: Urotrichini ****Genus: '' Urotrichus'' ***** True's shrew mole, ''Dymecodon pilirostris'' (endemic;

) ***** Japanese shrew mole, ''Urotrichus talpoides'' (endemic;

, and adjacent smaller islands)

Order:
Chiroptera Bats are flying mammals of the order Chiroptera (). With their forelimbs adapted as wings, they are the only mammals capable of true and sustained flight. Bats are more agile in flight than most birds, flying with their very long spread-out ...
(bats)

The bats' most distinguishing feature is that their forelimbs are developed as wings, making them the only mammals capable of flight. Bat species account for about 20% of all mammals. *Family: Pteropodidae (flying foxes, Old World fruit bats) **Subfamily:

Pteropodinae The Pteropodinae are a subfamily of megabats. Taxa within this subfamily are: * Genus '' Acerodon'' ** Sulawesi flying fox, ''A. celebensis'' ** Talaud flying fox, ''A. humilis'' ** Giant golden-crowned flying fox, ''A. jubatus'' ** Palawan frui ...

***Genus: ''

Pteropus ''Pteropus'' (suborder Yinpterochiroptera) is a genus of megabats which are among the largest bats in the world. They are commonly known as fruit bats or flying foxes, among other colloquial names. They live in South Asia, Southeast Asia, Aust ...

'' **** Ryukyu flying fox, ''Pteropus dasymallus'' ( Ryūkyū Islands) ***** Daito flying fox, ''P. d. daitoensis'' (MOE: CR)(

Daitō Islands The are an archipelago consisting of three isolated coral islands, administered by Japan, in the Philippine Sea southeast of Okinawa Prefecture, Okinawa. The islands have a total area of and a population of 2,107. Administratively, the whole gr ...

;

) ***** Erabu flying fox, ''P. d. dasymallus'' (MOE: CR)(

Ōsumi Islands The is an archipelago in the Ryukyu Islands, Ryukyu Archipelago, and are the northernmost group of the Ryukyu Islands, The chain extends from the southern tip of Kyushu to Yakushima. Administratively, the group belongs within Kagoshima Prefecture ...

and

Tokara Islands The is an archipelago in the Nansei Islands, and are part of the Satsunan Islands, which is in turn part of the Ryukyu Archipelago. The chain consists of twelve small islands located between Yakushima and Amami-Oshima. The islands have a total ...

) ***** Orii's flying fox, ''P. d. inopinatus'' ***** Yaeyama flying fox, ''P. d. yayeyamae'' **** Okinawa flying fox, ''Pteropus loochoensis'' (MOE: EX)(not found since a C19 record) ****

Bonin flying fox The Bonin flying fox (''Pteropus pselaphon''), also known as Bonin fruit bat, is a species of flying fox in the family Pteropodidae. It is endemic to four islands (Chichijima, Hahajima, North Iwo Jima, and South Iwo Jima) of the Bonin Island ...

, ''Pteropus pselaphon'' (MOE: EN)(endemic to

Bonin Islands The Bonin Islands, also known as the , is a list of islands of Japan, Japanese archipelago of over 30 subtropical and Island#Tropical islands, tropical islands located around SSE of Tokyo and northwest of Guam. The group as a whole has a total ...

and

Volcano Islands The or are a group of three Japanese-governed islands in Micronesia. They lie south of the Ogasawara Islands and belong to the municipality of Ogasawara, Tokyo, Tokyo Metropolis, Japan. The islands are all active volcanoes lying ato ...

) *Family:

Hipposideridae The Hipposideridae are a family (biology), family of bats commonly known as the Old World leaf-nosed bats. While it has often been seen as a subfamily, Hipposiderinae, of the family Rhinolophidae, it is now more generally classified as its own fa ...

**Genus: '' Hipposideros'' *** Lesser great leaf-nosed bat, ''Hipposideros turpis'' (endemic to

Yaeyama Islands The Yaeyama Islands (八重山列島 ''Yaeyama-rettō'', also 八重山諸島 ''Yaeyama-shotō'', Yaeyama: ''Yaima'', Yonaguni: ''Daama'', Okinawan: ''Yeema'', Northern Ryukyuan: ''Yapema'') are an archipelago in the southwest of Okinawa Pref ...

) *Family: Rhinolophidae **Genus: '' Rhinolophus'' ***

Greater horseshoe bat The greater horseshoe bat (''Rhinolophus ferrumequinum'') is an Insectivore, insectivorous bat of the genus ''Rhinolophus''. Its distribution covers Europe, Northern Africa, Central Asia and Eastern Asia. It is the largest of the horseshoe bats i ...

, ''Rhinolophus ferrumequinum'' (widely distributed) *** Imaizumi's horseshoe bat ''Rhinolophus imaizumii''(endemic) *** Little Japanese horseshoe bat, ''Rhinolophus cornutus'' (endemic; widely distributed) **** ''R. c. cornutus'' **** Orii's least horseshoe bat, ''R. c. orii'' (MOE: EN)(

) *** , ''Rhinolophus pumilus'' (endemic to

) **** , ''R. p. pumilus'' (MOE: EN)(

) **** , ''R. p. miyakonis'' (MOE: EX)( Miyako Island) *** Yaeyama little horseshoe bat, ''Rhinolophus perditus'' (MOE: VU)(endemic to the

) *Family: Molossidae **Genus: '' Tadarida'' *** East Asian free-tailed bat, ''Tadarida insignis'' (MOE: VU)(not found in

) *** La Touche's free-tailed bat, ''Tadarida latouchei'' (MOE: DD)(

, Kuchinoerabu-jima) *Family: Miniopteridae **Genus: '' Miniopterus'' *** Eastern bent-wing bat, ''Miniopterus fuliginosus'' (

, and adjacent smaller islands) *** Southeast Asian long-fingered bat, ''Miniopterus fuscus'' (MOE: EN)(endemic to Ryūkyū Islands) *Family:

Vespertilionidae Vespertilionidae is a family of microbats, of the order Chiroptera, flying, insect-eating mammals variously described as the common, vesper, or simple nosed bats. The vespertilionid family is the most diverse and widely distributed of bat familie ...

**Subfamily:

Vespertilioninae The Vespertilioninae are a subfamily of vesper bats from the family Vespertilionidae. Classification Subfamily Vespertilioninae *Tribe Antrozoini **Genus '' Antrozous'' *** Pallid bat, ''Antrozous pallidus'' **Genus '' Bauerus'' *** Van Ge ...

***Genus: '' Eptesicus'' **** Japanese short-tailed bat, ''Eptesicus japonensis'' (MOE: VU)(endemic; central

) **** Northern bat, ''Eptesicus nilssoni'' (

, Kunashiri, Etorofu) ***Genus: '' Nyctalus'' **** Birdlike noctule, ''Nyctalus aviator'' (MOE: VU)(widely distributed) **** Japanese noctule, ''Nyctalus furvus'' (MOE: EN)(endemic; central and northern

) ***Genus: ''

Pipistrellus ''Pipistrellus'' is a genus of bats in the family Vespertilionidae and subfamily Vespertilioninae. The name of the genus is derived from the Italian word , meaning "bat" (from Latin "bird of evening, bat"). The size of the genus has been co ...

'' ****

Japanese pipistrelle The Japanese house bat (''Pipistrellus abramus''), also known as Japanese pipistrelle, is a species of vesper bat. An adult has a body length of , a tail of , and a wing length of . It prefers to roost under the ceiling or inside the roof of ol ...

, ''Pipistrellus abramus'' (widely distributed) ****

Endo's pipistrelle Endo's pipistrelle (''Pipistrellus endoi'') is a species of vesper bat that is endemic to Japan. It is found in temperate forests. Etymology This species was described by Japanese zoologist Yoshinori Imaizumi in 1959. He named it ''endoi'' af ...

, ''Pipistrellus endoi'' (MOE: VU)(endemic;

and

) **** Sturdee's pipistrelle, ''Pipistrellus sturdeei'' (MOE: EX)(endemic; not found since the

type specimen In biology, a type is a particular wikt:en:specimen, specimen (or in some cases a group of specimens) of an organism to which the scientific name of that organism is formally associated. In other words, a type is an example that serves to ancho ...

was collected on Hahajima in 1915) ***Genus: '' Barbastella'' **** Asian barbastelle, ''Barbastella leucomelas'' ***** Eastern barbastelle, ''B. l. darielingensis''(

, Kunashiri,

and

) ***Genus: '' Plecotus'' **** Japanese long-eared bat, ''Plecotus sacrimontis'' (endemic; not found in

) ***Genus: '' Hypsugo'' **** Alashanian pipistrelle, ''Hypsugo alaschanicus'' (MOE: DD)(found in

and

, and on Tsushima Island) **** Savi's pipistrelle, ''Hypsugo savii'' ***Genus: ''

Vespertilio ''Vespertilio'' is a genus of bats in the family Vespertilionidae. The common name for this family is vesper bats, which is a better-known classification than ''Vespertilio''. They are also known as frosted bats. Species within the genus ''Vesp ...

'' **** Particoloured bat, ''Vespertilio murinus'' (MOE: DD)(found in

, and Ishikawa) **** Asian particoloured bat, ''Vespertilio sinensis'' (widely distributed; not found in

) **Subfamily: Myotinae ***Genus: ''

Myotis The mouse-eared bats or myotises are a diverse and widespread genus (''Myotis'') of bats within the family Vespertilionidae. The noun "''myotis''" itself is a Neo-Latin construction, from the Greek "''muós'' (meaning "mouse") and "''oûs''" ( ...

'' **** Reddish-black myotis, ''Myotis rufoniger'' (MOE: CR) (as Hodgson's bat, ''Myotis formosus'')(found on Tsushima) **** Fraternal myotis, ''Myotis frater'' (north from

Gifu is a Cities of Japan, city located in the south-central portion of Gifu Prefecture, Japan, and serves as the prefectural capital. The city has played an important role in Japan's history because of its location in the middle of the country. Durin ...

) **** Ussuri whiskered bat, ''Myotis gracilis'' (as Siberian bat ''Myotis sibiricus'') (MOE: VU)(

, Kunashiri, Etorofu) **** Ikonnikov's bat, ''Myotis ikonnikovi'' (

, Kunashiri,

) ***** ''M. i. hosonoi'' ***** ''M. i. ikonnikovi'' **** Big-footed myotis, ''Myotis macrodactylus'' (widely distributed) **** Far Eastern myotis, ''Myotis bombinus'' (MOE: VU) (as ''Myotis nattereri bombinus'')(widely distributed; not found in

) **** Eastern water bat, ''Myotis petax'' (

, Kunashiri, Etorofu) **** Frosted myotis, ''Myotis pruinosus'' (MOE: VU)(endemic;

) **** Yanbaru whiskered bat, ''Myotis yanbarensis'' (MOE: CR)(endemic to Ryūkyū Islands) **Subfamily: Murininae ***Genus: '' Murina'' **** Hilgendorf's tube-nosed bat, ''Murina hilgendorfi'' (widely distributed; not found in

) **** Ryukyu tube-nosed bat, ''Murina ryukyuana'' (MOE: EN)(endemic to Ryūkyū Islands) **** Gloomy tube-nosed bat, ''Murina tenebrosa'' (MOE: DD)(endemic; not found since the

was collected on Tsushima Island in 1962) **** Ussuri tube-nosed bat, ''Murina ussuriensis'' (widely distributed; not found in

)

Order:
Carnivora Carnivora ( ) is an order of placental mammals specialized primarily in eating flesh, whose members are formally referred to as carnivorans. The order Carnivora is the sixth largest order of mammals, comprising at least 279 species. Carnivor ...
(carnivorans)

There are over 260 species of carnivorans, the majority of which feed primarily on meat. They have a characteristic skull shape and dentition. Wolves and otters are now believed to be extinct in Japan. *Suborder:

Feliformia Feliformia is a suborder within the order Carnivora consisting of "cat-like" carnivorans, including Felidae, cats (large and small), hyenas, mongooses, viverrids, and related taxa. Feliformia stands in contrast to the other suborder of Carnivora, ...

**Family:

Felidae Felidae ( ) is the Family (biology), family of mammals in the Order (biology), order Carnivora colloquially referred to as cats. A member of this family is also called a felid ( ). The 41 extant taxon, extant Felidae species exhibit the gre ...

(cats) ***Subfamily:

Felinae The small cats or Felinae are a subfamily of Felidae distinguished by their bony hyoids, which let them purr but not roar. Other authors have proposed an alternative definition for this subfamily, as comprising only the living conical-toothed cat ...

****Genus: ''

Prionailurus ''Prionailurus'' is a genus of spotted, small wild cats native to Asia. Forests are their preferred habitat; they feed on small mammals, reptiles and birds, and occasionally aquatic wildlife. Taxonomy ''Prionailurus'' was first proposed by ...

'' *****

Leopard cat The leopard cat (''Prionailurus bengalensis'') is a Felinae, small wild cat native to continental South Asia, South, Southeast Asia, Southeast, and East Asia. Since 2002 it has been listed as Least Concern on the IUCN Red List as it is widely di ...

, ''Prionailurus bengalensis'' ****** '' P. b. euptilurus'', two populations: ******* Tsushima leopard cat a(MOE: CR)( Tsushima Island;

) ******* Iriomote cat (MOE: CR)( Iriomote; Special Natural Monument) ****Genus: ''

Lynx A lynx ( ; : lynx or lynxes) is any of the four wikt:extant, extant species (the Canada lynx, Iberian lynx, Eurasian lynx and the bobcat) within the medium-sized wild Felidae, cat genus ''Lynx''. The name originated in Middle Engl ...

'' *****

Eurasian lynx The Eurasian lynx (''Lynx lynx'') is one of the four wikt:extant, extant species within the medium-sized wild Felidae, cat genus ''Lynx''. It is widely distributed from Northern Europe, Northern, Central Europe, Central and Eastern Europe to Cent ...

, ''Lynx lynx'' extirpated in prehistory ***Subfamily:

Pantherinae The Pantherinae is a subfamily of the Felidae; it was named and first described by Reginald Innes Pocock in 1917 as only including the ''Panthera'' species, but later also came to include the clouded leopards (genus ''Neofelis''). The Pantherin ...

****Genus: ''

Panthera ''Panthera'' is a genus within the family (biology), family Felidae, and one of two extant genera in the subfamily Pantherinae. It contains the largest living members of the cat family. There are five living species: the jaguar, leopard, lion, ...

'' *****

Leopard The leopard (''Panthera pardus'') is one of the five extant cat species in the genus ''Panthera''. It has a pale yellowish to dark golden fur with dark spots grouped in rosettes. Its body is slender and muscular reaching a length of with a ...

, ''Panthera pardus'' extirpated in prehistory *****

Tiger The tiger (''Panthera tigris'') is a large Felidae, cat and a member of the genus ''Panthera'' native to Asia. It has a powerful, muscular body with a large head and paws, a long tail and orange fur with black, mostly vertical stripes. It is ...

, ''Panthera tigris'' extirpated in prehistory **Family:

Viverridae Viverridae is a family (biology), family of small to medium-sized feliform mammals, comprising 14 genera with 33 species. This family was named and first described by John Edward Gray in 1821. Viverrids occur all over Africa, in southern Europe, ...

(civets) ***Genus: '' Paguma'' ****

Masked palm civet The masked palm civet (''Paguma larvata''), also called the gem-faced civet or Himalayan palm civet, is a viverrid species native to the Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia. It has been listed as least concern on the IUCN Red List since 2008 ...

, ''Paguma larvata'' ( introduced;

Ryukyu The , also known as the or the , are a chain of Japanese islands that stretch southwest from Kyushu to Geography of Taiwan, Taiwan: the Ryukyu Islands are divided into the Satsunan Islands (Ōsumi Islands, Ōsumi, Tokara Islands, Tokara and A ...

) **Family: Herpestidae ***Genus: '' Urva'' **** Small Indian mongoose, ''Urva auropunctata'' ( introduced on

and

and in areas of the cities of Satsumasendai and

) *Suborder:

Caniformia Caniformia is a suborder within the order Carnivora consisting of "dog-like" carnivorans. They include Canidae, dogs (Wolf, wolves, foxes, etc.), bears, raccoons, and Mustelidae, mustelids. The Pinnipedia (pinniped, seals, walruses and sea lions) ...

**Family:

Canidae Canidae (; from Latin, ''canis'', "dog") is a family (biology), biological family of caniform carnivorans, constituting a clade. A member of this family is also called a canid (). The family includes three subfamily, subfamilies: the Caninae, a ...

(dogs, foxes) ***Genus: ''

Vulpes '' Vulpes '' is a genus of the subfamily Caninae. The members of this genus are colloquially referred to as true foxes, meaning they form a proper clade. The word "fox" occurs in the common names of all species of the genus, but also appears in ...

'' ****

Red fox The red fox (''Vulpes vulpes'') is the largest of the true foxes and one of the most widely distributed members of the order Carnivora, being present across the entire Northern Hemisphere including most of North America, Europe and Asia, plus ...

, ''Vulpes vulpes'' ***** , ''V. v. japonica''(

) ***** Ezo red fox, ''V. v. schrencki''(

) ***Genus: '' Nyctereutes'' **** Japanese raccoon dog, ''Nyctereutes viverrinus'' (endemic;

, and adjacent smaller islands; tanuki habitat in Yamaguchi is a

) ***** , ''N. v. albus''(

, Okushiri Island) ***** ''N. v. viverrinus'' ***Genus: ''

Canis ''Canis'' is a genus of the Caninae which includes multiple extant taxon, extant species, such as Wolf, wolves, dogs, coyotes, and golden jackals. Species of this genus are distinguished by their moderate to large size, their massive, well-develo ...

'' ****

Grey wolf The wolf (''Canis lupus''; : wolves), also known as the grey wolf or gray wolf, is a canine native to Eurasia and North America. More than thirty subspecies of ''Canis lupus'' have been recognized, including the dog and dingo, though gr ...

, ''Canis lupus'' extirpated *****

, ''C. l. hattai'' (

) ***** Japanese wolf, ''C. l. hodophilax'' (

) **Family:

Ursidae Bears are carnivoran mammals of the family (biology), family Ursidae (). They are classified as caniforms, or doglike carnivorans. Although only eight species of bears are extant, they are widespread, appearing in a wide variety of habitats ...

(bears) ***Genus: '' Ursus'' ****

Brown bear The brown bear (''Ursus arctos'') is a large bear native to Eurasia and North America. Of the land carnivorans, it is rivaled in size only by its closest relative, the polar bear, which is much less variable in size and slightly bigger on av ...

, ''Ursus arctos'' ***** Ussuri brown bear, ''U. a. lasiotus''(

, Kunashiri, Etorofu) **** Asiatic black bear, ''Ursus thibetanus'' ***** Japanese black bear, ''U. t. japonicus''(

and

, formerly also

) **Family: Procyonidae (raccoons) ***Genus: ''

Procyon Procyon () is the brightest star in the constellation of Canis Minor and usually the list of brightest stars, eighth-brightest star in the night sky, with an apparent visual magnitude of 0.34. It has the Bayer designation α Canis Min ...

'' ****

Raccoon The raccoon ( or , ''Procyon lotor''), sometimes called the North American, northern or common raccoon (also spelled racoon) to distinguish it from Procyonina, other species of raccoon, is a mammal native to North America. It is the largest ...

, ''Procyon lotor'' ( introduced from the Americas) **Family:

Mustelidae The Mustelidae (; from Latin , weasel) are a diverse family of carnivora, carnivoran mammals, including weasels, badgers, otters, polecats, martens, grisons, and wolverines. Otherwise known as mustelids (), they form the largest family in the s ...

(mustelids) ***Genus: '' Meles'' ****

Japanese badger The Japanese badger (''Meles anakuma'') is a species of carnivoran of the family Mustelidae, the weasels and their kin. Endemic to Japan, it is found on Honshu, Kyushu, Shikoku, and Shōdoshima. It shares the genus '' Meles'' with its close rel ...

, ''Meles anakuma'' (endemic;

) ***Genus: ''

Enhydra ''Enhydra'' is a genus of mustelid that contains the sea otter and two extinct relatives. It is the only extant genus of the bunodont otters group, referring to otters with non-blade carnassials with rounded cusps. Sea otters probably diverged ...

'' ****

Sea otter The sea otter (''Enhydra lutris'') is a marine mammal native to the coasts of the northern and eastern Pacific Ocean, North Pacific Ocean. Adult sea otters typically weigh between , making them the heaviest members of ...

, ''Enhydra lutris'' (MOE: CR)(eastern

) ***Genus: ''

Lutra ''Lutra'' is a genus of otters, one of seven in the subfamily Lutrinae. Taxonomy and evolution The genus includes these species: Extant species Extinct species *†'' Lutra affinis'' *†'' Lutra bressana '' *†'' Lutra bravardi'' ...

'' ****

Eurasian otter The Eurasian otter (''Lutra lutra''), also known as the European otter, Eurasian river otter, European river otter, common otter, and Old World otter, is a semiaquatic mammal native to Eurasia and the Maghreb. The most widely distributed member o ...

, ''Lutra lutra'' ( Tsushima Island) ***** Japanese river otter, ''L. l. nippon''(MOE: EX)(last recorded on

in 1954 and in Kōchi in 1979) ***** Hokkaido river otter, ''L. l. whiteleyi''(MOE: EX) ***Genus: '' Martes'' **** Japanese marten, ''Martes melampus'' (endemic;

) ***** ''M. m. melampus'' ***** , ''M. m. tsuensis'' (MOE: NT)(endemic; Tsushima Island;

) ****

Sable The sable (''Martes zibellina'') is a species of marten, a small omnivorous mammal primarily inhabiting the forest environments of Russia, from the Ural Mountains throughout Siberia, and northern Mongolia. Its habitat also borders eastern Kaz ...

, ''Martes zibellina'' ***** , ''M. z. brachyura'' (MOE: EN)(

) ***Genus: '' Mustela'' ****

Stoat The stoat (''Mustela erminea''), also known as the Eurasian ermine or ermine, is a species of mustelid native to Eurasia and the northern regions of North America. Because of its wide circumpolar distribution, it is listed as Least Concern on th ...

, ''Mustela erminea'' ***** , ''M. e. nippon'' (MOE: NT)(central and northern

) ***** , ''M. e. orientalis'' (MOE: NT)(

) **** Japanese weasel, ''Mustela itatsi'' (endemic to

, and adjacent smaller islands; introduced to

, Rebun Island, Ryūkyū Islands, etc., for rat control) ***** ''M. i. itatsi'' ***** Yakushima weasel, ''M. i. sho'' **** Siberian weasel, ''Mustela sibirica'' (MOE: EN)(native on Tsushima Island, introduced to western Japan) ***** ''M. s. coreana''( Tsushima Island) **** Least weasel, ''Mustela nivalis'' ***** , ''M. n. namiyei'' (MOE: NT)( Tōhoku) ***** , ''M. n. nivalis''(

) ***Genus: ''Neogale'' **** American mink, ''Neogale vison'' ( introduced;

, Nagano Prefecture, Nagano, Fukushima Prefecture, Fukushima; records from elsewhere in

and

) **Family: Otariidae (eared seals, sealions) ***Genus: ''Callorhinus'' **** Northern fur seal, ''Callorhinus ursinus'' (northern Japan) ***Genus: ''Eumetopias'' **** Steller sea lion, ''Eumetopias jubatus'' (MOE: NT) ***** Western Steller sea lion, ''E. j. jubatus'' (

and Shimokita Peninsula) ***Genus: ''Zalophus'' ****

, ''Zalophus japonicus'' (MOE: CR)(last recorded on Takeshima in 1975) **Family: Phocidae (earless seals) ***Genus: ''Erignathus'' **** Bearded seal, ''Erignathus barbatus'' (

and Vagrancy (biology), vagrant) ***** Pacific bearded seal, ''E. b. nauticus'' (vagrant) ***Genus: ''Histriophoca'' **** Ribbon seal, ''Histriophoca fasciata'' (northeast

) ***Genus: ''Mirounga'' **** Northern elephant seal, ''Mirounga angustirostris'' (vagrant) ***Genus: ''Phoca'' **** Spotted seal, ''Phoca largha'' (

) **** Harbour seal, ''Phoca vitulina'' (MOE: NT)(

) ***** Kuril seal, ''P. v. stejnegeri'' (eastern

) ***Genus: ''Pusa'' **** Ringed seal, ''Pusa hispida'' (especially northern

)

Order: Artiodactyla (even-toed ungulates)

The even-toed ungulates are ungulates whose weight is borne about equally by the third and fourth toes, rather than mostly or entirely by the third as in perissodactyls. There are about 220 terrestrial artiodactyl species, including many that are of great economic importance to humans. Artiodactyla also includes the infraorder Cetacea, which includes whales, dolphins and porpoises. Cetaceans are the mammals most fully adapted to aquatic life with a spindle-shaped nearly hairless body, protected by a thick layer of blubber, and forelimbs and tail modified to provide propulsion underwater. *Family: Suidae (pigs) **Subfamily: Suinae ****Genus: ''Sus (genus), Sus'' ***** Wild boar, ''Sus scrofa'' ****** Japanese boar, ''S. s. leucomystax''(

south from Fukushima Prefecture, Fukushima,

, Awaji Island) ****** ''S. s. riukiuanus''( Ryūkyū Islands; half as massive as ''Sus scrofa leucomystax'') *Family: Cervidae (deer) **Subfamily: Cervinae ****Genus: ''Muntiacus'' ***** Reeves's muntjac, ''Muntiacus reevesi'' ( introduced; southern Chiba and Izu Ōshima) ****Genus: ''Rusa (genus), Rusa'' ***** Sambar deer, ''Rusa unicolor'' ****** Bonin sambar, ''R. u. boninensis''(EX) ****Genus: ''Cervus'' ***** Sika deer, ''Cervus nippon'' (widely distributed; Kerama deer and their habitat, and the deer of Nara (city), Nara, are

s) ****** Northern Honshu sika deer, ''C. n. aplodontus'' ****** Honshu sika deer, ''C. n. centralis'' ****** Kerama deer, ''C. n. keramae'' ****** Mageshima deer, ''C. n. mageshimae'' ****** ''C. n. nippon'' ****** Tsushima deer, ''C. n. pulchellus'' ****** , ''C. n. yakushimae'' ****** Yezo sika deer, ''C. n. yesoensis'' *Family: Bovidae (cattle, antelope, sheep, goats) **Subfamily: Caprinae ****Genus: ''Capricornis'' ***** Japanese serow, ''Capricornis crispus'' (endemic;

; Special Natural Monument) *Infraorder:

**Parvorder: Mysticeti ***Family: Balaenidae ****Genus: ''Eubalaena'' ***** North Pacific right whale, ''Eubalaena japonica'' ***Family: Balaenopteridae ****Subfamily: Balaenopterinae *****Genus: ''Balaenoptera'' ****** Common minke whale, ''Balaenoptera acutorostrata'' ****** Sei whale, ''Balaenoptera borealis'' ****** Bryde's whale, ''Balaenoptera edeni'' ****** Omura's whale, ''Balaenoptera omurai'' ****** Blue whale, ''Balaenoptera musculus'' (no recent records in neighbouring waters) ****** Fin whale, ''Balaenoptera physalus'' ****Subfamily: Megapterinae *****Genus: ''Megaptera'' ****** Humpback whale, ''Megaptera novaeangliae'' (regular sightings in the Ogasawara Islands and

) ***Family: Eschrichtiidae ****Genus: ''Eschrichtius'' ***** Grey whale, ''Eschrichtius robustus'' (occasional sightings of western subpopulation ) **Parvorder: Odontoceti ***Superfamily: Platanistoidea ****Family: Monodontidae *****Genus: ''Delphinapterus'' ****** Beluga (whale), Beluga, ''Delphinapterus leucas'' vagrant *****Family: Phocoenidae *****Genus: ''Neophocaena'' ****** Yangtze finless porpoise, Narrow-ridged finless porpoise, ''Neophocaena asiaeorientalis'' *****Genus: ''Phocoena'' ****** Harbour porpoise, ''Phocoena phocoena'' *****Genus: ''Phocoenoides'' ****** Dall's porpoise, ''Phocoenoides dalli'' *****Family: Physeteridae *****Genus: ''Physeter'' ****** Sperm whale, ''Physeter macrocephalus'' ****Family: Kogiidae *****Genus: ''Kogia'' ****** Pygmy sperm whale, ''Kogia breviceps'' ****** Dwarf sperm whale, ''Kogia sima'' ****Family: Ziphidae *****Genus: ''Ziphius'' ****** Cuvier's beaked whale, ''Ziphius cavirostris'' *****Genus: ''Berardius'' ****** Baird's beaked whale, ''Berardius bairdii'' ****** Sato's beaked whale, ''Berardius minimus'' *****Subfamily: Hyperoodontinae ******Genus: ''Indopacetus'' ******* Tropical bottlenose whale, Indo-Pacific beaked whale, ''Indopacetus pacificus'' ******Genus: ''Mesoplodon'' ******* Hubbs' beaked whale, ''Mesoplodon carlhubbsi'' ******* Blainville's beaked whale, ''Mesoplodon densirostris'' * ******* Ginkgo-toothed beaked whale, ''Mesoplodon ginkgodens'' ******* Stejneger's beaked whale, ''Mesoplodon stejnegeri'' ****Family: Delphinidae (marine dolphins) *****Genus: ''Steno (genus), Steno'' ****** Rough-toothed dolphin, ''Steno bredanensis'' *****Genus: ''Tursiops'' ****** Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphin, ''Tursiops aduncus'' ****** Common bottlenose dolphin, ''Tursiops truncatus'' *****Genus: ''Stenella'' ****** Pantropical spotted dolphin, ''Stenella attenuata'' ****** Striped dolphin, ''Stenella coeruleoalba'' ****** Spinner dolphin, ''Stenella longirostris'' (common around the Ogasawara Islands) *****Genus: ''Common dolphin, Delphinus'' ****** Long-beaked common dolphin, ''Delphinus capensis'' ****** Short-beaked common dolphin, ''Delphinus delphis'' *****Genus: ''Lagenodelphis'' ****** Fraser's dolphin, ''Lagenodelphis hosei'' *****Genus: ''Sagmatias'' ****** Pacific white-sided dolphin, ''Sagmatias obliquidens'' *****Genus: ''Lissodelphis'' ****** Northern right whale dolphin, ''Lissodelphis borealis'' *****Genus: ''Grampus (genus), Grampus'' ****** Risso's dolphin, ''Grampus griseus'' *****Genus: ''Peponocephala'' ****** Melon-headed whale, ''Peponocephala electra'' *****Genus: ''Feresa'' ****** Pygmy killer whale, ''Feresa attenuata'' *****Genus: ''Pseudorca'' ****** False killer whale, ''Pseudorca crassidens'' *****Genus: ''Orcinus'' ****** Orca, ''Orcinus orca'' *****Genus: ''Globicephala'' ****** Short-finned pilot whale, ''Globicephala macrorhynchus''

References

* {{Asia topic, List of mammals of Mammals of Japan, .List Lists of biota of Japan, Mammals Lists of mammals of Asia, Japan Lists of mammals by country, Japan

Order: Sirenia The Sirenia (), commonly referred to as sea cows or sirenians, are an order of fully aquatic, herbivorous mammals that inhabit swamps, rivers, estuaries, marine wetlands, and coastal marine waters. The extant Sirenia comprise two distinct famili ... (manatees and dugongs)

Order: Primate Primates is an order (biology), order of mammals, which is further divided into the Strepsirrhini, strepsirrhines, which include lemurs, galagos, and Lorisidae, lorisids; and the Haplorhini, haplorhines, which include Tarsiiformes, tarsiers a ...s

Order: Rodent Rodents (from Latin , 'to gnaw') are mammals of the Order (biology), order Rodentia ( ), which are characterized by a single pair of continuously growing incisors in each of the upper and Mandible, lower jaws. About 40% of all mammal specie ...ia (rodents)

Order: Lagomorpha The lagomorphs () are the members of the taxonomic order Lagomorpha, of which there are two living families: the Leporidae (rabbits and hares) and the Ochotonidae ( pikas). There are 110 recent species of lagomorph, of which 109 species in t ... (hares, rabbits, and pikas)

Order: Eulipotyphla Eulipotyphla (, from '' eu-'' + '' Lipotyphla'', meaning truly lacking blind gut; sometimes called true insectivores) is an order of mammals comprising the Erinaceidae ( hedgehogs and gymnures); Solenodontidae (solenodons); Talpidae ( mole ... (hedgehogs, shrews, and moles)

Order: Chiroptera Bats are flying mammals of the order Chiroptera (). With their forelimbs adapted as wings, they are the only mammals capable of true and sustained flight. Bats are more agile in flight than most birds, flying with their very long spread-out ... (bats)

Order: Carnivora Carnivora ( ) is an order of placental mammals specialized primarily in eating flesh, whose members are formally referred to as carnivorans. The order Carnivora is the sixth largest order of mammals, comprising at least 279 species. Carnivor ... (carnivorans)

Order: Artiodactyla (even-toed ungulates)

See also

References

Order:
Sirenia The Sirenia (), commonly referred to as sea cows or sirenians, are an order of fully aquatic, herbivorous mammals that inhabit swamps, rivers, estuaries, marine wetlands, and coastal marine waters. The extant Sirenia comprise two distinct famili ...
(manatees and dugongs)

Order:
Primate Primates is an order (biology), order of mammals, which is further divided into the Strepsirrhini, strepsirrhines, which include lemurs, galagos, and Lorisidae, lorisids; and the Haplorhini, haplorhines, which include Tarsiiformes, tarsiers a ...
s

Order:
Rodent Rodents (from Latin , 'to gnaw') are mammals of the Order (biology), order Rodentia ( ), which are characterized by a single pair of continuously growing incisors in each of the upper and Mandible, lower jaws. About 40% of all mammal specie ...
ia (rodents)

Order:
Lagomorpha The lagomorphs () are the members of the taxonomic order Lagomorpha, of which there are two living families: the Leporidae (rabbits and hares) and the Ochotonidae ( pikas). There are 110 recent species of lagomorph, of which 109 species in t ...
(hares, rabbits, and pikas)

Order:
Eulipotyphla Eulipotyphla (, from '' eu-'' + '' Lipotyphla'', meaning truly lacking blind gut; sometimes called true insectivores) is an order of mammals comprising the Erinaceidae ( hedgehogs and gymnures); Solenodontidae (solenodons); Talpidae ( mole ...
(hedgehogs, shrews, and moles)

Order:
Chiroptera Bats are flying mammals of the order Chiroptera (). With their forelimbs adapted as wings, they are the only mammals capable of true and sustained flight. Bats are more agile in flight than most birds, flying with their very long spread-out ...
(bats)

Order:
Carnivora Carnivora ( ) is an order of placental mammals specialized primarily in eating flesh, whose members are formally referred to as carnivorans. The order Carnivora is the sixth largest order of mammals, comprising at least 279 species. Carnivor ...
(carnivorans)