Macerata () is a city and ''
comune
The (; plural: ) is a local administrative division of Italy, roughly equivalent to a township or municipality. It is the third-level administrative division of Italy, after regions ('' regioni'') and provinces (''province''). The can also ...
'' in central Italy, the county seat of
the province of Macerata in the
Marche region. It has a population of about 41,564.
History
The historical city centre is on a hill between the
Chienti and
Potenza rivers. It first consisted of the
Picenes city named
Ricina
Ricina or Helvia Recina (present Villa Potenza) was a Roman town located in the lower Potenza valley, the contemporary Italian region Marche.
Geography
In the lower Potenza valley, on the left bank of the river Flosis (modern River Potenza), some ...
(''Helvia Recina''), then, after its romanization, Recina and Helvia Recina. After the destruction of Helvia Recina by the barbarians, the inhabitants took shelter in the hills and eventually began to rebuild the city, first on the top of the hills, before descending again later and expanding. The newly rebuilt town was Macerata. It became a municipality (or
comune
The (; plural: ) is a local administrative division of Italy, roughly equivalent to a township or municipality. It is the third-level administrative division of Italy, after regions ('' regioni'') and provinces (''province''). The can also ...
in Italian) in August 1138.
20th century
The ''comune'' of
Urbisaglia
Urbisaglia is a ''comune'' in the province of Macerata, Marche, Italy. Its name comes from the ancient Roman town Urbs Salvia.
History
Situated in the Regio V Picenum, along the via Salaria Gallica, the town was founded during the 2nd century ...
was the location of an internment camp for Jews and refugees, and a
prisoner-of-war camp (PG53, at
Sforzacosta)
during
World War II
World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposing ...
.
21st century
According to Jason Horowitz of ''
The New York Times
''The New York Times'' (''the Times'', ''NYT'', or the Gray Lady) is a daily newspaper based in New York City with a worldwide readership reported in 2020 to comprise a declining 840,000 paid print subscribers, and a growing 6 million paid d ...
'', Macerata was initially welcoming to migrants coming from Africa, and in 2013 the town "won national recognition for its integration efforts". Horowitz stated that by 2018 Macerata residents had a more negative view of migrants.
In February 2018, an Italian woman,
Pamela Mastropietro, was found dead in a suitcase in Macerata, with her body in pieces; a Nigerian was arrested and accused of causing the death. This caused an increase in anti-migrant sentiment; later that month an Italian far-right extremist, Luca Traini,
shot six black people in Macerata and wrapped himself in the Italian flag.
Geography
Subdivisions
The town counts several hamlets (''
frazioni'') and localities: Acquesalate, Acquevive, Botonto San Giacomo, Botonto Sant'Isidoro, Cervare, Cimarella, Cincinelli, Consalvi, Corneto, Helvia Recina, Isola, Madonna del Monte, Montanello, Piediripa, Sforzacosta, Valle, Vallebona, Valteia, Villa Potenza.
Climate
Typically hilly, the climate is both Mediterranean and continental. The
Adriatic Sea
The Adriatic Sea () is a body of water separating the Italian Peninsula from the Balkan Peninsula. The Adriatic is the northernmost arm of the Mediterranean Sea, extending from the Strait of Otranto (where it connects to the Ionian Sea) to t ...
, which is approximately away, and particularly the
Apennine Mountains influence the weather. The elevation of Macerata is approximately above sea level, so winter is particularly rainy and the snow is not so frequent and plentiful. Balkanic and northwestern perturbations may cause snow. Middle seasons are variable, and late snowfall and frost may occur during April. October is neither warm nor very cold. Summer is rather sunny, and sometimes the thermometer reaches . Garbino is the cause, a hot wind from the hinterland. Summer thunderstorms are frequent in August during the evening, when the weather becomes quite unstable.
Government
Main sights
In the central Piazza della Libertà is the ''Loggia dei Mercanti'' with two-tier
arcade
Arcade most often refers to:
* Arcade game, a coin-operated game machine
** Arcade cabinet, housing which holds an arcade game's hardware
** Arcade system board, a standardized printed circuit board
* Amusement arcade, a place with arcade games
* ...
s dating from the
Renaissance
The Renaissance ( , ) , from , with the same meanings. is a period in European history
The history of Europe is traditionally divided into four time periods: prehistoric Europe (prior to about 800 BC), classical antiquity (800 BC to AD ...
. There are a number of striking palazzi, mostly along Corso Matteotti, including ''Palazzo dei Diamanti''. Next to the Loggia dei Mercanti, Corso della Repubblica leads to Piazza Vittorio Veneto where, in the Palazzo Ricci, houses the city's modern art gallery. The nearby ''
Palazzo Buonaccorsi'' houses the main civic art museum, as well as a Carriage Museum. The palace was built in 1700–1720 for Count Raimondo Buonaccorsi and his son Cardinal Simone Buonaccorsi using designs by Giovanni Battista Contini. The piano nobile is known for the ''Sala dell'Eneide'' (Hall of the Aeneid), decorated with frescoes depicting episodes of the
Aeneid
The ''Aeneid'' ( ; la, Aenē̆is or ) is a Latin epic poem, written by Virgil between 29 and 19 BC, that tells the legendary story of Aeneas, a Trojan who fled the fall of Troy and travelled to Italy, where he became the ancestor of th ...
depicted by
Rambaldi,
Dardani,
Solimena, and canvases by
Garzi and
Giovanni Gioseffo dal Sole. Among the museum's masterpieces is the Renaissance work of the ''Madonna and Child'' by
Carlo Crivelli.
The
Biblioteca Comunale Mozzi Borgetti, the main civic library of Macerata, founded in the 18th century, is housed in the former Jesuit seminary, located on Piazza Vittorio Veneto.
The
University of Macerata
The University of Macerata ( it, Università degli Studi di Macerata) is a public university located in Macerata, Italy. It is one of the oldest universities in Europe that are still functioning.https://thefunkonme.com/top-10-oldest-universities ...
was founded in 1290 and has about 13,000 students; Macerata also has an
art school
An art school is an educational institution with a primary focus on the visual arts, including fine art – especially illustration, painting, photography, sculpture, and graphic design. Art schools can offer elementary, secondary, post-second ...
, two publishing houses (Liberilibri and Quodlibet),
jazz
Jazz is a music genre that originated in the African-American communities of New Orleans, Louisiana in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, with its roots in blues and ragtime. Since the 1920s Jazz Age, it has been recognized as a m ...
clubs and the like.
Just north of the town, at the Villa Potenza, lie the remains of ancient
Helvia Recina, a
Roman settlement destroyed by the
Visigoths.
Among the churches in the town are:
*
Macerata Cathedral: built in Neoclassical style in 1771–1790; it has the remains of a 15th-century Gothic bell tower. The interior was designed by
Cosimo Morelli.
*
San Claudio al Chienti:
Romanesque church south of the Town. Its unusual shape is due to one church being built on the remains of another. It was built during the 14th century as war reparation to Montolmo (today's
Corridonia
Corridonia is a ''comune'' (municipality) in the Province of Macerata in the Italian region Marche, located about south of Ancona and about southeast of Macerata.
Corridonia was called, until 1931, Pausula. The name was changed by Benito Mussoli ...
), which defeated Macerata in a bloody and long war. ''San Claudio al Chienti'' is very close to Macerata, but it has been a ''frazione'' of
Corridonia
Corridonia is a ''comune'' (municipality) in the Province of Macerata in the Italian region Marche, located about south of Ancona and about southeast of Macerata.
Corridonia was called, until 1931, Pausula. The name was changed by Benito Mussoli ...
since that time.
*
San Filippo Neri
*
San Giorgio
*
Santa Maria della Misericordia
*
Santo Stefano
Macerata Opera Festival
In July and August the
Sferisterio Opera Festival is held in the 2,500 seat
Arena Sferisterio. It is a huge
neoclassical arena
An arena is a large enclosed platform, often circular or oval-shaped, designed to showcase theatre, musical performances, or sporting events. It is composed of a large open space surrounded on most or all sides by tiered seating for spectators ...
erected in the 1820s as a
stadium for a form of
handball by the architect Ireneo Aleandri. The
orchestra pit
An orchestra pit is the area in a theater (usually located in a lowered area in front of the stage) in which musicians perform. Orchestral pits are utilized in forms of theatre that require music (such as opera and ballet) or in cases when incide ...
is so wide that musicians at each end cannot hear each other.
The first opera performed here was
Giuseppe Verdi's ''
Aida
''Aida'' (or ''Aïda'', ) is an opera in four acts by Giuseppe Verdi to an Italian libretto by Antonio Ghislanzoni. Set in the Old Kingdom of Egypt, it was commissioned by Cairo's Khedivial Opera House and had its première there on 24 Decemb ...
'' in 1921. It was promoted by the association "Società Cittadina" led by Count Pieralberto Conti. The arena was transformed into a real outdoor theatre with an enormous parabolic stage. The orchestra was placed immediately behind it and the seats were located around it. In the middle of the front sidewall a large door was built that allowed the entrance of the Egyptian conqueror. Posters were created by
Verona
Verona ( , ; vec, Verona or ) is a city on the Adige River in Veneto, Italy, with 258,031 inhabitants. It is one of the seven provincial capitals of the region. It is the largest city municipality in the region and the second largest in nor ...
's official ''Aida'' employee Plino Codognato and the painter
Emilio Lazzari. The opera and its Triumphal March employed many people (in addition to about one thousand props and also different animals such as horses and camels). Francisca Solari interpreted ''Aida'' and Alessandro Dolci sang the great tenor role in the robes of
Radames. The hospitality of Macerata grew quickly and new ways were developed to induce people to stay longer in the town, so the opera was repeated 17 times with more than seventy thousand attendees. The next year the opera ''
La Gioconda'' was sung. Until 1927 no more shows were performed, at which time the famous tenor
Beniamino Gigli sang a unique concert for the invalids of
World War I
World War I (28 July 1914 11 November 1918), often abbreviated as WWI, was one of the deadliest global conflicts in history. Belligerents included much of Europe, the Russian Empire, the United States, and the Ottoman Empire, with fightin ...
.
From
World War II
World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposing ...
until the 1960s, it was rare to have operas in the local "Bel Canto". In 1967, Carlo Perucci, a native of
San Benedetto del Tronto (
Marche), established the first stable local band with the song ''Circuito lirico delle Marche'', so when he was in Macerata he asked the city hall to offer new performances. With enthusiasm the local administrators allowed him to offer new extraordinary contracts: Giuseppe Verdi's ''
Otello'' (with Del Monaco and Protti), and Giacomo Puccini's ''
Madama Butterfly'' (with Antonietta Stella and Nicola Ruggeri). Finally, on 3 August, the musical season began, and continues to today.
Overall the Sferisterio is very relevant, compared sometimes to Italy's famous ''
Arena di Verona
The Verona Arena ( it, Arena di Verona ) is a Roman amphitheatre in Piazza Bra in Verona, Italy built in 30 AD. It is still in use today and is internationally famous for the large-scale opera performances given there.
It is one of the be ...
'' and ''
Caracalla
Marcus Aurelius Antoninus (born Lucius Septimius Bassianus, 4 April 188 – 8 April 217), better known by his nickname "Caracalla" () was Roman emperor from 198 to 217. He was a member of the Severan dynasty, the elder son of Emperor S ...
'' operas. During this period, about 28 years, when Carlo Perucci was artistic director, the "Sferisterio" Arena, because of its perfect acoustics, housed the most important international voices of ''bel canto''. Ballets with Fracci and
Nureyev were performed. The presentations of ''
Bohème'' by
Ken Russell in 1984 and Enrico Job's ''
Don Giovanni'' were particularly memorable. Other outstanding shows were ''
La traviata'' and ''
Lucia di Lammermoor
''Lucia di Lammermoor'' () is a (tragic opera) in three acts by Italian composer Gaetano Donizetti. Salvadore Cammarano wrote the Italian-language libretto loosely based upon Sir Walter Scott's 1819 historical novel '' The Bride of Lammermoo ...
'', with stage design by Czech scenographer
Josef Svoboda, Hugo De Ana's ''
Turandot
''Turandot'' (; see below) is an opera in three acts by Giacomo Puccini, posthumously completed by Franco Alfano in 1926, and set to a libretto in Italian by Giuseppe Adami and Renato Simoni. ''Turandot'' best-known aria is " Nessun dorma", ...
'' and De Flò's ''
Faust
Faust is the protagonist of a classic German legend based on the historical Johann Georg Faust ( 1480–1540).
The erudite Faust is highly successful yet dissatisfied with his life, which leads him to make a pact with the Devil at a crossroa ...
'' and ''
Tosca''. In the late nineties, led by Orazi as artistic director, the most important singers of the world performed in the Macerata Opera, performing in both the Sferisterio and the Lauro Rossi theaters:
Luciano Pavarotti,
Plácido Domingo,
Montserrat Caballé,
Marilyn Horne
Marilyn Horne (born January 16, 1934) is an American mezzo-soprano opera singer. She specialized in roles requiring beauty of tone, excellent breath support, and the ability to execute difficult coloratura passages. She is a recipient of the Natio ...
,
Fiorenza Cossotto,
Ruggero Raimondi,
Mariella Devia, José Carreras,
Katia Ricciarelli,
Renato Bruson, and
Raina Kabaivanska
Raina Yakimova Kabaivanska ( bg, Райна Якимова Кабаиванска); born 15 December 1934) is a Bulgarian opera singer, one of the leading lirico-spinto sopranos of her generation, particularly associated with Verdi and Pucci ...
.
Since 1990, some operas have been performed in the 550-seat Teatro Lauro Rossi following extensive renovation, which was completed in 1989. Originally named the Teatro dei Condomini and built by Cosimo Morelli on a project by Antonio Bibiena in 1767, it opened in 1774 with
Pasquale Anfossi's ''Olimpiade''. In 1872, it was renamed after the musician Lauro Rossi who was born in the town.
This positive situation made the Sferisterio Opera a success. By 1992 the organization had won the "Franco Abbiati award of Italian musical Critics" three times. Other prestigious Italian lyric events reproduce the Sferisterio's events: Opera di Roma,
Teatro Comunale di Bologna and
La Scala di Milano.
2006 was the year of transformation led by the new artistic director Pier Luigi Pizzi. The summer event became a "Festival". He gave all of his 50 years of experience. Pizzi's career as the opera's director, designer, and dresser earned many awards. The season started with a dominant theme that marks all the shows and their sets. The parabolic stage was recovered, reviving the old atmosphere of the Handball Stadium. In that year,
Mozart's 250th anniversary, the theme of "initiatory journey" opened with the ''
Magic Flute'' by the Austrian musician. From that moment in every season the choice of operas was marked by a ''fil rouge'' theme, demonstrating the great intellectual vitality of opera: ''il Gioco dei Potenti'' in 2007 with ''
Macbeth'', ''
Maria Stuarda'', ''
Norma Norma may refer to:
* Norma (given name), a given name (including a list of people with the name)
Astronomy
*Norma (constellation)
*555 Norma, a minor asteroid
* Cygnus Arm or Norma Arm, a spiral arm in the Milky Way galaxy
Geography
*Norma, Lazi ...
'' and the gala dance with
Roberto Bolle
Roberto Bolle (born March 26, 1975 in Casale Monferrato) is an Italian danseur. He is currently a ''principal dancer'' with the American Ballet Theatre and a principal dancer ''étoile'' at La Scala Theatre Ballet. Bolle also dances regularly ...
and
Alessandra Ferri
Alessandra Ferri OMRI (born 6 May 1963) is an Italian prima ballerina. She danced with the Royal Ballet (1980–1984), American Ballet Theatre (1985–2007) and La Scala Theatre Ballet (1992–2007) and as an international guest artist, before t ...
; "La seduzione" in 2008 when the two-time Oscar-winning citizen of Macerata,
Dante Ferretti
Dante Ferretti (, born 26 February 1943) is an Italian production designer, art director, and costume designer.
Biography
Throughout his career, Ferretti has worked with many acclaimed directors, both American and Italian, including; Pier Paolo ...
, was hired as director; ''L'inganno'' in 2009 with ''
Don Giovanni'' and ''
Madama Butterfly''.
Macerata–Loreto pilgrimage
Every year since 1978, a 27 km pilgrimage from Macerata to
Loreto has taken place on the first Saturday of June after school has finished. Though it attracts believers from all over the world, those from neighbouring cities and
regions
In geography, regions, otherwise referred to as zones, lands or territories, are areas that are broadly divided by physical characteristics (physical geography), human impact characteristics (human geography), and the interaction of humanity and t ...
are especially numerous. Its main purpose is to revive an old tradition of gratitude of students to
Mary
Mary may refer to:
People
* Mary (name), a feminine given name (includes a list of people with the name)
Religious contexts
* New Testament people named Mary, overview article linking to many of those below
* Mary, mother of Jesus, also calle ...
for the end of the school year.
Each iteration, more pilgrims have taken part, their number having grown from just three hundred to sixty thousand pilgrims. Overnight, participants are led through the hills along a road traditionally held to be a Marian path. A rood donated by
Pope John Paul II
Pope John Paul II ( la, Ioannes Paulus II; it, Giovanni Paolo II; pl, Jan Paweł II; born Karol Józef Wojtyła ; 18 May 19202 April 2005) was the head of the Catholic Church and sovereign of the Vatican City State from 1978 until his ...
, who chaired at the Mass in 1993, heads the procession. The night march is diligently guided and accompanied by recitations of the Rosary, songs, testimonies, meditations on the Word of God and the teachings of the Pope.
Cuisine
Macerata has a good array of restaurants, trattorias and pizzerias. Local specialities include vincisgrassi alla maceratese, a regional version of lasagna that differs from the usual in that the ragù contains a mix of pork, beef and lamb.
People
*
Matteo Ricci, Jesuit and the first European to enter the Forbidden City in the Chinese capital, was born in Macerata in 1552.
* Antonio Nebbia, cook, author of the recipe book ''Il cuoco maceratese in 1779''.
*
Basilio Basili, opera singer and composter was born in Macerata in 1804.
*
Enrico Accorretti (1888-1978), admiral during
World War II
World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposing ...
*
Giuseppe Tucci (1894–1984), scholar of oriental cultures, was born in Macerata.
*
Ivo Pannaggi Ivo Pannaggi (Macerata, Aug. 28, 1901– Macerata, May 11, 1981) was an Italian painter and architect who was active in the Futurist movement and later associated with the Bauhaus.
Biography
Pannaggi was born in Macerata in 1901. He studied archi ...
,
Futurist
Futurists (also known as futurologists, prospectivists, foresight practitioners and horizon scanners) are people whose specialty or interest is futurology or the attempt to systematically explore predictions and possibilities abo ...
painter and
Bauhaus
The Staatliches Bauhaus (), commonly known as the Bauhaus (), was a German art school operational from 1919 to 1933 that combined crafts and the fine arts.Oxford Dictionary of Art and Artists (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 4th edn., 20 ...
architect, was born and died in Macerata (1901–81). A high school in town was dedicated in his name.
*
Dante Ferretti
Dante Ferretti (, born 26 February 1943) is an Italian production designer, art director, and costume designer.
Biography
Throughout his career, Ferretti has worked with many acclaimed directors, both American and Italian, including; Pier Paolo ...
, production designer, was born in Macerata.
*
Pietro Paolo Floriani
Pietro Paolo Floriani (1585–1638) was an Italian engineer and architect who designed military and theatrical buildings.
Life and work
Floriani was born on 26 April 1585 in the town of Macerata to Pompeo Floriani and Claudia Rotelli. In 1606 he ...
, architect and military engineer was born in Macerata.
*
Camila Giorgi (born 1991), tennis player
Twin towns - sister cities
Macerata is twinned with:
*
Weiden in der Oberpfalz, Germany, since 1963
*
Issy-les-Moulineaux, France, since 1982
*
Floriana, Malta, since 2007
*
Kamëz, Albania, since 2010
Sources
*E.H. Ercoli. ''Sferisterio''. Macerata, Associazione Arena Sferisterio, 2007
*A. Adversi, D. Cecchi, L. Paci (a cura di). ''Storia di Macerata''. Macerata, 1972
*G. Capici (a cura di). Sphaeristerium''. Roma, 1989
*F. Torresi (a cura di). La città sul palcoscenico''. Macerata, 1997
See also
*
Macerata railway station
*
S.S. Maceratese 1922
*
Volley Lube
*
Diocese of Macerata
*
Madonna di Macerata
References
External links
*
Opera FestivalMatteo Ricci InstituteMacerata MuseiThe Matteo Ricci Macerata Project: An Illustrated Guidebook to MacerataStudenti Università Macerata – Macerata Students Network
{{Authority control
Cities and towns in the Marche
Hilltowns in the Marche