Ma'anyan or Ma'anjan or Maanyak Dayak is an
Austronesian language belonging to the
East Barito languages
The East Barito languages are a group of a dozen Dayak ( Austronesian) languages of Borneo, Indonesia, and most notably Malagasy, the national language of Madagascar. They are named after the Barito River located in South Kalimantan, Indonesia. ...
. It is spoken by about 150,000
Ma'anyan people
Ma'anyan (colonial spelling Maanjan or Meanjan), Dayak Maanyan or Eastern Barito Dayak people are a sub-ethnic group of the Dayak people indigenous to Borneo. They are also considered as part of the east Barito Dusun group with the name Dusun Ma ...
(subgroup of
Dayak people
The Dayak (; older spelling: Dajak) or Dyak or Dayuh are one of the native groups of Borneo. It is a loose term for over 200 riverine and hill-dwelling ethnic groups, located principally in the central and southern interior of Borneo, each w ...
) living in the province of
Central Kalimantan
Central Kalimantan ( id, Kalimantan Tengah) is a province of Indonesia. It is one of five provinces in Kalimantan, the Indonesian part of Borneo. Its provincial capital is Palangka Raya and in 2010 its population was over 2.2 million, while the 20 ...
and
South Kalimantan
South Kalimantan ( id, Kalimantan Selatan) is a province of Indonesia. It is the smallest province in Kalimantan, the Indonesian territory of Borneo. The provincial capital was Banjarmasin until 15 February 2022 when it was legally moved to B ...
,
Indonesia
Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania between the Indian and Pacific oceans. It consists of over 17,000 islands, including Sumatra, Java, Sulawesi, and parts of Borneo and New Gui ...
. It is closely related to the
Malagasy language
Malagasy (; ) is an Austronesian language and the national language of Madagascar. Malagasy is the westernmost Malayo-Polynesian language, brought to Madagascar by the settlement of Austronesian peoples from the Sunda islands around the 5th c ...
spoken in
Madagascar
Madagascar (; mg, Madagasikara, ), officially the Republic of Madagascar ( mg, Repoblikan'i Madagasikara, links=no, ; french: République de Madagascar), is an island country in the Indian Ocean, approximately off the coast of East Afric ...
.
Phonology
Consonants
can also be heard as a tap sound .
Vowels
can be heard as in closed syllables.
Connection with Malagasy
The
Malagasy language is an Austronesian language spoken in Madagascar. Malagasy is believed to have originated from the Southeast
Barito language, and Ma'anyan is believed to be its closest relative, with numerous Malay and Javanese loanwords. It is known that
Ma'anyan people
Ma'anyan (colonial spelling Maanjan or Meanjan), Dayak Maanyan or Eastern Barito Dayak people are a sub-ethnic group of the Dayak people indigenous to Borneo. They are also considered as part of the east Barito Dusun group with the name Dusun Ma ...
were brought as labourers and slaves by
Malay and
Javanese people in their trading fleets, which reached Madagascar by ca. 50–500 AD.
There is high lexical similarity with other East Barito languages like
Paku (77%) and
Dusun Witu (75%).
Vocabulary
Vocabulary comparison between Malay, Banjarese, Ma'anyan, and Malagasy.
References
*
External links
Ma'anyan language and grammar(in Ma'anyan)
East Barito languages
Languages of Indonesia
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