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''Myrmica'' is a
genus
Genus (; : genera ) is a taxonomic rank above species and below family (taxonomy), family as used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In bino ...
of ant
Ants are Eusociality, eusocial insects of the Family (biology), family Formicidae and, along with the related wasps and bees, belong to the Taxonomy (biology), order Hymenoptera. Ants evolved from Vespoidea, vespoid wasp ancestors in the Cre ...
s within the subfamily
In biological classification, a subfamily (Latin: ', plural ') is an auxiliary (intermediate) taxonomic rank, next below family but more inclusive than genus. Standard nomenclature rules end botanical subfamily names with "-oideae", and zo ...
Myrmicinae
Myrmicinae is a subfamily
In biological classification, a subfamily (Latin: ', plural ') is an auxiliary (intermediate) taxonomic rank, next below family but more inclusive than genus. Standard nomenclature rules end botanical subfamily ...
. It is widespread throughout the temperate regions of the Holarctic
The Holarctic realm is a biogeographic realm that comprises the majority of habitats found throughout the continents in the Northern Hemisphere. It corresponds to the floristic Boreal Kingdom. It includes both the Nearctic zoogeographical reg ...
and high mountains in Southeast Asia.
The genus consists of around 200 known species and additional subspecies, although this figure is likely to rise as soon as the Chinese and Nearctic
The Nearctic realm is one of the eight biogeographic realms constituting the Earth's land surface.
The Nearctic realm covers most of North America, including Greenland, Central Florida, and the highlands of Mexico. The parts of North America ...
fauna lists are revised.
Inquilines
The genus contains a number ofinquiline
In zoology, an inquiline (from Latin ''inquilinus'', "lodger" or "tenant") is an animal that lives commensally in the nest, burrow, or dwelling place of an animal of another species. For example, some organisms, such as insects, may live in the ...
species (commensal symbionts), other ''Myrmica'' species that manage to invade the nest of their host. Subsequently, they use hormones to manipulate the host colony in such a way that eggs of the host queen develop into workers, and parasite brood into sexuals. Hence, the parasite is not able to sustain a colony of its own, but uses host resources instead.
Similarly, larvae of the butterfly genus '' Maculinea'' (a junior synonym of '' Phengaris'', family Lycaenidae
Lycaenidae is the second-largest family (biology), family of butterflies (behind Nymphalidae, brush-footed butterflies), with over 6,000 species worldwide, whose members are also called gossamer-winged butterflies. They constitute about 30% of ...
) and of the southern armyworm, live inside ''Myrmica'' nests where they are either directly fed by ants or prey upon ant brood. This parasitism is employed primarily by specific species such as ''Phengaris arion
The large blue (''Phengaris arion'') is a species of butterfly in the family Lycaenidae. The species was first defined in 1758 and first recorded in Britain in 1795. In 1979 the species became mostly extinct in Britain but has been successfully ...
'' forming predatory relationships.
Species
*'' M. ademonia'' Bolton *'' M. afghanica'' Radchenko and Elmes *'' M. aimonissabaudiae'' Menozzi *'' M. alaskensis'' Wheeler *'' M. aldrichi'' *'' M. aloba'' Forel *'' M. americana'' Weber *'' M. anatolica'' Elmes Radchenko and Aktac *'' M. angulata'' Radchenko, A.G., Zhou. S., and Elmes, G.W. *'' M. angulinodis'' Ruzsky *'' M. arisana'' Wheeler *'' M. arnoldii'' Dlussky *'' M. atomaria'' Gerstaecker *'' M. basalis'' Smith *'' M. bergi'' Ruzsky *'' M. bessarabica'' Nasonov *'' M. bidens'' Förster *'' M. bibikoffi'' Kutter *'' M. boltoni'' Radchenko and Elmes *'' M. brancuccii'' Radchenko and Elmes *'' M. breviceps'' Smith, F. *'' M. brevinodis'' Emery *'' M. brevispinosa'' Wheeler *'' M. cachmiriensis'' Forel *'' M. cadusa'' Kim Park and Kim *'' M. cagnianti'' Espadaler *'' M. cariniceps'' Guérin-Méneville *'' M. caucasicola'' Arnol’di, *'' M. chinensis'' Viehmeyer *'' M. colax'' Cole *'' M. collingwoodi'' Radchenko and Elmes *'' M. commarginata'' Ruzsky *'' M. contigue'' Smith *'' M. cursor'' Smith, F. *'' M. curvithorax'' Bondroit *'' M. diluta'' Nylander *'' M. dimidiata'' Say *'' M. discontinua'' Weber *'' M. displicentia'' Bolton *'' M. divergens'' Karavaiev *'' M. domestica'' Shuckard *'' M. draco'' Radchenko, G.G., Zhou.S., Elmes, G.W. *'' M. dshungarica'' Ruzsky *'' M. eidmanni'' Menozzi *'' M. elmesi'' Bharti and Sharma *'' M. emeryana'' Cole *'' M. ereptrix'' Bolton *'' M. excelsa'' Kupyanskaya *'' M. exigua'' Buckley *'' M. faniensis'' Boven, 1970 *'' M. ferganensis'' Finzi *'' M. forcipata'' Karavaiev *'' M. foreliana'' Radchenko and Elmes *'' M. formosae'' Wheeler, W.M. *'' M. fortior'' Forel *'' M. fracticornis'' Forel *'' M. fragilis'' Smith *'' M. fuscula'' Nylander *'' M. galbula'' Losana *'' M. gallienii'' Bondroit *'' M. gigantea'' Collingwood *'' M. glaber'' Smith *'' M. glacialis'' Emery *'' M. glyciphila'' Smith *'' M. gracillima'' Smith *'' M. hamulata'' Weber *'' M. hecate'' Weber *'' M. hellenica'' Finzi *'' M. helleri'' Viehmeyer *'' M. hirsuta'' Elmes *'' M. hyungokae'' Elmes, G.W., Radchenkoo, A.G., and Kim, B. *'' M. incompleta'' Provancher *'' M. incurvata'' Collingwood *'' M. indica'' Weber *'' M. inezae'' Forel *'' M. jennyae'' Elmes, Radchenko, and Aktac *'' M. jessensis'' Forel *'' M. juglandeti'' Arnol'di *'' M. kabylica'' Cagniant *'' M. kamtschatica'' Kupyanskaya *'' M. karavajevi'' Arnol’di *'' M. kasczenkoi'' Ruzsky *'' M. kirghisorum'' Arnol’di *'' M. kollari'' Mayr *'' M. koreana'' Elmes, G.W., Radchenkoo, A.G., and Kim, B., 2001 *'' M. kotokui'' Forel *'' M. kozlovi'' Ruzsky *'' M. kryzhanovskii'' Arnol'di *'' M. kurokii'' Forel *'' M. lacustris'' Ruzsky *'' M. laevigata'' Smith *'' M. laevinodis'' Nylander, 1846 *'' M. laevissima'' Smith *'' M. lampra'' Francoeur *'' M. latifrons'' Starcke *'' M. laurae'' Emery *'' M. lemasnei'' Bernard *'' M. lobicornis'' Nylander *'' M. lobifrons'' Pergande *'' M. lonae'' Finzi *'' M. longiscapus'' Curtis *'' M. luctuosa'' Smith,F. *'' M. luteola'' Kupyanskaya *'' M. magniceps'' *'' M. margaritae'' Emery *'' M. martensi'' Radchenko and Elmes *'' M. mellea'' Smith *'' M. mexicana'' Wheeler, W.M. *'' M. microrubra'' Seifert *'' M. minkii'' Förster *'' M. minuta'' Ruzsky *'' M. mirabile'' Elmes & Radchenko *'' M. mirabilis'' Elmes & Radchenko *'' M. modesta'' Smith *'' M. molesta'' *'' M. molifaciens'' *'' M. monticola'' Creighton *'' M. myrmicoxena'' Forel *'' M. nearctica'' Weber *'' M. nitida'' Radchenko *'' M. ominosa'' Gerstaecker *'' M. ordinaria'' Radchenko *'' M. orthostyla'' Arnol’di *'' M. pachei'' Forel *'' M. parallela'' Smith *'' M. pellucida'' Smith *'' M. pelops'' Seifert *'' M. petita'' Radchenko *'' M. pinetorum'' Wheeler *'' M. pisarskii'' Radchenko *'' M. punctiventris'' Roger *'' M. quebecensis'' Francoeur *'' M. radchenkoi'' Bharti and Sharma *'' M. ravasinii'' Finzi *'' M. reticulata'' Smith *'' M. rhytida'' Radchenko *'' M. rigatoi'' Radchenko and Elmes *'' M. ritae'' Emery *'' M. rubra''Linnaeus
Carl Linnaeus (23 May 1707 – 10 January 1778), also known after ennoblement in 1761 as Carl von Linné,#Blunt, Blunt (2004), p. 171. was a Swedish biologist and physician who formalised binomial nomenclature, the modern system of naming o ...
*'' M. ruginodis'' Nylander
*'' M. rugiventris'' Smith
*'' M. rugosa'' Mayr
*'' M. rugulosa'' Nylander
*'' M. rugulososcabrinodis'' Karawajew
*'' M. rupestris'' Forel
*'' M. sabuleti'' Meinert
*'' M. salina'' Ruzsky
*'' M. samnitica'' Mei
*'' M. saposhnikovi'' Ruzsky
*'' M. scabrinodis'' Nylander
*'' M. schencki'' Viereck
*'' M. seminigra'' Cresson
*'' M. serica'' Wheeler, W.M
*'' M. silvestrii'' Wheeler, W.M
*'' M. sinensis'' Radchenko, A.G., Zhou,S., and Elmes, G.W.
*'' M. sinica'' Wu and Wang
*'' M. smythiesii'' Forel
*'' M. spatulata'' Smith
*'' M. specioides'' Bondroit
*'' M. stangeana'' Ruzsky
*'' M. striatula'' Nylander
*'' M. striolagaster'' Cole
*'' M. sulcinodis'' Nylander
*'' M. suspiciosa'' Smith
*'' M. symbiotica'' Menozzi
*'' M. taediosa'' Bolton
*'' M. tahoensis'' Wheeler
*'' M. taibaiensis'' Wei, Zhou and Liu, 2001
*'' M. tamarae'' ElmesRadchenko and Aktac
*'' M. tenuispina'' Ruzsky
*'' M. tibetana'' Mayr
*'' M. titanica'' Radchenko
*'' M. transsibirica'' Radchenko
*'' M. trinodis'' Losana
*'' M. tschekanovskii'' Radchenko
*'' M. tulinae'' Elmes, Radchenko, and Aktac
*'' M. turcica'' Santschi
*'' M. unifasciata'' Bostock
*'' M. urbanii'' Radchenko
*'' M. vandeli'' Bondroit
*'' M. vastator'' Smith
*'' M. vexator'' Smith
*'' M. villosa'' Radchenko and Elmes
*'' M. vittata'' Radchenko and Elmes
*'' M. wardi'' Radchenko
*'' M. wesmaeli'' Bondroit
*'' M. wheeleri'' Weber
*'' M. whymperi'' Forel
*'' M. williamsi'' Radchenko
*'' M. winterae'' (Kutter, 1973)
*'' M. wittmeri'' Radchenko
*'' M. yamanei'' Radchenko
*'' M. yoshiokai'' Weber
*'' M. zojae'' Radchenko
Bibliography
* Latreille, P.A. 1804: Tableau méthodique des insectes. Classe huitième. Insectes, Insecta. Nouveau Dictionnaire d'Histoire Naturelle, 24: 129–200. * Lepeletier de Saint-Fargeau. 1835: Histoire naturelle des insectes. Hyménoptères. I. Librairie Encyclopédique de Roret, Paris. 574 pp. * Roger. 1863: Verzeichniss der Formiciden-Gattungen und Arten. Berliner Entomologische Zeitschrift, 7(suppl.): 1–65. * Dours. 1873: Catalogue synonymique des Hyménoptères de France. Memoires de la Société Linneenne du Nord de la France, 3: 1–230. * Radchenko & Elmes. 1998: Taxonomic revision of the ritae species-group of the genus Myrmica (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Vestnik Zoologii, 32. * Radchenko & Elmes. 2001: A taxonomic revision of the ant genus Myrmica Latreille, 1804 from the Himalaya (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Entomologica Basiliensia, 23: 237–276. * Wei, Zhou & He. 2001: A taxonomic study of the genus Myrmica Latreille from China (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica, 26(4): 560–564. * Radchenko A.G. & G.W. Elmes. 2003: A taxonomic revision of the socially parasitic Myrmica ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of the Palaearctic region. Annales Zoologici, 53(2): 217–243. * Radchenko A.G., G.W. Elmes & A. Alicata. 2006: Taxonomic revision of the schencki-group of the ant genus Myrmica Latreille (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) from the Palaearctic region. Annales Zoologici, 56(3): 499–538.References
External links
* {{Authority control Ant genera Taxa named by Pierre André Latreille