Multicast routing is one of the routing protocols in
IP network
The Internet protocol suite, commonly known as TCP/IP, is a framework for organizing the communication protocols used in the Internet and similar computer networks according to functional criteria. The foundational protocols in the suite are ...
ing.
[CISCO Security Research & Operations- 3 June 201]
Understanding Unicast Reverse Path Forwarding , Cisco -unicast-reverse-path-forwarding
/ref>
There are several multicast routing protocols supporting communications where data transmission is addressed to a group of destination computers simultaneously: Multicast Source Discovery Protocol Multicast Source Discovery Protocol (MSDP) is a Protocol Independent Multicast (PIM) family multicast routing protocol defined by Experimental RFC 3618. Despite becoming the IPv4 de facto standard for inter-domain multicast, development of the prot ...
, Multicast BGP
Multiprotocol Extensions for BGP (MBGP or MP-BGP), sometimes referred to as Multiprotocol BGP or Multicast BGP and defined in IETF RFC 4760, is an extension to Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) that allows different types of addresses (known as address ...
, Protocol Independent Multicast
image:IGMP basic architecture.png, 400px, Example of a multicast network architecture
Protocol-Independent Multicast (PIM) is a family of multicast routing protocols for Internet Protocol (IP) networks that provide Point-to-multipoint communicatio ...
.
Overview
Multicast routing is a method of transmitting to all subscribers registered in a group by one transmission unlike unicast routing (i.e. OSPF
Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) is a routing protocol for Internet Protocol (IP) networks. It uses a link state routing (LSR) algorithm and falls into the group of interior gateway protocols (IGPs), operating within a single autonomous sys ...
, RIP) which transmits 1: 1 necessary data.[CISCO Security Research & Operations- 3 June 201]
IP Multicast Routing Technology Overview , Cisco IP Multicast Routing Technology Overview
/ref>
To implement the multicast routing, Internet Group Management Protocol
The Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP) is a communications protocol used by hosts and adjacent routers on IPv4 networks to establish multicast group memberships. IGMP is an integral part of IP multicast and allows the network to direct ...
(IGMP) and a multicast routing protocol (Reverse-path forwarding
Reverse-path forwarding (RPF) is a technique used in modern routers for the purposes of ensuring loop-free forwarding of multicast packets in multicast routing and to help prevent IP address spoofing in unicast routing.
In standard unicast IP ...
, PIM-SM) for registration subscriber grouping and control traffic are required for multicast transmission.[Multicast IP Routing Technology Overview- 3 Nov 201]
IP Multicast Routing Technology Overview , Multicast IP Routing Technology Overview -comparitech
/ref> Regarding IP multicast
IP multicast is a method of sending Internet Protocol (IP) datagrams to a group of interested receivers in a single transmission. It is the IP-specific form of multicast and is used for streaming media and other network applications. It uses speci ...
, it is a technique for one-to-many communication over an IP network. IP multicast covers some part of common multicast routing protocol. IP multicast also describe IP multicast software (i.e. VideoLAN
VideoLAN is a Nonprofit organization, non-profit organization which software development, develops software for playing video and other media formats. It originally developed two computer program, programs for media streaming media, streaming, ...
, — PIM module for the Quagga Routing Suite, UFTP
The UDP-based File Transfer Protocol (UFTP) is a communication protocol designed to transfer files to multiple recipients. To accomplish this, UFTP multicasts the files to recipients via the User Datagram Protocol (UDP). The reference implementat ...
, etc.). The multicast routing is specific and broad range of protocols for layer-3
In the seven-layer OSI model of computer networking, the network layer is layer 3. The network layer is responsible for packet forwarding including routing through intermediate routers.
Functions
The network layer provides the means of transf ...
routing protocol for multicast feature and it is defined in RFC 5110.
Routing mechanism
A multicast routing protocol is a mechanism for constructing a loop-free shortest path from a source host that sends data to the multiple destinations that receives the data. IPv4
Internet Protocol version 4 (IPv4) is the first version of the Internet Protocol (IP) as a standalone specification. It is one of the core protocols of standards-based internetworking methods in the Internet and other packet-switched networks. ...
uses Class D address (224.0.0.0 ~ 239.255.255.255)IPv4
Internet Protocol version 4 (IPv4) is the first version of the Internet Protocol (IP) as a standalone specification. It is one of the core protocols of standards-based internetworking methods in the Internet and other packet-switched networks. ...
and a new IPv6
Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6) is the most recent version of the Internet Protocol (IP), the communication protocol, communications protocol that provides an identification and location system for computers on networks and routes traffic ...
feature, allowing a host to send a single data stream to a subset of all hosts (group transmission) concurrently. There are four types of Well-Known IPv6 Multicast address range : ff02::1: All IPv6 devices,•ff02::2: All IPv6 routers,•ff02::5: All OSPFv3 routers,•ff02::a: All EIGRP (IPv6) routers.
The Multicast tree classification
There are two types of Multicast trees which are the Source-based tree and Group Shared tree.[Microsoft Multicast Routing Protocol Overview- 3 June 201]
Microsoft Multicast Routing Protocol Overview , Microsoft Multicast Routing ProtocolOverview
/ref>
Source based tree (SBT)
Its SSM (Source Specific Multicast) protocol. The maximum delay is short between End-to-end communication. It has poor scalability
Scalability is the property of a system to handle a growing amount of work. One definition for software systems specifies that this may be done by adding resources to the system.
In an economic context, a scalable business model implies that ...
. (it is difficult to apply large network) Supported protocols include DVMRP, MOSPF, PIM-DM
Group Shared tree
It is Core-Based Tree, selecting one router in the network as the root and transmitting information through the root router. Maximum delay in the tree is longer than SBT(Source-based tree), The core router manages all the information, and the remaining routers manage the direction of the core and the multicast information requested by the current neighboring router. it has a Good Scalability (applicable to large networks). Supported protocols include CBT, PIM-SM, etc.
See also
*Anycast
Anycast is a network addressing and routing methodology in which a single IP address is shared by devices (generally servers) in multiple locations. Routers direct packets addressed to this destination to the location nearest the sender, using ...
* Any-source multicast
*Broadcast address
A broadcast address is a network address used to transmit to all devices connected to a multiple-access communications network. A message sent to a broadcast address may be received by all network-attached hosts.
In contrast, a multicast addr ...
*Comparison of streaming media systems
This is a comparison of streaming media systems. A more complete list of streaming media systems is also available.
General
The following tables compare general and technical information for a number of streaming media systems both audio and vi ...
*Content delivery network
A content delivery network (CDN) or content distribution network is a geographically distributed network of proxy servers and their data centers. The goal is to provide high availability and performance ("speed") by distributing the service spat ...
*Flooding algorithm
A flooding algorithm is an algorithm for distributing material to every part of a graph. The name derives from the concept of inundation by a flood. Flooding algorithms are used in computer networking and graphics. Flooding algorithms are also ...
* Network speaker
*Internet television
Streaming television is the digital distribution of television content, such as films and television show, television series, Streaming media, streamed over the Internet. Standing in contrast to dedicated terrestrial television delivered by Broadc ...
*List of streaming media systems
This is a list of streaming media systems. A more detailed comparison of streaming media systems is also available.
Servers
* Ampache – GPL/LGPL Audio streaming
**atmosph3re – responsive web-based streaming audio server for personal music ...
*Mbone
Mbone (short for " multicast backbone") was an experimental backbone and virtual network built on top of the Internet for carrying IP multicast traffic on the Internet. It was developed in the early 1990s and required specialized hardware and ...
, experimental ''multicast backbone'' network
*Multicast address
A multicast address is a logical identifier for a group of hosts in a computer network that are available to process datagrams or frames intended to be multicast for a designated network service. Multicast addressing can be used in the link la ...
*Multicast lightpaths
A multicast session requires a "point-to-multipoint" connection from a source node to multiple destination nodes. The source node is known as the ''root''. The destination nodes are known as ''leaves''. In the modern era, it is important to prote ...
* Non-broadcast multiple-access network
*Packet forwarding
Packet forwarding is the relaying of packets from one network segment to another by nodes in a computer network.
Models
The simplest forwarding model unicastinginvolves a packet being relayed from link to link along a chain leading from th ...
*Push technology
Push technology, also known as server Push, refers to a communication method, where the communication is initiated by a server rather than a client. This approach is different from the " pull" method where the communication is initiated by a clien ...
*Session Announcement Protocol The Session Announcement Protocol (SAP) is an experimental protocol for advertising multicast session information. SAP typically uses Session Description Protocol (SDP) as the format for Real-time Transport Protocol (RTP) session descriptions. Anno ...
*Source-specific multicast
Source-specific multicast (SSM) is a method of delivering multicast packets in which the only packets that are delivered to a receiver are those originating from a specific source address requested by the receiver. By so limiting the source, SSM re ...
* Broadcast, Unknown-Unicast and Multicast traffic
{{colend
References
Internet architecture
Internet broadcasting
Television terminology