The Raung (), or Mount Raung () is one of the most active

volcano A volcano is commonly defined as a vent or fissure in the crust of a planetary-mass object, such as Earth, that allows hot lava, volcanic ash, and gases to escape from a magma chamber below the surface. On Earth, volcanoes are most oft ...

es on the island of

Java Java is one of the Greater Sunda Islands in Indonesia. It is bordered by the Indian Ocean to the south and the Java Sea (a part of Pacific Ocean) to the north. With a population of 156.9 million people (including Madura) in mid 2024, proje ...

Indonesia Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania, between the Indian Ocean, Indian and Pacific Ocean, Pacific oceans. Comprising over List of islands of Indonesia, 17,000 islands, including Sumatra, ...

. It is located in the province of

East Java East Java (, , ) is a Provinces of Indonesia, province of Indonesia located in the easternmost third of Java island. It has a land border only with the province of Central Java to the west; the Java Sea and the Indian Ocean border its northern ...

and has a and

caldera A caldera ( ) is a large cauldron-like hollow that forms shortly after the emptying of a magma chamber in a volcanic eruption. An eruption that ejects large volumes of magma over a short period of time can cause significant detriment to the str ...

surrounded by a grayish rim. The difference in color of the rim and the flanks of the volcanoes is caused by the rim’s lack of vegetation compared with the healthy and extensive vegetation on the flanks. Raung, standing almost 3,332 metres (10,932 ft) above sea level, is the tallest volcano of this cluster. Its summit, in

Bondowoso Regency Bondowoso Regency () is a landlocked regency in East Java, Indonesia. It covers an area of 1,560.10 km2, and had a population of 736,772 at the 2010 CensusBiro Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2011. and 776,151 at the 2020 Census;Badan Pusat Stati ...

, is also the highest point of the regency. Although the valleys between the major volcanoes boast fertile, ash-enriched soil for agriculture, available land is very limited. Raung contains centres constructed along a NE to SW line, with Gunung Suket and Gunung Gadung stratovolcanoes being located to the northeast and west, respectively. Mount Raung can be seen from Lovina Beach,

Singaraja Singaraja ( Balinese: ᬲᬶᬗᬭᬚ) is a port town in northern Bali, Indonesia, which serves as the seat of Buleleng Regency. The name is Indonesian for "Lion King" (from Sanskrit ''singha'' and ''raja''). It is just east of Lovina and is al ...

, North Bali. The

normal route A normal route or normal way (; ) is the most frequently used climbing route for ascending and descending a given mountain peak; it is usually the easiest and often the most straightforward route. Other generic names include the ''Tourism, tourist ...

climbing is through

Bondowoso Bondowoso Regency () is a landlocked Regencies of Indonesia, regency in East Java, Indonesia. It covers an area of 1,560.10 km2, and had a population of 736,772 at the 2010 CensusBiro Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2011. and 776,151 at the 2020 ...

and Sumber Wringin. Its earliest recorded eruption was in 1586 which resulted in fatalities; between 1586 and 1817, five more deadly eruptions were recorded.

2015 Eruption

The volcano started to display increased activity on 24 June 2015, and on 29 June 2015, began to eject material causing a dust cloud that resulted in warnings being issued to residents within radius of the caldera, and causing disruption to flights in and out of nearby Bali. According to

Landsat The Landsat program is the longest-running enterprise for acquisition of satellite imagery of Earth. It is a joint NASA / USGS program. On 23 July 1972, the Earth Resources Technology Satellite was launched. This was eventually renamed to Lan ...

images in early July 2015, a new lava pool had appeared on the mountain, in addition to the one already present. This was thought to delay the full eruption of the volcano. Currently the caldera is still sufficiently strong to keep the lava inside. From July 9, 2015, several airports throughout Indonesia—including on the popular holiday island of Bali and in Surabaya during

Idul Fitri is the Indonesian popular name for two Islamic official holidays, Eid al-Fitr and Eid al-Adha in Indonesia, and is one of the major national holidays in the country. holiday officially lasts for two days in the Indonesian calendar, although th ...

—were closed due to the ash being produced by the eruptions. The explosive ash emissions stopped during the afternoon of 14 August. It appears likely that the eruption has more or less come to an end.

Hydrological boundary

The Raung Mountain complex serves as a natural hydrological boundary dividing seven drainage basins into three different directions. The first is the flow towards the north coast, draining into the Java Sea (Sampean basin). The second is the flow towards the south coast, discharging into the Indian Ocean (Kalibaru, Mayang, and Bedagung basin). The third is the flow towards the east coast, leading to the Bali Strait (Glondong, Bomo, and Setail basin). The convergence point of hydrological boundary is located at the summit of Mount Raung, except for the Bedagung basin, which is sandwiched between the Sampean and Mayang basins.

Gallery

File:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Eruptie van de vulkaan Raung Ijen-plateau TMnr 10024230.jpg, Eruption of 1913 File:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Oost-Java de werkende vulkaan Raoeng in het Idjengebergte vanuit Glen More gezien TMnr 60009931.jpg, Eruption of 1927 Mount Raung Wikipedia.jpg, Raung, September 2005 File:Raung Mountain view from Kalibaru Wetan, East Java, Indonesia.jpg, Mount Raung seen from Kalibaru Town, 2013

References

External links

{{Authority control Stratovolcanoes of Indonesia Volcanoes of East Java Calderas of Indonesia Active volcanoes of Indonesia Mayang basin

2015 Eruption

Hydrological boundary

Gallery

See also

References

External links