is an active volcano located in Shikotsu-Toya National Park in Hokkaidō, Japan. It sits opposite Mount Tarumae and Mount Fuppushi on the shores of

Lake Shikotsu is a caldera lake in Chitose, Hokkaidō, Japan. It is a part of the Shikotsu-Toya National Park. Geography Lake Shikotsu is located in the south-west part of Hokkaidō. It has an average depth of and a maximum depth of , making it the se ...

, the

caldera lake A volcanic crater lake is a lake in a crater that was formed by explosive activity or a collapse during a volcanic eruption. Formation Lakes in calderas fill large craters formed by the collapse of a volcano during an eruption. Lakes in maars ...

that spawned the volcanoes. Mount Eniwa is the tallest of the three volcanoes.

Eruptions

The last eruption occurred around the start of the 18th century (c. 1700 ±30 years). There are no historical records of this, but tephrochronology indicates

phreatic ''Phreatic'' is a term used in hydrology to refer to aquifers, in speleology to refer to cave passages, and in volcanology to refer to a type of volcanic eruption. Hydrology The term phreatic (the word originates from the Greek , meaning "well" ...

explosions with

mudflows A mudflow or mud flow is a form of mass wasting involving fast-moving flow of debris that has become liquified by the addition of water. Such flows can move at speeds ranging from 3 meters/minute to 5 meters/second. Mudflows contain a significa ...

from crater 3. Two centuries before this eruption (c. 1550 ±75 years),

radiocarbon dating Radiocarbon dating (also referred to as carbon dating or carbon-14 dating) is a method for determining the age of an object containing organic material by using the properties of radiocarbon, a radioactive isotope of carbon. The method was de ...

indicates a similar eruption from crater 2. Around the same time (c. 1500 ±150 years), radiocarbon dating indicates another eruption, but from crater 1. This eruption included debris avalanches instead of mudflows. The oldest eruption that has been dated is an explosive eruption from the east side of the summit around 100 BCE ± 100 years according to radiocarbon dating. All these events were central vent eruptions with a volcanic explosivity index (VEI) of 2.

Climbing Route

A single trail climbs the eastern side of the mountain. It gets progressively steeper as you climb. The trail starts in a forest about one from Poropinai. The treeline is at about . From there the terrain is rocky and alpine. The climb takes 3-3.5 hours.

1972 Winter Olympics

At the

1972 Winter Olympics The 1972 Winter Olympics, officially the and commonly known as Sapporo 1972 ( ja, 札幌1972), was a winter multi-sport event held from February 3 to 13, 1972, in Sapporo, Japan. It was the first Winter Olympic Games to take place outside Europe ...

, Mount Eniwa was the site of the men's and women's downhill ski races. The course started at the summit and finished on the southwest slope.1972 Winter Olympics official report.
pp. 281-4. The technical events of

giant slalom Giant slalom (GS) is an alpine skiing and alpine snowboarding discipline. It involves skiing between sets of poles ("gates") spaced at a greater distance from each other than in slalom but less than in Super-G. Giant slalom and slalom make up t ...

and slalom were held at Teine.

Notes

References

Geographical Survey Institute
* Paul Hunt, ''Hiking in Japan: An Adventurer's Guide to the Mountain Trails'',

Tokyo Tokyo (; ja, 東京, , ), officially the Tokyo Metropolis ( ja, 東京都, label=none, ), is the capital and List of cities in Japan, largest city of Japan. Formerly known as Edo, its metropolitan area () is the most populous in the world, ...

, Kodansha International Ltd., 1988. and C0075 * Robert Storey, ''North-East Asia on a Shoestring'',

Singapore Singapore (), officially the Republic of Singapore, is a sovereign island country and city-state in maritime Southeast Asia. It lies about one degree of latitude () north of the equator, off the southern tip of the Malay Peninsula, borde ...

, Lonely Planet Publications, 3rd Edition March 1992.

External links

*
Eniwadake
- Japan Meteorological Agency * - Japan Meteorological Agency

- Geological Survey of Japan
Shikotsu: Global Volcanism Program
- Smithsonian Institution {{Olympic venues alpine skiing Venues of the 1972 Winter Olympics Olympic alpine skiing venues Eniwa Eniwa Eniwa Eniwa Shikotsu-Tōya National Park Holocene stratovolcanoes