Moritz Traube (12 February 1826 – 28 June 1894) was a German chemist and universal private scholar. Traube worked on chemical, biochemical, medical, physiological, pathophysiological problems. He was engaged in hygienics, physical chemistry and basic chemical research. Although he was never a staff member of a university and earned his living as a wine merchant, he was able to refute theories of his leading contemporaries, including

Justus von Liebig Justus ''Freiherr'' von Liebig (12 May 1803 – 18 April 1873) was a Germans, German scientist who made major contributions to the theory, practice, and pedagogy of chemistry, as well as to agricultural and biology, biological chemistry; he is ...

Louis Pasteur Louis Pasteur (, ; 27 December 1822 – 28 September 1895) was a French chemist, pharmacist, and microbiologist renowned for his discoveries of the principles of vaccination, Fermentation, microbial fermentation, and pasteurization, the la ...

Felix Hoppe-Seyler Ernst Felix Immanuel Hoppe-Seyler (''né'' Felix Hoppe; 26 December 1825 – 10 August 1895) was a German physiologist and chemist, and the principal founder of the disciplines of biochemistry and molecular biology. He had discovered Yeast nuclei ...

and

Julius Sachs Julius Sachs (July 6, 1849 – February 2, 1934) was an American educator, founder of the Sachs Collegiate Institute who belongs to the Goldman–Sachs family of bankers. Sachs was born on July 6, 1849, in Baltimore. After taking his A.B. at ...

, and to develop significant theories of his own with solid experimental foundations. The chemistry of oxygen and its significance to the organism were the central objects of his research and provided the common thread uniting almost all of his scientific activity. Moritz Traube was a younger brother of the famous Berlin physician

Ludwig Traube (physician) Ludwig Traube (12 January 1818 in Racibórz, Ratibor, Silesia Province, Silesia, now Racibórz, Poland – 11 April 1876 in Berlin) was a German physician and co-founder of the experimental pathology in Germany. Biography Ludwig Traube was a son ...

, the co-founder of the German experimental pathology. A son, Wilhelm Traube, evolved a process of purine synthesis. Hermann Traube, another son, was a mineralogist.

Biography

Education period

Traube was born on 12 February 1826 in Ratibor,

Silesia Silesia (see names #Etymology, below) is a historical region of Central Europe that lies mostly within Poland, with small parts in the Czech Silesia, Czech Republic and Germany. Its area is approximately , and the population is estimated at 8, ...

Prussia Prussia (; ; Old Prussian: ''Prūsija'') was a Germans, German state centred on the North European Plain that originated from the 1525 secularization of the Prussia (region), Prussian part of the State of the Teutonic Order. For centuries, ...

(now

Racibórz Racibórz (, , , ) is a city in Silesian Voivodeship in southern Poland. It is the administrative seat of Racibórz County. With Opole, Racibórz is one of the historic capitals of Upper Silesia, being the residence of the Duchy of Racibórz, Du ...

, Poland). Traube's father was a Jewish wine merchant, the grandson of a rabbi from

Kraków , officially the Royal Capital City of Kraków, is the List of cities and towns in Poland, second-largest and one of the oldest cities in Poland. Situated on the Vistula River in Lesser Poland Voivodeship, the city has a population of 804,237 ...

. Traube graduated from the Gymnasium in the provincial town of Ratibor when he was only 16 years old. His older brother Ludwig advised him to begin scientific studies at the

University of Berlin The Humboldt University of Berlin (, abbreviated HU Berlin) is a public research university in the central borough of Mitte in Berlin, Germany. The university was established by Frederick William III on the initiative of Wilhelm von Humbol ...

(1842–1844). He studied experimental

chemistry Chemistry is the scientific study of the properties and behavior of matter. It is a physical science within the natural sciences that studies the chemical elements that make up matter and chemical compound, compounds made of atoms, molecules a ...

with Eilhard Mitscherlich, chemistry and

stoichiometry Stoichiometry () is the relationships between the masses of reactants and Product (chemistry), products before, during, and following chemical reactions. Stoichiometry is based on the law of conservation of mass; the total mass of reactants must ...

with Heinrich Rose,

mineralogy Mineralogy is a subject of geology specializing in the scientific study of the chemistry, crystal structure, and physical (including optical mineralogy, optical) properties of minerals and mineralized artifact (archaeology), artifacts. Specific s ...

with Christian Samuel Weiss,

physics Physics is the scientific study of matter, its Elementary particle, fundamental constituents, its motion and behavior through space and time, and the related entities of energy and force. "Physical science is that department of knowledge whi ...

with

Heinrich Wilhelm Dove Heinrich Wilhelm Dove (6 October 1803 – 4 April 1879) was a Prussian physicist and meteorologist. Early years Dove was born in Liegnitz in the Kingdom of Prussia. Dove studied history, philosophy, and the natural sciences at the University o ...

; and practised experimental chemistry in the laboratory of Karl Friedrich August Rammelsberg. He moved to

Giessen Giessen, spelled in German (), is a town in the Germany, German States of Germany, state () of Hesse, capital of both the Giessen (district), district of Giessen and the Giessen (region), administrative region of Giessen. The population is appro ...

to participate in Liebig's practical-analytical course in 1844/45. He attended lectures in

botany Botany, also called plant science, is the branch of natural science and biology studying plants, especially Plant anatomy, their anatomy, Plant taxonomy, taxonomy, and Plant ecology, ecology. A botanist or plant scientist is a scientist who s ...

( Hermann Hoffmann) and

logic Logic is the study of correct reasoning. It includes both formal and informal logic. Formal logic is the study of deductively valid inferences or logical truths. It examines how conclusions follow from premises based on the structure o ...

( Moritz Carrière). In 1845 he returned to

Berlin Berlin ( ; ) is the Capital of Germany, capital and largest city of Germany, by both area and List of cities in Germany by population, population. With 3.7 million inhabitants, it has the List of cities in the European Union by population withi ...

(geology with Heinrich Girard). In 1847 he received his doctorate with a thesis entitled "De nonnullis chromii connubiis". The later well-known botanist Nathanael Pringsheim supported him. For a while Traube worked in a Berlin dyeworks (1848/49), then continued his studies: anatomy with Friedrich Schlemm, physiology and comparative anatomy with Johannes Müller, pathology with

Rudolf Virchow Rudolf Ludwig Carl Virchow ( ; ; 13 October 18215 September 1902) was a German physician, anthropologist, pathologist, prehistorian, biologist, writer, editor, and politician. He is known as "the father of modern pathology" and as the founder o ...

and pharmacology with Eilhard Mitscherlich. For a few weeks he attended lectures in clinical disciplines such as

surgery Surgery is a medical specialty that uses manual and instrumental techniques to diagnose or treat pathological conditions (e.g., trauma, disease, injury, malignancy), to alter bodily functions (e.g., malabsorption created by bariatric surgery s ...

(with Bernhard von Langenbeck) and

auscultation Auscultation (based on the Latin verb ''auscultare'' "to listen") is listening to the internal sounds of the body, usually using a stethoscope. Auscultation is performed for the purposes of examining the circulatory system, circulatory and resp ...

and

percussion A percussion instrument is a musical instrument that is sounded by being struck or scraped by a percussion mallet, beater including attached or enclosed beaters or Rattle (percussion beater), rattles struck, scraped or rubbed by hand or ...

(Ludwig Traube). The extraordinarily wide spectrum of his qualifications was a basis of his universal research.

The period in Ratibor (1849–1866)

When another brother, who was to have taken over their father's wine business, suddenly died of

diabetes Diabetes mellitus, commonly known as diabetes, is a group of common endocrine diseases characterized by sustained high blood sugar levels. Diabetes is due to either the pancreas not producing enough of the hormone insulin, or the cells of th ...

, Traube's father ordered him home to Ratibor to help manage the business. After agonizing for several weeks, Traube complied. But he could not abandon science. In a poorly-heated attic of his house, lacking time and money, isolated from scientific communication, he developed his extensive chemical-physiological projects. He completed numerous well-planned, accurately executed experiments, the correctness of which his contemporaries were forced to acknowledge. Traube was also successful as a wine merchant. Together with his brother Ludwig he donated 500 Taler to the Ratibor Gymnasium for students' prizes. He married Bertha Moll of Lissa in 1855. The marriage produced 3 daughters and 2 sons.

The period in Breslau (1866–1891)

To facilitate his research Traube moved to Breslau. He worked for a time in the laboratory of his friend Theodor Poleck and in the Physiological Institute of Rudolf Heidenhain. Later he erected his own, well equipped laboratory and employed assistants. Every year he travelled to Hungary to survey and purchase wine himself. One of his customers was

Otto von Bismarck Otto, Prince of Bismarck, Count of Bismarck-Schönhausen, Duke of Lauenburg (; born ''Otto Eduard Leopold von Bismarck''; 1 April 1815 – 30 July 1898) was a German statesman and diplomat who oversaw the unification of Germany and served as ...

. In 1886 Traube resigned from business. From 1866 to 1890 he was a member of the "Schlesische Gesellschaft für vaterländische Kultur“. He was elected to the board of this society in 1884.

The period in Berlin (1891–1894)

When Traube came to Berlin, he was already ill, probably from

and coronary

ischaemia Ischemia or ischaemia is a restriction in blood supply to any tissue, muscle group, or organ of the body, causing a shortage of oxygen that is needed for cellular metabolism (to keep tissue alive). Ischemia is generally caused by problems ...

. Here his two sons were employed at the university. He worked tirelessly even in the last year of his life. His death attracted great attention. He was laid to rest in the cemetery in Gudrunstrasse, Berlin-Lichtenberg. On the grave, no longer preserved, stood a bronze bust by the sculptor Fritz Schaper. The gypsum model survives in the Alte Nationalgalerie in Berlin. Traube died on 28 June 1894 in Berlin, at the age of 68.

Scientific achievements

Medicine and clinical chemistry

Traube showed that sugar excretion in the urine of a diabetic patient rose after

starch Starch or amylum is a polymeric carbohydrate consisting of numerous glucose units joined by glycosidic bonds. This polysaccharide is produced by most green plants for energy storage. Worldwide, it is the most common carbohydrate in human diet ...

intake but fell after

protein Proteins are large biomolecules and macromolecules that comprise one or more long chains of amino acid residue (biochemistry), residues. Proteins perform a vast array of functions within organisms, including Enzyme catalysis, catalysing metab ...

consumption. Additionally he demonstrated the unrestricted intestinal absorption of fats in diabetics. He thus contributed to the scientific basis for a diabetic diet. For diagnosis he proposed to measure sugar levels at specific, regular intervals: in the morning before breakfast and after meals. He thus anticipated modern principles of blood sugar measurements. Elsewhere he investigated the

laxative Laxatives, purgatives, or aperients are substances that loosen stools and increase bowel movements. They are used to treat and prevent constipation. Laxatives vary as to how they work and the side effects they may have. Certain stimulant, lubri ...

qualities of

lactose Lactose is a disaccharide composed of galactose and glucose and has the molecular formula C12H22O11. Lactose makes up around 2–8% of milk (by mass). The name comes from (Genitive case, gen. ), the Latin word for milk, plus the suffix ''-o ...

Theory of fermentation

Traube's main work, the ''Theorie der Fermentwirkungen'' (1858) is the first comprehensive theory of

fermentation Fermentation is a type of anaerobic metabolism which harnesses the redox potential of the reactants to make adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and organic end products. Organic molecules, such as glucose or other sugars, are catabolized and reduce ...

to be based on experiments and elaborated consequently from the chemical point of view. The discovery in 1837 that

yeast Yeasts are eukaryotic, single-celled microorganisms classified as members of the fungus kingdom (biology), kingdom. The first yeast originated hundreds of millions of years ago, and at least 1,500 species are currently recognized. They are est ...

was a living organism suggested that fermentation itself was a living process. Only a few scientists rejected this vitalistic

protoplasm Protoplasm (; ) is the part of a cell that is surrounded by a plasma membrane. It is a mixture of small molecules such as ions, monosaccharides, amino acids, and macromolecules such as proteins, polysaccharides, lipids, etc. In some definitions ...

theory, notably Traube. He was the first to define

enzymes An enzyme () is a protein that acts as a biological catalyst by accelerating chemical reactions. The molecules upon which enzymes may act are called substrates, and the enzyme converts the substrates into different molecules known as pro ...

as specific protein-like compounds and to formulate the necessity of direct molecular contact between enzyme and

substrate Substrate may refer to: Physical layers *Substrate (biology), the natural environment in which an organism lives, or the surface or medium on which an organism grows or is attached ** Substrate (aquatic environment), the earthy material that exi ...

for fermentation to occur. He classified enzymes by reaction type, much as is done today. Long before

Eduard Buchner Eduard Buchner (; 20 May 1860 – 13 August 1917) was a German chemist and Zymurgy, zymologist, awarded the 1907 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his work on fermentation (biochemistry), fermentation. Biography Early years Buchner was born in Mun ...

discovered non-cellular fermentation in 1897, Traube isolated an enzyme from potatoes which could turn guaiacum blue, thus demonstrating the continued efficacy of plant enzymes after they had been extracted from the cell. Until recently, biochemical history has not noted that Traube began to investigate the kinetics of reactions and also demonstrated a reciprocal relationship between reaction time and quantity of enzyme. To defend his theory, Traube had to argue vigorously against

and

. He contradicted Pasteur's assertion that fermentation could not occur without vital activity. In the context of these experiments Traube became the first to describe a process for making pure yeast. His differences with Hoppe-Seyler had to do with the mechanism by which oxygen was activated in fermentation reactions. Traube's experiments were designed to demonstrate activation via enzymes as catalysts and refute Hoppe-Seyler's hypothesis of

oxygen Oxygen is a chemical element; it has chemical symbol, symbol O and atomic number 8. It is a member of the chalcogen group (periodic table), group in the periodic table, a highly reactivity (chemistry), reactive nonmetal (chemistry), non ...

activation by nascent hydrogen produced by enzymes.

Physiology of plants and the invention of artificial semipermeable membranes

In 1864 Traube was the first to produce artificial

semipermeable membranes Semipermeable membrane is a type of synthetic or biologic, polymeric membrane that allows certain molecules or ions to pass through it by osmosis. The rate of passage depends on the pressure, concentration, and temperature of the molecules or s ...

, recognizing them as

molecular sieve A molecular sieve is a material with pores of uniform size comparable to that of individual molecules, linking the interior of the solid to its exterior. These materials embody the molecular sieve effect, in which molecules larger than the pore ...

s and using them in developing the first physical-chemical theory of plant cell growth. The artificial cells were created by putting droplets of glue in

tannic acid Tannic acid is a specific form of tannin, a type of polyphenol. Its weak acidity (Acid dissociation constant, pKa around 6) is due to the numerous phenol groups in the structure. The chemical formula for commercial tannic acid is often given as ...

; these grew under infusion of water. (Other membranes were created with tannic acid plus

verdigris Verdigris () is a common name for any of a variety of somewhat toxic copper salt (chemistry), salts of acetic acid, which range in colour from green to a blue-green, bluish-green depending on their chemical composition.H. Kühn, Verdigris and Cop ...

potassium ferrocyanide Potassium hexacyanidoferrate(II) is the inorganic compound with formula K4 e(CN)6�3H2O. It is the potassium salt of the coordination complex e(CN)6sup>4−. This salt forms lemon-yellow monoclinic crystals. Synthesis In 1752, the French chemi ...

plus copper chloride). These membranes laid the foundation for research into osmotic pressure in solutions (

Wilhelm Pfeffer Wilhelm Friedrich Philipp Pfeffer (9 March 1845 – 31 January 1920) was a German botanist and plant physiology, plant physiologist born in Grebenstein. Academic career He studied chemistry and pharmacy at the University of Göttingen, where hi ...

and

Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff Jr. (; 30 August 1852 – 1 March 1911) was a Dutch physical chemistry, physical chemist. A highly influential theoretical chemistry, theoretical chemist of his time, Van 't Hoff was the first winner of the Nobe ...

used them), and Traube himself did research on the manifestations of

diffusion Diffusion is the net movement of anything (for example, atoms, ions, molecules, energy) generally from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration. Diffusion is driven by a gradient in Gibbs free energy or chemical p ...

and

osmosis Osmosis (, ) is the spontaneous net movement or diffusion of solvent molecules through a selectively permeable membrane, selectively-permeable membrane from a region of high water potential (region of lower solute concentration) to a region of ...

Pathophysiology, bacteriology and hygienics

Traube also made an important contribution to the study of the etiology of disease. Together with Gscheidlen, an assistant of Rudolf Heidenhain he was the first to demonstrate via animal experiments that the organism has the ability to eliminate putrefactive bacteria. In evaluating the results, he distinguished chemical poisoning from infection with microorganisms on the one hand, and

pathogen In biology, a pathogen (, "suffering", "passion" and , "producer of"), in the oldest and broadest sense, is any organism or agent that can produce disease. A pathogen may also be referred to as an infectious agent, or simply a Germ theory of d ...

ic from putrefactive bacteria on the other. Further, he was the first to propose a relation between

immune system The immune system is a network of biological systems that protects an organism from diseases. It detects and responds to a wide variety of pathogens, from viruses to bacteria, as well as Tumor immunology, cancer cells, Parasitic worm, parasitic ...

infections An infection is the invasion of tissue (biology), tissues by pathogens, their multiplication, and the reaction of host (biology), host tissues to the infectious agent and the toxins they produce. An infectious disease, also known as a transmis ...

and active oxygen in the blood cells. In his last work Traube proposed disinfecting drinking water with

calcium chloride Calcium chloride is an inorganic compound, a Salt (chemistry), salt with the chemical formula . It is a white crystalline solid at room temperature, and it is highly soluble in water. It can be created by neutralising hydrochloric acid with cal ...

. This technique became very important. By 1914 the method was used in more than 100 cities in America. It was reintroduced to Germany after World War II via the American occupation.

Biological oxidation

Traube developed a homogeneous concept of the critical significance of

cellular respiration Cellular respiration is the process of oxidizing biological fuels using an inorganic electron acceptor, such as oxygen, to drive production of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which stores chemical energy in a biologically accessible form. Cell ...

for the generation of heat, formation and maintenance of structures and organ function. From his point of view biological oxidation takes place not only in the blood but in all tissues. Traube's theory of muscular metabolism is significant because it showed the close relationship between respiration, muscular activity and heat generation, thus contributed to the refutation of Liebig's theory of nutrients. The substrates for creating muscle power were thus primarily nitrogen-free compounds and not just proteins. To investigate the process of enzymatic oxygen activation in organisms Traube did experimental research into inorganic

autoxidation Autoxidation (sometimes auto-oxidation) refers to oxidations brought about by reactions with oxygen at normal temperatures, without the intervention of flame or electric spark. The term is usually used to describe the gradual degradation of organi ...

and oxygen activation. He thus demonstrated the role of water as active partner in slow oxidations and showed the intermediate character of

hydrogen peroxide Hydrogen peroxide is a chemical compound with the formula . In its pure form, it is a very pale blue liquid that is slightly more viscosity, viscous than Properties of water, water. It is used as an oxidizer, bleaching agent, and antiseptic, usua ...

generation.

Accolades and appreciations

In consistently applying chemistry to physiology, Traube was a follower of Liebig and peer of Hoppe-Seyler. Traube produced 51 publications, lectured and occasionally taught. His significant pupils were Guido Bodländer and his own son Wilhelm Traube. His biochemical concepts influenced later research. In his time he was especially noted for his clarification of the role of nutrients in metabolism and his work with semipermeable membranes. The University of Halle-Wittenberg conferred an honorary doctorate of medicine on Traube in 1867 and he was elected a corresponding member of the

Prussian Academy of Sciences The Royal Prussian Academy of Sciences () was an academy established in Berlin, Germany on 11 July 1700, four years after the Prussian Academy of Arts, or "Arts Academy," to which "Berlin Academy" may also refer. In the 18th century, when Frenc ...

in Berlin in 1886. Louis Pasteur called Traube an excellent physiologist and professor; extensive appreciations were written by

August Wilhelm von Hofmann August Wilhelm von Hofmann (8 April 18185 May 1892) was a German chemist who made considerable contributions to organic chemistry. His research on aniline helped lay the basis of the aniline-dye industry, and his research on coal tar laid the g ...

Hermann Emil Fischer Hermann Emil Louis Fischer (; 9 October 1852 – 15 July 1919) was a German chemist and List of Nobel laureates in Chemistry, 1902 recipient of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry. He discovered the Fischer esterification. He also developed the Fisch ...

and

Ferdinand Cohn Ferdinand Julius Cohn (24 January 1828 – 25 June 1898) was a German biologist. He is one of the founders of modern bacteriology and microbiology. Biography Ferdinand Julius Cohn was born in the Jewish quarter of Breslau in the Prussian Pro ...

. In 1875

Charles Darwin Charles Robert Darwin ( ; 12 February 1809 – 19 April 1882) was an English Natural history#Before 1900, naturalist, geologist, and biologist, widely known for his contributions to evolutionary biology. His proposition that all speci ...

had asked Traube to send him his work on cell formation. Philosophers, too, showed great interest in his results. In the 1870s

Karl Marx Karl Marx (; 5 May 1818 – 14 March 1883) was a German philosopher, political theorist, economist, journalist, and revolutionary socialist. He is best-known for the 1848 pamphlet '' The Communist Manifesto'' (written with Friedrich Engels) ...

met Traube in Karlsbad to learn more about inorganic cells because

Friedrich Engels Friedrich Engels ( ;"Engels"
''Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary''.Anti-Dühring ''Anti-Dühring'' (, "Herr Eugen Dühring's Revolution in Science") is a book by Friedrich Engels, first published in German in 1877 in parts and then in 1878 in book form. It had previously been serialised in the newspaper '' Vorwärts.'' There ...

, and Traube's artificial cells served as models of living plant cells. When the young

Robert Koch Heinrich Hermann Robert Koch ( ; ; 11 December 1843 – 27 May 1910) was a German physician and microbiologist. As the discoverer of the specific causative agents of deadly infectious diseases including tuberculosis, cholera and anthrax, he i ...

in 1876 presented his discovery of

bacillus anthracis ''Bacillus anthracis'' is a gram-positive and rod-shaped bacterium that causes anthrax, a deadly disease to livestock and, occasionally, to humans. It is the only permanent (obligate) pathogen within the genus ''Bacillus''. Its infection is a ty ...

as the specific cause of

anthrax Anthrax is an infection caused by the bacterium '' Bacillus anthracis'' or ''Bacillus cereus'' biovar ''anthracis''. Infection typically occurs by contact with the skin, inhalation, or intestinal absorption. Symptom onset occurs between one ...

to the leading bacteriologist

in Breslau, Traube, who had by then achieved academic recognition, was one of the few invited to witness this momentous event.

Bibliography

All of Traube's publications (with one exception :"Über den Milchzucker als Medikament") were compiled by his sons in: *Traube, M.: Gesammelte Abhandlungen. Hrsg. H. und W. Traube, Berlin, Mayer und Müller (1899) Some important publications: *Über die Gesetze der Zuckerausscheidung im Diabetes mellitus. Virchow's Archiv f. Path. Anatomie Bd. 4 (1852) 109 *Zur Theorie der Gährungs- und Verwesungs-Erscheinungen, wie der Fermentwirkungen überhaupt. Poggendorff, Annal. d. Phys. u. Chem. Bd. 103 (1858) 331 *Theorie der Fermentwirkungen. Verlag Ferd. Dümmler, Berlin 1858 *Über die Beziehung der Respiration zur Muskelthätigkeit und die Bedeutung der Respiration überhaupt. Virchow's Archiv f. Path. Anatomie Bd. 21 (1861) 386 *Über die Verbrennungwärme der Nahrungsstoffe. Virchow's Archiv f. Path. Anatomie Bd. 21 (1861) 414 *Über homogene Membranen und deren Einfluß auf die Endosmose. Vorläufige Mitteilungen. Zentralblatt f. d. med. Wissenschaften Nr. 7 u. 8 (1866) *Experimente zur Theorie der Zellenbildung und Endosmose. Reichert's u. du Bois-Reymond's Archiv (1867) *Über Fäulnis und Widerstand der lebenden Organismen gegen dieselbe. Jahresbericht der Schles. Gesellschaft für vaterl. Cultur (1874) 179 *Über das Verhalten der Alkoholhefe in sauerstoffgasfreien Medien. Ber. d. deutschen chem. Gesellsch. 7 (1874) 872 *Zur mechanischen Theorie des Zellwachsthums und zur Geschichte dieser Lehre. Botanische Zeitung 36 (1878) Nr. 42, 43, 44 *Über den Milchzucker als Medikament. Deutsche Medizinische Wochenschrift Nr.9 (1881) 113-114 *Über Aktivierung des Sauerstoffs. Ber. d. deutschen chem. Gesellschaft 15 (1882) 659 *Über das Verhalten des nascierenden Wasserstoffs gegen Sauerstoffgas. Ber. d. deutschen chem. Gesellschaft 16 (1883) 1201 *Zur Lehre von der Autoxydation (langsamen Verbrennung reducierender Körper). Ber. d. deutschen chem. Gesellsch. 22 (1889) 1496 *Zur Geschichte der Lehre von den antiseptischen Eigenschaften der höheren Organismen. Zentralblatt für klinische Medizin (1891) Nr. 52 *Einfaches Verfahren Wasser in grossen Mengen keimfrei zu machen. Zeitschrift f. Hygiene und Infectionskrankheiten 16 (1894) 149

Sources and literature

* Henrik Franke: MORITZ TRAUBE (1826-1894) - Leben und Wirken des universellen Privatgelehrten und Wegbereiters der physiologischen Chemie. Med. Dissertation 1994, Universitätsbibliothek der Humboldt-Universität Berlin Signatur 94 HB 1449. * Henrik Franke: Moritz Traube (1826-1894) Vom Weinkaufmann zum Akademiemitglied, "Studien und Quellen zur Geschichte der Chemie", Band 9, Verlag für Wissenschafts- und Regionalgeschichte Dr. Michael Engel, *HOFMANN, A.W.: Begründung des Vorschlages von MORITZ TRAUBE zum korrespondierenden Mitglied der Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin vom 10. Juni 1886 (Zentrales Archiv der Deutschen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin, Sign. II-III, 123, S. 115-117, 5 Bl.) *TRAUBE, M.: Brief an K. G. J. WEINHOLD vom 11. Juni 1888 (Zentrales Archiv der Deutschen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin, NL-Weinhold 1419, 4 Bl.) *TRAUBE, M.: Briefe. Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin. Preußischer Kulturbesitz. Handschriftenabt. Sign. Slg. Darmstaedter G 1 1875 (12) *BODLÄNDER, G.: Moritz Traube. Ber. d. deutschen chem. Gesellschaft 28 (1895) *COHN, F.: Nachruf und Nekrolog Moritz Traube. Jahresber. der Schlesischen Gesellsch. f. vaterländ. Kultur 72 (1894/1895). II. Abt., b. Sitzung d. zoolog.-botan. Section v. 1.11.1894, 63-64; Nekrologe 16-19; Allgem. Bericht 1-14 *FISCHER, E.: Dr. Moritz Traube. Ber. d. deutschen chem. Gesellschaft 27 (1894) 1795-1796 *FRAENKEL, M.: Moritz Traube. Das Lebensbild eines genialen Oberschlesiers. Oppeln (1931) *HOPPE-SEYLER, F.: Über Gährungen. Antwort auf einen Angriff des Herrn Moritz Traube. Ber. d. deutschen chem. Gesellschaft 10 (1877) 693-695 *LIEBEN, F.: Geschichte der physiologischen Chemie. Leipzig und Wien (1935) *MÄGDEFRAU, K.: Geschichte der Botanik. 2. Aufl., Stuttgart, Jena, New York (1992) *MÜLLER, K.: Moritz Traube und seine Theorie der Fermente. Zürich, Univ. med. Diss. 1970 *SOURKES, TH. L.: Moritz Traube, 1826 - 1894: His contribution to biochemistry. Journal of the History of Medicine 10 (1955) 379-391

External links

*
Biografie Moritz Traube von H. Franke
{{DEFAULTSORT:Traube, Moritz 1826 births 1894 deaths 19th-century German chemists German biochemists Silesian Jews 19th-century German Jews Humboldt University of Berlin alumni Scientists from the Province of Silesia People from Racibórz