Micrognathism is a condition where the jaw is undersized. It is also sometimes called mandibular hypoplasia. It is common in infants, but is usually self-corrected during growth, due to the jaws' increasing in size. It may be a cause of abnormal tooth alignment and in severe cases can hamper feeding. It can also, both in adults and children, make intubation difficult, either during anesthesia or in emergency situations. Pitt-rogers-danks_syndrome

Causes

While not always pathological, it can present as a birth defect in multiple syndromes including: *

Catel–Manzke syndrome Catel–Manzke syndrome is a rare genetic disorder characterized by distinctive abnormalities of the index fingers; the classic features of Pierre Robin syndrome; occasionally with additional physical findings. Signs and symptoms The clinical pres ...

* Bloom syndrome * Coffin–Lowry syndrome * Congenital rubella syndrome * Cri du chat syndrome *

DiGeorge syndrome DiGeorge syndrome, also known as 22q11.2 deletion syndrome, is a syndrome caused by a microdeletion on the long arm of chromosome 22. While the symptoms can vary, they often include congenital heart problems, specific facial features, frequent ...

* Ehlers–Danlos syndrome * Fetal alcohol syndrome * Hallermann–Streiff syndrome *

Hemifacial microsomia Hemifacial microsomia (HFM) is a congenital disorder that affects the development of the lower half of the face, most commonly the ears, the mouth and the mandible. It usually occurs on one side of the face, but both sides are sometimes affected. ...

(as part of Goldenhar syndrome) * Incontinentia pigmenti * Juvenile idiopathic arthritis *

Marfan syndrome Marfan syndrome (MFS) is a multi-systemic genetic disorder that affects the connective tissue. Those with the condition tend to be tall and thin, with long arms, legs, fingers, and toes. They also typically have exceptionally flexible joints a ...

Möbius syndrome Möbius syndrome is a rare congenital neurological disorder which is characterized by facial paralysis and the inability to move the eyes from side to side. Most people with Möbius syndrome are born with complete facial paralysis and cannot close ...

Noonan syndrome Noonan syndrome (NS) is a genetic disorder that may present with mildly unusual facial features, short height, congenital heart disease, bleeding problems, and skeletal malformations. Facial features include widely spaced eyes, light-colored ...

* Pierre Robin syndrome *

Prader–Willi syndrome Prader–Willi syndrome (PWS) is a genetic disorder caused by a loss of function of specific genes on chromosome 15. In newborns, symptoms include weak muscles, poor feeding, and slow development. Beginning in childhood, those affected become ...

Progeria Progeria is a specific type of progeroid syndrome, also known as Hutchinson–Gilford syndrome. A single gene mutation is responsible for progeria. The gene, known as lamin A (LMNA), makes a protein necessary for holding the Nucleus of the cell ...

* Silver–Russell syndrome * Seckel syndrome * Smith–Lemli–Opitz syndrome * Stickler syndrome *

Treacher Collins syndrome Treacher Collins syndrome (TCS) is a genetic disorder characterized by deformities of the ears, eyes, cheekbones, and chin. The degree to which a person is affected, however, may vary from mild to severe. Complications may include breathing prob ...

* Trisomy 13 (Patau syndrome) *

Trisomy 18 A trisomy is a type of polysomy in which there are three instances of a particular chromosome, instead of the normal two. A trisomy is a type of aneuploidy (an abnormal number of chromosomes). Description and causes Most organisms that reprod ...

(Edwards syndrome) * Trisomy 21 (Down syndrome) * Wolf–Hirschhorn syndrome * X0 syndrome (

Turner syndrome Turner syndrome (TS), also known as 45,X, or 45,X0, is a genetic condition in which a female is partially or completely missing an X chromosome. Signs and symptoms vary among those affected. Often, a short and webbed neck, low-set ears, low h ...

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Diagnosis

It can be detected by the naked eye as well as dental or skull X-Ray testing.

Treatments

Micrognathia can be treated by surgery, orthodontic braces, and modified eating methods. Early detection of the problem and monitoring as the problems grows can help understand it better and find the most effective treatment procedure.

References

External links

* {{Dentofacial anomalies and jaw disease Jaw disorders

Causes

Diagnosis

Treatments

See also

References

External links