Metaphysical nihilism is the

philosophical Philosophy ('love of wisdom' in Ancient Greek) is a systematic study of general and fundamental questions concerning topics like existence, reason, knowledge, Value (ethics and social sciences), value, mind, and language. It is a rational an ...

theory that there ''might'' have been no objects at all—that is, that there is a

possible world A possible world is a complete and consistent way the world is or could have been. Possible worlds are widely used as a formal device in logic, philosophy, and linguistics in order to provide a semantics for intensional and modal logic. Their met ...

in which there are no objects at all; or at least that there might have been no ''concrete'' objects at all, so that even if every possible world contains some objects, there is at least one that contains only

abstract object In philosophy and the arts, a fundamental distinction exists between abstract and concrete entities. While there is no universally accepted definition, common examples illustrate the difference: numbers, sets, and ideas are typically classif ...

s. To understand metaphysical nihilism, one can look to the subtraction theory in its simplest form, proposed by Thomas Baldwin. #There could have been finitely many things. #For each thing, that thing might not have existed. #The removal of one thing does not necessitate the introduction of another. #Therefore, there could have been no things at all. The idea is that there is a possible world with finitely many things. One can thus get another possible world by taking a single thing away, and one does not need to add any other thing as its replacement. Then one can take another thing away, and another, until one is left with a possible world that is empty. Against the possible strength of this intuitive argument, some philosophers argue that there are necessarily some concrete objects. It is a consequence of

David Kellogg Lewis David (; , "beloved one") was a king of ancient Israel and Judah and the third king of the United Monarchy, according to the Hebrew Bible and Old Testament. The Tel Dan stele, an Aramaic-inscribed stone erected by a king of Aram-Dama ...

's concrete modal realism that it is impossible that no concrete objects exist; for since worlds are concrete, there is at least one concrete object—the world itself—at each world. E. J. Lowe has likewise argued that there are necessarily some concrete objects. His argument runs as follows: Necessarily, there are some abstract objects, such as numbers. The only possible abstract objects are sets or universals, but both of these depend on the existence of concrete objects (for sets, their members; for universals, the things that instantiate them). Therefore, there are necessarily some concrete objects.

References

Bibliography

*Jason Turner, 'Ontological Nihilism', in Karen Bennett, and Dean W. Zimmerman (eds), Oxford Studies in Metaphysics: volume 6, Oxford Studies in Metaphysics (Oxford, 2011; online edn, Oxford Academic, 1 May 2011), https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199603039.003.0001, accessed 15 Aug. 2023. *Jan Westerhoff (2021) An argument for ontological nihilism, Inquiry, DOI: 10.1080/0020174X.2021.1934268 *O'Leary-Hawthorne, J., Cortens, A. Towards ontological nihilism. Philos Stud 79, 143–165 (1995). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00989707 {{DEFAULTSORT:Metaphysical nihilism Nihilism Metaphysical theories