Mashadi Azizbey oghlu Azizbeyov, also spelled Azizbekov (; ; January 6, 1876 - September 20, 1918) was a

Soviet The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR), commonly known as the Soviet Union, was a List of former transcontinental countries#Since 1700, transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 until Dissolution of the Soviet ...

revolutionary of Azerbaijani origin, leader of the revolutionary movement in

Azerbaijan Azerbaijan, officially the Republic of Azerbaijan, is a Boundaries between the continents, transcontinental and landlocked country at the boundary of West Asia and Eastern Europe. It is a part of the South Caucasus region and is bounded by ...

, one of the first Azeri

Marxists Marxism is a political philosophy and method of socioeconomic analysis. It uses a dialectical and materialist interpretation of historical development, better known as historical materialism, to analyse class relations, social conflict, and ...

, Provincial Commissioner and Deputy People's Commissar of Internal Affairs, gubernial commissar for

Baku Baku (, ; ) is the Capital city, capital and List of cities in Azerbaijan, largest city of Azerbaijan, as well as the largest city on the Caspian Sea and in the Caucasus region. Baku is below sea level, which makes it the List of capital ci ...

. He was one of the

26 Baku Commissars The 26 Baku Commissars were Bolshevik and Left SR, Left Socialist Revolutionary (SR) members of the Baku Commune. The commune was established in the city of Baku, which was then the capital of the briefly independent Azerbaijan Democratic Repub ...

. Azizbeyov became a member of

Russian Social Democratic Labour Party The Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (RSDLP), also known as the Russian Social Democratic Workers' Party (RSDWP) or the Russian Social Democratic Party (RSDP), was a socialist political party founded in 1898 in Minsk, Russian Empire. The ...

and one of the leaders of

Muslim Social Democratic Party The Muslim Social Democratic Party, usually referred to as Hummet (), was a political party in South Caucasus. In 1920, it merged with the Baku communist group Adalat ( 'Justice') to form the first Communist Party of Azerbaijan. "Old" Hummet (1 ...

. After the

October Revolution The October Revolution, also known as the Great October Socialist Revolution (in Historiography in the Soviet Union, Soviet historiography), October coup, Bolshevik coup, or Bolshevik revolution, was the second of Russian Revolution, two r ...

, he joined the Baku Comissars. As the

Baku Commune Baku (, ; ) is the Capital city, capital and List of cities in Azerbaijan, largest city of Azerbaijan, as well as the largest city on the Caspian Sea and in the Caucasus region. Baku is below sea level, which makes it the List of capital ci ...

was voted out of power in July 1918, Azizbeyov and rest of the Commissars abandoned

and fled across the

Caspian Sea The Caspian Sea is the world's largest inland body of water, described as the List of lakes by area, world's largest lake and usually referred to as a full-fledged sea. An endorheic basin, it lies between Europe and Asia: east of the Caucasus, ...

. However, they were captured by anti-Soviet forces. On the night of September 20, Azizbeyov was executed by a firing squad in a remote location between the stations of Pereval and Akhcha-Kuyma on the

Trans-Caspian railway The Trans-Caspian Railway (also called the Central Asian Railway, ) is a railway that follows the path of the Silk Road through much of western Central Asia. It was built by the Russian Empire during its expansion into Central Asia in the 19t ...

. Currently, views on Azizbeyov in Azerbaijan are mixed.

Azerbaijani nationalists Azerbaijani nationalism (), also referred to as Azerbaijanism () originated as a result of the Pan-Turkist agenda expressed during the October Revolution and historiography under the Soviet Union. Azerbaijani nationalism is characterized by irred ...

, the ruling

New Azerbaijan Party The New Azerbaijan Party (, YAP) is the ruling political party in Azerbaijan, founded on 21 November 1992 under the leadership of Heydar Aliyev. After his election as President of Azerbaijan on 3 October 1993, and the party's victory at 1995 parl ...

, and the main opposition parties

Musavat The Müsavat Party (, from ''musāwāt'', ) is the oldest existing political party in Azerbaijan. Its history can be divided into three periods: Early Musavat, Musavat-in-exile and New Musavat. The party was prohibited from contesting the 1995 ...

and

APFP The Azerbaijani Popular Front Party (APFP; , ) is a political party in Azerbaijan, founded in 1989 by Abulfaz Elchibey. Since Elchibey was ousted from power in the 1993 military coup, the party has been one of the main opposition parties to the ...

do not see Azizbeyov as a positive figure. Meanwhile, the

Azerbaijan Communist Party The Azerbaijan Communist Party (; ) was the ruling political party in the Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic, Azerbaijan SSR, making it effectively a branch of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. It was formed on 20 February 1920, when ...

and many other local left-wing politicians and sees Azizbeyov as an important, notable and positive figure in the

history of Azerbaijan In this article, the history of Azerbaijan is understood as the history of the region now forming the Republic of Azerbaijan. Topographically, the land is contained by the southern slopes of the Caucasus Mountains in the north, the Caspian Sea i ...

Biography

Early life

Soviet sources claimed that he was born into the family of

bricklayer A bricklayer, which is related to but different from a mason, is a craftsperson and tradesperson who lays bricks to construct brickwork. The terms also refer to personnel who use blocks to construct blockwork walls and other forms of maso ...

s, but according to the Azizbeyov's grandson, he was born into a family of

noblemen Nobility is a social class found in many societies that have an aristocracy. It is normally appointed by and ranked immediately below royalty. Nobility has often been an estate of the realm with many exclusive functions and characteristics. Th ...

. Azizbeyov's father was close friends with

Zeynalabdin Taghiyev Hajji Mirza Zeynalabdin Taghi oghlu Taghiyev (; ) (b. 25 January 1821, 1823, or 1838, d. 1 September 1924) was an Azerbaijani national industrial magnate and philanthropist. Early life Zeynalabdin Taghiyev was born into the poor family of a sh ...

, but he was executed during the rule of the

Russian Empire The Russian Empire was an empire that spanned most of northern Eurasia from its establishment in November 1721 until the proclamation of the Russian Republic in September 1917. At its height in the late 19th century, it covered about , roughl ...

. Mashadi finished secondary school in Baku in 1896 and moved to

St. Petersburg Saint Petersburg, formerly known as Petrograd and later Leningrad, is the second-largest city in Russia after Moscow. It is situated on the River Neva, at the head of the Gulf of Finland on the Baltic Sea. The city had a population of 5,601, ...

to enter civil engineering school. He joined the Russian Social Democratic Party in 1898 and took part in student movements. In 1899, he entered the St. Petersburg Technological Institute and graduated in as an electrical engineer. He was fluent in Russian and

German German(s) may refer to: * Germany, the country of the Germans and German things **Germania (Roman era) * Germans, citizens of Germany, people of German ancestry, or native speakers of the German language ** For citizenship in Germany, see also Ge ...

Political and social activities

Russia and Iran

He took part in the protest of Saint Petersburg factory workers in 1902, for which he was persecuted, and in the

Russian Revolution The Russian Revolution was a period of Political revolution (Trotskyism), political and social revolution, social change in Russian Empire, Russia, starting in 1917. This period saw Russia Dissolution of the Russian Empire, abolish its mona ...

of 1905, as well as the famous "Mazut" constitution movement in

. He was an organizer of the Baku Oil Workers Union. During

World War I World War I or the First World War (28 July 1914 – 11 November 1918), also known as the Great War, was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War I, Allies (or Entente) and the Central Powers. Fighting to ...

, he helped many war refugees and wounded regardless of their nationality. Azizbeyov was a member of the ''İctimaiyyun-amiyyun'' (''Mujaheed'') party in

Iran Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran (IRI) and also known as Persia, is a country in West Asia. It borders Iraq to the west, Turkey, Azerbaijan, and Armenia to the northwest, the Caspian Sea to the north, Turkmenistan to the nort ...

. He was elected to the

State Duma The State Duma is the lower house of the Federal Assembly (Russia), Federal Assembly of Russia, with the upper house being the Federation Council (Russia), Federation Council. It was established by the Constitution of Russia, Constitution of t ...

as a representative from Baku. During the Iranian revolution of 1908–10, he went to Iran and provided support in terms of literature and weaponry. In 1909, he was chosen as the head of the organization called "Help for the

Iranian Revolution The Iranian Revolution (, ), also known as the 1979 Revolution, or the Islamic Revolution of 1979 (, ) was a series of events that culminated in the overthrow of the Pahlavi dynasty in 1979. The revolution led to the replacement of the Impe ...

" in Baku. He was invited to Rasht and Anzali to participate in revolutionary activities. He personally knew

Sattar Khan Sattar Khan (, , October 20, 1866 – November 17, 1914), honorarily titled Sardār-e Melli ( meaning ''National Commander'') was a pivotal figure in the Iranian Constitutional Revolution and is considered a national hero by the Iranian people. ...

Azerbaijan

He played a very active role in the establishment of the National Drama Theater of Azerbaijan (the Academy National Drama Theater was named after him for a short time) and also contributed to the construction of ''Shollar'' water in Baku, as a financial supporter and as an engineer. During his job in ''Elektrichiskaya Sila'', he tried to stop the Azerbaijani-Armenian ethnic clashes. In 1906, he created the "druzhina" (paramilitary group) in Baku called ''Bayraği-nüsrət'' (''Flag of the Glory''). Then he played a role in the publishment of the Bolshevik papers called ''Devet-Qoch'' and ''Priziv''. He became the co-head of the cultural-educative society of ''Nijat'' and opened a new place to help the poor population of Baku. In 1914 he participated and actively supported the protest of Baku industrial workers.

Jalil Mammadguluzadeh Jalil Huseyngulu oghlu Mammadguluzadeh (, ; 22 February 1869 – 4 January 1932), was an Azerbaijani people, Azerbaijani List of satirists and satires, satirist and writer. He was the founder of Molla Nasraddin (magazine), ''Molla Nasraddin'', a ...

gave the first publication of ''Molla Nasraddin'' to Azizbeyov for his contributions to education in Azerbaijan at that time.

Baku Commissars and Death

After the 1917 revolution, he was elected to the leadership of the

. In March, he began participating in

Hummet The Muslim Social Democratic Party, usually referred to as Hummet (), was a political party in South Caucasus. In 1920, it merged with the Baku communist group Adalat ( 'Justice') to form the first Communist Party of Azerbaijan. "Old" Hummet (1 ...

organizations. In April, he became a member of the bureau of the Muslim Social Democratic Party in Baku. He continued these activities for the rest of the year. He was one of the

26 Commissars The 26 Baku Commissars were Bolshevik and Left Socialist Revolutionary (SR) members of the Baku Commune. The commune was established in the city of Baku, which was then the capital of the briefly independent Azerbaijan Democratic Republic, and ...

of the Baku Commune that was established in the city after the

. According to the Azizbeyov's grandson, during the

March Days The March Days or March Events () was a period of inter-ethnic strife and clashes which took place between 30 March – 2 April 1918 in the city of Baku and adjacent areas of the Baku Governorate of the Transcaucasian Commissariat. Facilita ...

Azizbeyov was in charge of the

Shamakhi Shamakhi (, ) is a city in Azerbaijan and the administrative centre of the Shamakhi District. The city's estimated population was 31,704. It is famous for its traditional dancers, the Shamakhi Dancers, and also for perhaps giving its name to th ...

district and he saved the large part of population from the mass killings by

Dashnak The Armenian Revolutionary Federation (, abbr. ARF (ՀՅԴ) or ARF-D), also known as Dashnaktsutyun (Armenian: Դաշնակցություն, lit. "Federation"), is an Armenian nationalist and socialist political party founded in 1890 in Tifl ...

s, as he believed the poor village population can not be dangerous to the revolution. Azizbeyov was friends with

Mammad Amin Rasulzade Mahammad Amin Akhund Haji Molla Alakbar oghlu Rasulzade (31 January 1884 – 6 March 1955) was an Azerbaijani politician, journalist and the head of the Azerbaijani National Council. He is mainly considered the founder of Azerbaijan Democratic ...

in the early 1900s when he was also a member of the

organization. When the Commune was toppled by the Centro Caspian Dictatorship, a British-backed coalition of

Dashnaks The Armenian Revolutionary Federation (, abbr. ARF (ՀՅԴ) or ARF-D), also known as Dashnaktsutyun (Armenian: Դաշնակցություն, lit. "Federation"), is an Armenian nationalist and socialist political party founded in 1890 in Tifl ...

SRs SRS or SrS may stand for: Organizations and companies Companies *Sperry Rail Service, a rail inspection contractor *Stanford Research Systems, a test and measurement instruments manufacturer * SRS Cinemas, in India * SRS Labs, an American aud ...

and

Mensheviks The Mensheviks ('the Minority') were a faction of the Marxist Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (RSDLP) which split with Vladimir Lenin's Bolshevik faction at the Second Party Congress in 1903. Mensheviks held more moderate and reformist ...

, Azizbeyov and his comrades were captured by

British British may refer to: Peoples, culture, and language * British people, nationals or natives of the United Kingdom, British Overseas Territories and Crown Dependencies. * British national identity, the characteristics of British people and culture ...

troops and executed by

firing squad Firing may refer to: * Dismissal (employment), sudden loss of employment by termination * Firemaking, the act of starting a fire * Burning; see combustion * Shooting, specifically the discharge of firearms * Execution by firing squad, a method of ...

between the stations of Pereval and Akhcha-Kuyma of the Transcaucasian Railroad. Azizbeyov, along with other Baku Comissars were buried in a huge ceremony in the center of Baku. In January 2009, the

authorities began the demolition of the city's 26 Commissars Memorial. The monument itself had been fenced-off since July 2008. The remains of the commissars were reburied at Hovsan Cemetery on 26 January 2009, with participation of Muslim, Jewish and Christian clergy who conducted religious ceremonies. The dismantling was opposed by some local left-wingers and by the

. During the reburial, no information was given to Azizbeyov's relatives, who wanted Azizbeyov to be reburied in the graveyard of Suvelan next to the grave of his mother. Currently, it is impossible to recognize which grave belongs to Mashadi Azizbeyov in the graveyard.

Personal life

Mashadi was married to the daughter of millionaire Zarbaliyev. He had four children; Aslan, Beyimkhanum, Safura and Aziz, who later became a major-general of the Soviet

intendant An intendant (; ; ) was, and sometimes still is, a public official, especially in France, Spain, Portugal, and Latin America. The intendancy system was a centralizing administrative system developed in France. In the War of the Spanish Success ...

service. His granddaughter Pustekhanum wrote a number of books about him. His wife Khanum Azizbeyova became the chairman of the first women club in 1919 organized by the oil magnate Shamsi Asadullayev. She was also active in the notable women's magazine ''Şərq qadını'' (Woman of the East). The grandson of his uncle's son Janibek Azizbeyov was killed during the

First Nagorno-Karabakh War The First Nagorno-Karabakh War was an ethnic conflict, ethnic and territorial conflict that took place from February 1988 to May 1994, in the enclave of Nagorno-Karabakh in southwestern Azerbaijan, between the majority ethnic Armenians of Nag ...

Legacy

In the

Soviet Union The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR), commonly known as the Soviet Union, was a List of former transcontinental countries#Since 1700, transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 until Dissolution of the Soviet ...

, Azizbeyov was portrayed as one of the fallen heroes of the

. The first historical novella in

Azerbaijani literature Azerbaijani literature (, ) is written in Azerbaijani, a Turkic language, which is the official state language of the Republic of Azerbaijan, where the North Azerbaijani variety is spoken. It is also natively spoken in Iran, where the Sout ...

, ''Komissar'', by writer

Mehdi Huseyn Mehdi Ali oglu Huseynov – famed under the pseudonym Mehdi Huseyn (; 17 April 1909 – 10 March 1965) was an Azerbaijani and Soviet writer and critic, laureate of the State Stalin Prize of the third degree (1950) and member of the All-Union Comm ...

, features Azizbeyov as the main character. In cinema, he was portrayed in ''26 Commissars'' (, 1933), ''Morning'' (, 1960, by Azeri actor ), an adaptation of ''Komissar'', and ''26 Baku Commissars!'' (, 1966, by Azeri actor ). He, along with the other Baku Commissars, was the subject of many films, documentaries, novels and poems of the

, notably the ''26-lar'' by

Samad Vurgun Samad Vurgun ( ; born Samad Yusif oghlu Vekilov; March 21, 1906 – May 27, 1956) was an Azerbaijani and Soviet poet, dramatist, public figure, first People's Artist of the Azerbaijan SSR (1943), academician of Azerbaijan National Academy of Scie ...

, the novels ''Fighting City'' and ''Mysterious Baku'' by Mammad Said Ordubadi, as well as works by

Nikolai Tikhonov Nikolai Aleksandrovich Tikhonov ( – 1 June 1997) was a Soviet Russian-Ukrainian statesman during the Cold War. He served as Chairman of the Council of Ministers from 1980 to 1985, and as a First Deputy Chairman of the Council of Ministers, ...

Nairi Zarian Nairi Zarian (born Hayastan Yeghiazarian, , January 13, 1901, Kharakonis, Ottoman Empire – July 12, 1969, Yerevan) was a Soviet and Armenian writer, poet and playwright. From 1944 to 1946, he was president of the Writers Union of Armenia. He a ...

Suleyman Rustam Suleyman Rustam (; 12 March 1906 – 10 June 1989) was a Soviet and Azerbaijani poet, playwright and translator. Biography Suleyman Rustam was born on in Novxanı village in family of a blacksmith. He studied at Russo-Tatar school until th ...

Yeghishe Charents Yeghishe Charents (; , 1897 – November 27, 1937) was an Armenian poet, writer and public activist. Charents' literary subject matter ranged from his experiences in the First World War, the Russian Revolution, and frequently Armenia and Arme ...

Mikayil Mushfig Mikayil Mushfig (, born Mikayil Ismayilzade) (5 June 1908, Baku – 6 January 1938, Baku) was an Azerbaijani poet of the 1930s. Mikayil Mushfig is considered one of the founders of the new Azerbaijani poetic style. Most of his poetry is abou ...

Vasily Kamensky Vasily Vasilyevich Kamensky (; – November 11, 1961) was a Russian Futurism, Russian Futurist poet, playwright, and artist as well as one of the first Russian Aircraft pilot, aviators. Biography Kamensky was born in Perm, Russia, Perm, whe ...

Paolo Iashvili Paolo Iashvili ( ka, პაოლო იაშვილი; 29 June 1894 – 22 July 1937) was a Georgian poet and one of the leaders of the Georgian symbolist movement. Under the Soviet Union, his obligatory conformism and the loss of his friends ...

Semyon Kirsanov Semyon Isaakovich Kirsanov (; – 10 December 1972) was a Soviet and Russian poet and journalist. Biography Still in his teens, Kirsanov was the organizing force in his native Odessa in 1921 behind the Southern Association of Futurists. In ...

, Mirvarid Dilbazi, and

Sergey Yesenin Sergei Alexandrovich Yesenin (, ; 1895 – 28 December 1925), sometimes spelled as Esenin, was a Russian lyric poet. He is one of the most popular and well-known Russian poets of the 20th century. One of his narratives was "lyrical evocations ...

. The towns of

Vayk Vayk () is a town and the centre of the Vayk Municipality of the Vayots Dzor Province of Armenia. As per the 2016 official estimate, Vayk had a population of around 4,700. However, as of the 2022 census, the population of the town was 5,356, down ...

, Aregnadem and Zarritap, all in

Armenia Armenia, officially the Republic of Armenia, is a landlocked country in the Armenian Highlands of West Asia. It is a part of the Caucasus region and is bordered by Turkey to the west, Georgia (country), Georgia to the north and Azerbaijan to ...

, were officially named Azizbeyov during the Soviet era. Busts of him in a metro station in

Georgia Georgia most commonly refers to: * Georgia (country), a country in the South Caucasus * Georgia (U.S. state), a state in the southeastern United States Georgia may also refer to: People and fictional characters * Georgia (name), a list of pe ...

, one of the central parks of Armenia, and a metro station in

were removed in the last decades.

Khazar raion The Khazar raion or Khazar rayon () is one of the 12 rayonlar in Baku, Azerbaijan. It has a population of 204,736. Khazar rayon is a part of the Baku Metropolitan Area which makes up a majority of the Absheron Peninsula, with a total population o ...

was officially called Azizbeyov until 2010. A street named after him in

Turkmenistan Turkmenistan is a landlocked country in Central Asia bordered by Kazakhstan to the northwest, Uzbekistan to the north, east and northeast, Afghanistan to the southeast, Iran to the south and southwest and the Caspian Sea to the west. Ash ...

was changed in recent years as well. However, an avenue, a street in

, villages in the Goygol and Goranboy regions of Azerbaijan, and a city in the

Nakhichevan Autonomous Republic The Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic (, ) is a landlocked exclave of the Republic of Azerbaijan. The region covers Official portal of Nakhchivan Autonomous RepublicNakhchivan Autonomous Republic with a population of 459,600. It is bordered by Arm ...

are still officially called ''Azizbeyov''. There are streets named after him in

Kazakhstan Kazakhstan, officially the Republic of Kazakhstan, is a landlocked country primarily in Central Asia, with a European Kazakhstan, small portion in Eastern Europe. It borders Russia to the Kazakhstan–Russia border, north and west, China to th ...

(

Almaty Almaty, formerly Alma-Ata, is the List of most populous cities in Kazakhstan, largest city in Kazakhstan, with a population exceeding two million residents within its metropolitan area. Located in the foothills of the Trans-Ili Alatau mountains ...

Taraz Taraz ( ; also historically known as Talas) is a city and the administrative center of Jambyl Region in Kazakhstan, located on the Talas (river), Talas (Taraz) River in the south of the country near the border with Kyrgyzstan. It had a populatio ...

Russia Russia, or the Russian Federation, is a country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia. It is the list of countries and dependencies by area, largest country in the world, and extends across Time in Russia, eleven time zones, sharing Borders ...

(

Volgograd Volgograd,. formerly Tsaritsyn. (1589–1925) and Stalingrad. (1925–1961), is the largest city and the administrative centre of Volgograd Oblast, Russia. The city lies on the western bank of the Volga, covering an area of , with a population ...

Astrakhan Astrakhan (, ) is the largest city and administrative centre of Astrakhan Oblast in southern Russia. The city lies on two banks of the Volga, in the upper part of the Volga Delta, on eleven islands of the Caspian Depression, from the Caspian Se ...

Tajikistan Tajikistan, officially the Republic of Tajikistan, is a landlocked country in Central Asia. Dushanbe is the capital city, capital and most populous city. Tajikistan borders Afghanistan to the Afghanistan–Tajikistan border, south, Uzbekistan to ...

(

Dushanbe Dushanbe is the Capital city, capital and largest city of Tajikistan. , Dushanbe had a population of 1,564,700, with this population being largely Tajiks, Tajik. Until 1929, the city was known in Russian as Dyushambe, and from 1929 to 1961 as St ...

Ukraine Ukraine is a country in Eastern Europe. It is the List of European countries by area, second-largest country in Europe after Russia, which Russia–Ukraine border, borders it to the east and northeast. Ukraine also borders Belarus to the nor ...

(

Kryvyi Rih Kryvyi Rih ( ; , ), also known as Krivoy Rog ( ), is a city in central Ukraine. It hosts the administration of Kryvyi Rih Raion and its subordinate Kryvyi Rih urban hromada in Dnipropetrovsk Oblast. The city is part of the Kryvyi Rih Metropo ...

Donetsk Donetsk ( , ; ; ), formerly known as Aleksandrovka, Yuzivka (or Hughesovka), Stalin, and Stalino, is an industrial city in eastern Ukraine located on the Kalmius River in Donetsk Oblast, which is currently occupied by Russia as the capita ...

), and

Uzbekistan , image_flag = Flag of Uzbekistan.svg , image_coat = Emblem of Uzbekistan.svg , symbol_type = Emblem of Uzbekistan, Emblem , national_anthem = "State Anthem of Uzbekistan, State Anthem of the Republ ...

(

Jizzakh Jizzakh ( ; , ) is a city and the center of Jizzakh Region in Uzbekistan, located in the northeast of Samarkand. It is a district-level city. The population of Jizzakh is 179,200 (2020 est.).Dagestan Dagestan ( ; ; ), officially the Republic of Dagestan, is a republic of Russia situated in the North Caucasus of Eastern Europe, along the Caspian Sea. It is located north of the Greater Caucasus, and is a part of the North Caucasian Fede ...

) named after him.

References

External links

Monument to Mashadi Azizbeyov in BakuEncyclopaedia / People at www.bakupages.com
Russian Cultural Anthropology After the Collapse of Communism. ''Yerevan memory and forgetting in the organization of post-Soviet urban space'' by Levon Abrahamian, p. 240 {{DEFAULTSORT:Mashadi Azizbeyov 1876 births 1918 deaths Articles containing video clips Azerbaijani atheists Azerbaijani Marxists Azerbaijani revolutionaries Executed Azerbaijani people Executed politicians Old Bolsheviks Engineers from Baku Russian Social Democratic Labour Party members People of the Persian Constitutional Revolution Politicians from Baku Alumni by Baku Real School