Max Askanazy (24 February 1865,

Stallupönen Nesterov (), until 1938 known by its German language, German name (; ) and in 1938-1946 as Ebenrode, is a types of inhabited localities in Russia, town and the administrative center of Nesterovsky District in Kaliningrad Oblast, Russia, locate ...

East Prussia East Prussia was a Provinces of Prussia, province of the Kingdom of Prussia from 1772 to 1829 and again from 1878 (with the Kingdom itself being part of the German Empire from 1871); following World War I it formed part of the Weimar Republic's ...

– 23 October 1940,

Geneva Geneva ( , ; ) ; ; . is the List of cities in Switzerland, second-most populous city in Switzerland and the most populous in French-speaking Romandy. Situated in the southwest of the country, where the Rhône exits Lake Geneva, it is the ca ...

Switzerland Switzerland, officially the Swiss Confederation, is a landlocked country located in west-central Europe. It is bordered by Italy to the south, France to the west, Germany to the north, and Austria and Liechtenstein to the east. Switzerland ...

) was a German-Swiss

pathologist Pathology is the study of disease. The word ''pathology'' also refers to the study of disease in general, incorporating a wide range of biology research fields and medical practices. However, when used in the context of modern medical treatme ...

. In 1890 he received his medical doctorate from the

University of Königsberg The University of Königsberg () was the university of Königsberg in Duchy of Prussia, which was a fief of Poland. It was founded in 1544 as the world's second Protestant Reformation, Protestant academy (after the University of Marburg) by Duke A ...

, where he worked for several years in its pathological institute. In 1903 he obtained the title of professor. In 1905 he succeeded Friedrich Wilhelm Zahn (1845–1904), as professor of general pathology at the

University of Geneva The University of Geneva (French: ''Université de Genève'') is a public university, public research university located in Geneva, Switzerland. It was founded in 1559 by French theologian John Calvin as a Theology, theological seminary. It rema ...

, a position he maintained until 1939. Askanazy made contributions in the fields of

hematology Hematology (American and British English spelling differences#ae and oe, spelled haematology in British English) is the branch of medicine concerned with the study of the cause, prognosis, treatment, and prevention of diseases related to bloo ...

and

parasitology Parasitology is the study of parasites, their host (biology), hosts, and the relationship between them. As a List of biology disciplines, biological discipline, the scope of parasitology is not determined by the organism or environment in questio ...

, also conducting important research of bone pathology and the formation of tumors in humans. In 1898 he was the first scientist to describe

Hürthle cell A Hürthle cell is a transformed (metaplasia) thyroid follicular cell with "enlarged mitochondria and enlarged round nuclei with prominent nucleoli", resulting in eosinophilia in the cytoplasm. Oncocytes in the thyroid are often called Hürthl ...

s, and in 1904 he was the first to link

osteitis fibrosa cystica Osteitis fibrosa cystica ( ) is a skeletal disorder resulting in a loss of bone mass, a weakening of the bones as their calcified supporting structures are replaced with fibrous tissue ( peritrabecular fibrosis), and the formation of cyst-like ...

with

parathyroid Parathyroid glands are small endocrine glands in the neck of humans and other tetrapods. Humans usually have four parathyroid glands, located on the back of the thyroid gland in variable locations. The parathyroid gland produces and secretes pa ...

tumors. In 1921, he provided an early description of Schaumann bodies (''kalkdrusen''), and two years later, he was the first to describe a gastric carcinoid tumor. In 1928, he founded the ''Société internationale de pathologie géographique'' (The International Society for Geographical Pathology), which would play an important role in the formation of the epidemiology of cancer.

Written works

He was the author of around 170 scientific works; the following are a few of his principal writings: * ''Zur Regeneration der quergestreiften Muskelfasern'', 1890 – For the regeneration of

muscle fiber A muscle cell, also known as a myocyte, is a mature contractile cell in the muscle of an animal. In humans and other vertebrates there are three types: skeletal, smooth, and cardiac (cardiomyocytes). A skeletal muscle cell is long and threadl ...

s. * ''Ueber Ostitis deformans ohne osteoides Gewebe''. Arbeiten aus dem pathologisch-anatomischen Institut zu Tübingen, 1904, 4. 398-422 - On

osteitis deformans Paget's disease of bone (commonly known as Paget's disease or, historically, osteitis deformans) is a condition involving Bone remodeling, cellular remodeling and deformity of one or more bones. The affected bones show signs of dysregulated bone ...

without osteoid tissue. * ''Pathologische Anatomie : Ein Lehrbuch für Studierende und Ärzte'', 1911 –

Pathological anatomy Anatomical pathology (''Commonwealth'') or anatomic pathology (''U.S.'') is a medical specialty that is concerned with the diagnosis of disease based on the gross examination, macroscopic, Histopathology, microscopic, biochemical, immu ...

: a textbook for students and physicians. * ''Blut, Knochenmark, Lymphknoten, Milz''. 1 Handbuch der speziellen pathologischen Anatomie und Histologie/ Bd. 1, T. 1, Blut, Lymphknoten / edited by Max Askanazy, 1926 - Blood,

bone marrow Bone marrow is a semi-solid biological tissue, tissue found within the Spongy bone, spongy (also known as cancellous) portions of bones. In birds and mammals, bone marrow is the primary site of new blood cell production (or haematopoiesis). It i ...

lymph nodes A lymph node, or lymph gland, is a kidney-shaped Organ (anatomy), organ of the lymphatic system and the adaptive immune system. A large number of lymph nodes are linked throughout the body by the lymphatic vessels. They are major sites of lymphoc ...

spleen The spleen (, from Ancient Greek '' σπλήν'', splḗn) is an organ (biology), organ found in almost all vertebrates. Similar in structure to a large lymph node, it acts primarily as a blood filter. The spleen plays important roles in reg ...

.WorldCat Identities
(list of publications)

References

Who Named It ''Whonamedit?'' is an online English-language dictionary of medical eponyms and the people associated with their identification. Though it is a dictionary, many eponyms and persons are presented in extensive articles with comprehensive bibliograp ...

{{DEFAULTSORT:Askanazy, Max 1865 births 1940 deaths People from Nesterov People from East Prussia Swiss pathologists Academic staff of the University of Geneva Academic staff of the University of Königsberg University of Königsberg alumni Emigrants from the German Empire Immigrants to Switzerland