Marmaduke Tunstall
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Marmaduke Tunstall (1743 – 11 October 1790) was an
English English usually refers to: * English language * English people English may also refer to: Culture, language and peoples * ''English'', an adjective for something of, from, or related to England * ''English'', an Amish ter ...
ornithologist Ornithology, from Ancient Greek ὄρνις (''órnis''), meaning "bird", and -logy from λόγος (''lógos''), meaning "study", is a branch of zoology dedicated to the study of birds. Several aspects of ornithology differ from related discip ...
and collector. He was the author of ''Ornithologia Britannica'' (1771), probably the first British work to use
binomial nomenclature In taxonomy, binomial nomenclature ("two-term naming system"), also called binary nomenclature, is a formal system of naming species of living things by giving each a name composed of two parts, both of which use Latin grammatical forms, altho ...
. Tunstall was born at
Burton Constable Burton Constable is a village and civil parish in the East Riding of Yorkshire, England. It lies approximately north-east of Hull city centre and south-east of the village of Skirlaugh. The civil parish is formed by the village of Burton C ...
in
Yorkshire Yorkshire ( ) is an area of Northern England which was History of Yorkshire, historically a county. Despite no longer being used for administration, Yorkshire retains a strong regional identity. The county was named after its county town, the ...
. In 1760, he succeeded to the family estates of Scargill, Hutton, Long Villers and Wycliffe. Being a Catholic, he was educated at
Douai Douai ( , , ; ; ; formerly spelled Douay or Doway in English) is a city in the Nord (French department), Nord département in northern France. It is a Subprefectures in France, sub-prefecture of the department. Located on the river Scarpe (rive ...
in France. On completing his studies, he took up residence in Welbeck Street,
London London is the Capital city, capital and List of urban areas in the United Kingdom, largest city of both England and the United Kingdom, with a population of in . London metropolitan area, Its wider metropolitan area is the largest in Wester ...
, where he formed an extensive museum, as well as a large collection of living birds and animals. He is known for formally describing the
Peregrine falcon The peregrine falcon (''Falco peregrinus''), also known simply as the peregrine, is a Cosmopolitan distribution, cosmopolitan bird of prey (raptor) in the family (biology), family Falconidae renowned for its speed. A large, Corvus (genus), cro ...
. After his marriage in 1776, the museum was moved to Wycliffe, and at the time, was one of the finest in England. Tunstall became a fellow of the
Society of Antiquaries of London The Society of Antiquaries of London (SAL) is a learned society of historians and archaeologists in the United Kingdom. It was founded in 1707, received its royal charter in 1751 and is a Charitable organization, registered charity. It is based ...
at the age of twenty-one, and in 1771, was elected a fellow of the
Royal Society The Royal Society, formally The Royal Society of London for Improving Natural Knowledge, is a learned society and the United Kingdom's national academy of sciences. The society fulfils a number of roles: promoting science and its benefits, re ...
. Tunstall died at Wycliffe, and his estates passed to his half-brother, William Constable. Constable invited
Thomas Bewick Thomas Bewick (c. 11 August 1753 – 8 November 1828) was an English wood engraving, wood-engraver and natural history author. Early in his career he took on all kinds of work such as engraving cutlery, making the wood blocks for advertisements, ...
, whom Marmaduke had commissioned to engrave ' The Wild Bull of the Ancient Caledonian Breed, now in the park at Chilingham-Castle, Northumberland', to Wycliffe where he spent two months making drawings from the bird specimens. The museum, known as the Wycliffe Museum, was sold to George Allan of Blackwell Grange, Darlington who set up the contents in his home. The museum remained even after his death in 1800 at the Grange until 1822 when it was purchased by the Newcastle Literary and Philosophical Society, and becoming the "Newcastle Museum."


References

* Mullens and Swann – ''A Bibliography of British Ornithology'' (1917)


See also

* Taxa named by Marmaduke Tunstall


External links

* * * 1743 births 1790 deaths English curators English natural history collectors English ornithologists Fellows of the Royal Society People from the East Riding of Yorkshire Fellows of the Society of Antiquaries of London Scientists from Yorkshire {{UK-ornithologist-stub