Maria Dmitrievna Perveeva (, born 1879) was a Russian teacher and politician. In 1917 she was one of the ten women elected to the

Constituent Assembly A constituent assembly (also known as a constitutional convention, constitutional congress, or constitutional assembly) is a body assembled for the purpose of drafting or revising a constitution. Members of a constituent assembly may be elected b ...

, the country's first female parliamentarians.

Biography

Perveeva was born in

Zadonsk Zadonsk () is a town and the administrative center of Zadonsky District in Lipetsk Oblast, Russia, located on the left bank of the Don River, from which it takes its name, southwest of Lipetsk, the administrative center of the oblast. Population: ...

in 1879.Первеева Мария Дмитриевна
Hrono She trained to be a teacher and became involved in self-education, but was arrested in 1894 and 1901 for her activities. After being arrested again in 1904, she was freed from jail by local peasants. In 1905 she co-founded a group of revolutionaries in

Valuysky District Valuysky District () is an administrative district ( raion), one of the twenty-one in Belgorod Oblast, Russia.Law #248 As a municipal division, it is incorporated as Valuysky Municipal District.Law #159 It is located in the south of the oblast. ...

, which organised illegal meetings. She also joined the

Socialist Revolutionary Party The Socialist Revolutionary Party (SR; ,, ) was a major socialist political party in the late Russian Empire, during both phases of the Russian Revolution, and in early Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, Soviet Russia. The party memb ...

and became a member of the provincial committee in

Voronezh Governorate Voronezh Governorate was an administrative-territorial unit ('' guberniya'') of the Tsardom of Russia, the Russian Empire, and the Russian SFSR, which existed from 1708 (as ''Azov Governorate'') to 1779 and again from 1796 to 1928. Its capital wa ...

. After another arrest, she briefly emigrated, but returned to Russia in 1907. However, she was arrested and sentenced to hard labour, spending ten years in prison in

Irkutsk Irkutsk ( ; rus, Иркутск, p=ɪrˈkutsk; Buryat language, Buryat and , ''Erhüü'', ) is the largest city and administrative center of Irkutsk Oblast, Russia. With a population of 587,891 Irkutsk is the List of cities and towns in Russ ...

. Following the start of the

Russian Revolution The Russian Revolution was a period of Political revolution (Trotskyism), political and social revolution, social change in Russian Empire, Russia, starting in 1917. This period saw Russia Dissolution of the Russian Empire, abolish its mona ...

, in 1917 she was a Socialist-Revolutionary candidate in

Voronezh Voronezh ( ; , ) is a city and the administrative centre of Voronezh Oblast in southwestern Russia straddling the Voronezh River, located from where it flows into the Don River. The city sits on the Southeastern Railway, which connects wes ...

in the

elections, and was one of ten women elected to the legislature.Rochelle Goldberg Ruthchild (2010)
Equality and Revolution
' p235 After the establishment of the

Soviet Union The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR), commonly known as the Soviet Union, was a List of former transcontinental countries#Since 1700, transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 until Dissolution of the Soviet ...

, she became a member of the

Society of Former Political Prisoners and Exiled Settlers The Society of Former Political Prisoners and Exiled Settlers was a public organization in the Soviet Union that worked in 1921–1935. History The society was organized by Pavel Maslov (born 1890), Dmitry Novomirsky, and others. The opening took ...

, and worked in an

artel An artel () was any of several types of cooperative associations of workers in pre-revolutionary Russia. In the Soviet Union, the term was applied to enterprises in the Soviet Union, production cooperatives. They began centuries ago but were espe ...

in Khosta. In 1937 she was sentenced to eight years in a labour camp by the

Krasnodar Krai Krasnodar Krai (, ) is a federal subjects of Russia, federal subject of Russia (a krai), located in the North Caucasus region in Southern Russia and is administratively a part of the Southern Federal District. Its administrative center is the t ...

branch of the

NKVD The People's Commissariat for Internal Affairs (, ), abbreviated as NKVD (; ), was the interior ministry and secret police of the Soviet Union from 1934 to 1946. The agency was formed to succeed the Joint State Political Directorate (OGPU) se ...

; she was rehabilitated in 1963.

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Perveeva, Maria 1879 births People from Zadonsky District Russian revolutionaries Russian Constituent Assembly members 20th-century Russian women politicians Socialist Revolutionary Party politicians Soviet prisoners and detainees Date of death unknown Female revolutionaries 20th-century Russian educators 20th-century Russian women educators