Marcus LolliusHazel, ''Who's Who in the Roman World'', p.171 ( – after 2 BC) was a

Roman Roman or Romans most often refers to: *Rome, the capital city of Italy *Ancient Rome, Roman civilization from 8th century BC to 5th century AD *Roman people, the people of Roman civilization *Epistle to the Romans, shortened to Romans, a letter w ...

politician, military officer and supporter of the first Roman emperor

Augustus Gaius Julius Caesar Augustus (born Gaius Octavius; 23 September 63 BC – 19 August AD 14), also known as Octavian (), was the founder of the Roman Empire, who reigned as the first Roman emperor from 27 BC until his death in A ...

. His granddaughter

Lollia Paulina Lollia Paulina (sometimes written Paullina)Caligula Gaius Caesar Augustus Germanicus (31 August 12 – 24 January 41), also called Gaius and Caligula (), was Roman emperor from AD 37 until his assassination in 41. He was the son of the Roman general Germanicus and Augustus' granddaughter Ag ...

and become empress.

Family background

Lollius was a member of the

plebeian In ancient Rome, the plebeians or plebs were the general body of free Roman citizens who were not patricians, as determined by the census, or in other words "commoners". Both classes were hereditary. Etymology The precise origins of the gro ...

gens Lollia. His father was Marcus Lollius. Little is known of his family and early life. It is likely that he was a ''homo novus'' or a ''new man''Marcus Lollius' article at Livius.org
/ref> of politics in the late

Roman Republic The Roman Republic ( ) was the era of Ancient Rome, classical Roman civilisation beginning with Overthrow of the Roman monarchy, the overthrow of the Roman Kingdom (traditionally dated to 509 BC) and ending in 27 BC with the establis ...

and early Imperial era.

Early political career

Lollius has been assumed to be the "Marcus" referred to in

Appian Appian of Alexandria (; ; ; ) was a Greek historian with Roman citizenship who prospered during the reigns of the Roman Emperors Trajan, Hadrian, and Antoninus Pius. He was born c. 95 in Alexandria. After holding the senior offices in the pr ...

's ''Civil Wars''. Appian recounts that Lollius was a

legate Legate may refer to: People * Bartholomew Legate (1575–1611), English martyr * Julie Anne Legate (born 1972), Canadian linguistics professor * William LeGate (born 1994), American entrepreneur Political and religious offices *Legatus, a hig ...

Marcus Junius Brutus Marcus Junius Brutus (; ; 85 BC – 23 October 42 BC) was a Roman politician, orator, and the most famous of the assassins of Julius Caesar. After being adopted by a relative, he used the name Quintus Servilius Caepio Brutus, which was reta ...

, who after the

Battle of Philippi The Battle of Philippi was the final battle in the Liberators' civil war between the forces of Mark Antony and Octavian (of the Second Triumvirate) and the leaders of Julius Caesar's assassination, Brutus and Cassius, in 42 BC, at Philippi in ...

in 42 BC had been proscribed. Lollius hid himself as a slave and was purchased by a "Barbula" (assumed to be

Quintus Aemilius Lepidus Quintus Aemilius Lepidus (possibly Quintus Aemilius Lepidus Barbula) (fl. 1st century BC) was a Roman Senate of the Roman Republic, senator and military officer who was appointed Roman consul, consul in 21 BC as the colleague of Marcus Lollius. Bio ...

), before his identity was revealed by a friend to Lepidus in Rome. Lepidus went to

Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa (; BC – 12 BC) was a Roman general, statesman and architect who was a close friend, son-in-law and lieutenant to the Roman emperor Augustus. Agrippa is well known for his important military victories, notably the B ...

who interceded on Lepidus' behalf with

Octavian Gaius Julius Caesar Augustus (born Gaius Octavius; 23 September 63 BC – 19 August AD 14), also known as Octavian (), was the founder of the Roman Empire, who reigned as the first Roman emperor from 27 BC until his death in ...

, who then ensured that the name of Lollius was removed from the

proscription Proscription () is, in current usage, a 'decree of condemnation to death or banishment' (''Oxford English Dictionary'') and can be used in a political context to refer to state-approved murder or banishment. The term originated in Ancient Rome ...

lists. Lollius fought in the

Battle of Actium The Battle of Actium was a naval battle fought between Octavian's maritime fleet, led by Marcus Agrippa, and the combined fleets of both Mark Antony and Cleopatra. The battle took place on 2 September 31 BC in the Ionian Sea, near the former R ...

in 31 BC, where Lollius interceded before Octavian on behalf of Lepidus, who had been captured while fighting for

Mark Antony Marcus Antonius (14 January 1 August 30 BC), commonly known in English as Mark Antony, was a Roman people, Roman politician and general who played a critical role in the Crisis of the Roman Republic, transformation of the Roman Republic ...

. As Lollius joined Octavian and as upward Roman mobility depended on patronage, there is a possibility that Lollius and Augustus were close friends before Augustus had eliminated his rivals.

Roman governor of Galatia

Lollius either served in a political position as a

quaestor A quaestor ( , ; ; "investigator") was a public official in ancient Rome. There were various types of quaestors, with the title used to describe greatly different offices at different times. In the Roman Republic, quaestors were elected officia ...

aedile Aedile ( , , from , "temple edifice") was an elected office of the Roman Republic. Based in Rome, the aediles were responsible for maintenance of public buildings () and regulation of public festivals. They also had powers to enforce public orde ...

tribune Tribune () was the title of various elected officials in ancient Rome. The two most important were the Tribune of the Plebs, tribunes of the plebs and the military tribunes. For most of Roman history, a college of ten tribunes of the plebs ac ...

praetor ''Praetor'' ( , ), also ''pretor'', was the title granted by the government of ancient Rome to a man acting in one of two official capacities: (i) the commander of an army, and (ii) as an elected ''magistratus'' (magistrate), assigned to disch ...

before being appointed by Augustus as a provincial governor. His first known office was his governorship of

Galatia Galatia (; , ''Galatía'') was an ancient area in the highlands of central Anatolia, roughly corresponding to the provinces of Ankara and Eskişehir in modern Turkey. Galatia was named after the Gauls from Thrace (cf. Tylis), who settled here ...

Anatolia Anatolia (), also known as Asia Minor, is a peninsula in West Asia that makes up the majority of the land area of Turkey. It is the westernmost protrusion of Asia and is geographically bounded by the Mediterranean Sea to the south, the Aegean ...

in 25 BC. For Augustus to appoint him as a governor, Lollius must have proven himself to be a capable politician. Lollius was the first Roman governor of

.Furneaux, ''Cornelii Taciti Annalium, Libri V, VI, XI, XII: With Introduction and Notes Abridged from the Larger Work'', p.68 Galatia was previously ruled as a kingdom, and their last king, Amyntas, had died. Thereafter, Augustus sent Lollius to Galatia to serve as its governor and to integrate Galatia into the Empire, an important task. Although the mission was difficult and opposed by the local population, Lollius proved himself to be a successful governor there. He was able to train Amyntas' army and incorporate them into the

Roman army The Roman army () served ancient Rome and the Roman people, enduring through the Roman Kingdom (753–509 BC), the Roman Republic (509–27 BC), and the Roman Empire (27 BC–AD 1453), including the Western Roman Empire (collapsed Fall of the W ...

, with the Galatian Legion becoming a part of the

Legio XXII Deiotariana Legio XXII Deiotariana ("Deiotarus' Twenty-Second Legion") was a legion of the Imperial Roman army, founded ca. 48 BC and disbanded or destroyed during the Bar Kokhba revolt of 132–136. Its cognomen comes from Deiotarus, a Celtic king of ...

. He also founded a

colony A colony is a territory subject to a form of foreign rule, which rules the territory and its indigenous peoples separated from the foreign rulers, the colonizer, and their ''metropole'' (or "mother country"). This separated rule was often orga ...

in Galatia which showcased Roman civilization, all without causing any violence to erupt in the province.

Consulship

When Lollius' time as governor had finished, he returned to Rome and was elected

consul Consul (abbrev. ''cos.''; Latin plural ''consules'') was the title of one of the two chief magistrates of the Roman Republic, and subsequently also an important title under the Roman Empire. The title was used in other European city-states thro ...

in 21 BC. He served his consulship alongside his old friend

. His consulship is mentioned in an inscription which he dedicated to himself and Lepidus during that year. The inscription is located on the eastern arch of the southern face of the Pons Fabricius in

Rome Rome (Italian language, Italian and , ) is the capital city and most populated (municipality) of Italy. It is also the administrative centre of the Lazio Regions of Italy, region and of the Metropolitan City of Rome. A special named with 2, ...

.Lansford, ''The Latin Inscriptions of Rome: A Walking Guide'', p.p.456-457 The inscription reads, in

Latin Latin ( or ) is a classical language belonging to the Italic languages, Italic branch of the Indo-European languages. Latin was originally spoken by the Latins (Italic tribe), Latins in Latium (now known as Lazio), the lower Tiber area aroun ...

: : M LOLLIVS M F Q LEPI us m f cS EX S C PROBAVERVNT : "Marcus Lollius, son of Marcus, and Quintus Lepidus, son of Marcus, : "Consuls, approved this in accordance with a decree of the Senate." Lollius and Lepidus had dedicated this inscription as repairs were carried out to the bridge. We know about his consulship from the inscription, that can b
seen here.
Another inscription found near Torino is mentioning Lollius a
consul "sine collega"
Lollius was the first person from the gens Lollia to obtain a consulship.

Remaining political career

In 19/18 BC, Augustus appointed Lollius as a Roman governor again, this time to the province of

Macedonia Macedonia (, , , ), most commonly refers to: * North Macedonia, a country in southeastern Europe, known until 2019 as the Republic of Macedonia * Macedonia (ancient kingdom), a kingdom in Greek antiquity * Macedonia (Greece), a former administr ...

. During his governorship, Lollius defeated a

Thracian The Thracians (; ; ) were an Indo-European speaking people who inhabited large parts of Southeast Europe in ancient history.. "The Thracians were an Indo-European people who occupied the area that today is shared between north-eastern Greece, ...

tribe called the Bersi, as known from a fragmentary inscription found in

Philippi Philippi (; , ''Phílippoi'') was a major Greek city northwest of the nearby island, Thasos. Its original name was Crenides (, ''Krēnĩdes'' "Fountains") after its establishment by Thasian colonists in 360/359 BC. The city was renamed by Phili ...

Greece Greece, officially the Hellenic Republic, is a country in Southeast Europe. Located on the southern tip of the Balkan peninsula, it shares land borders with Albania to the northwest, North Macedonia and Bulgaria to the north, and Turkey to th ...

. In 17/16 BC Lollius was appointed by Augustus as governor of

Gaul Gaul () was a region of Western Europe first clearly described by the Roman people, Romans, encompassing present-day France, Belgium, Luxembourg, and parts of Switzerland, the Netherlands, Germany, and Northern Italy. It covered an area of . Ac ...

. During his governorship, he was responsible for several legions who guarded the

Rhine The Rhine ( ) is one of the List of rivers of Europe, major rivers in Europe. The river begins in the Swiss canton of Graubünden in the southeastern Swiss Alps. It forms part of the Swiss-Liechtenstein border, then part of the Austria–Swit ...

river. His legions were defeated by the Germanic tribes—the

Sicambri The Sicambri or Sugambri were a Germanic people who lived in the area between the Rhine, Lippe, and Wupper rivers, in what is now Germany, near the border with the Netherlands. They were first reported by Julius Caesar, who encountered them in 55 ...

Tencteri The Tencteri or Tenchteri or Tenctheri (in Plutarch's Greek, Tenteritē and possibly the same as the Tenkeroi mentioned by Claudius Ptolemy if these were not the Tungri) were an ancient tribe, who moved into the area on the right bank (the nort ...

and

Usipetes The Usipetes or Usipii (in Plutarch's Greek, Ousipai, and possibly the same as the Ouispoi of Ptolemy) were an ancient Germanic people who entered the written record when they encountered Julius Caesar in 56/55 BC when they attempted to find a new ...

—that had crossed the Rhine. The military defeat that Lollius suffered, known as the '' clades Lolliana'', is coupled by

Suetonius Gaius Suetonius Tranquillus (), commonly referred to as Suetonius ( ; – after AD 122), was a Roman historian who wrote during the early Imperial era of the Roman Empire. His most important surviving work is ''De vita Caesarum'', common ...

with the disaster of

Publius Quinctilius Varus Publius Quinctilius Varus (46 BC or before – September AD 9) was a Roman general and politician. Serving under Augustus, who founded the Roman Empire, he is generally remembered for having lost three Roman legions in the Battle of the Teutob ...

called it disgraceful rather than dangerous.

dispatched his step-son

Tiberius Tiberius Julius Caesar Augustus ( ; 16 November 42 BC – 16 March AD 37) was Roman emperor from AD 14 until 37. He succeeded his stepfather Augustus, the first Roman emperor. Tiberius was born in Rome in 42 BC to Roman politician Tiberius Cl ...

to rectify the situation and to regain the captured standard of the

Legio V Macedonica Legio V Macedonica (the Fifth Macedonian Legion) was a Roman legion. It was established in 43 BC by consul Gaius Vibius Pansa Caetronianus and Augustus, Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus (later known as the Roman Emperor, Emperor Augustus). and ...

. On the arrival of Tiberius, the Germanic tribes retired beyond the Rhine. Although the political and military career of Lollius suffered, and he was never again given command of an army, he remained on friendly terms with Augustus. The Horrea Lolliana was either built by Lollius or his son of the same name. It is known from the inscriptions that refer to them, and also from their plan in the Severan Marble Plan of Rome. It seems that the family of Lollius had extensive trade connections, and his family's name is found among the Italian merchants on the

Greek Greek may refer to: Anything of, from, or related to Greece, a country in Southern Europe: *Greeks, an ethnic group *Greek language, a branch of the Indo-European language family **Proto-Greek language, the assumed last common ancestor of all kno ...

island of

Delos Delos (; ; ''Dêlos'', ''Dâlos''), is a small Greek island near Mykonos, close to the centre of the Cyclades archipelago. Though only in area, it is one of the most important mythological, historical, and archaeological sites in Greece. ...

in the

Hellenistic period In classical antiquity, the Hellenistic period covers the time in Greek history after Classical Greece, between the death of Alexander the Great in 323 BC and the death of Cleopatra VII in 30 BC, which was followed by the ascendancy of the R ...

.Rickman, ''Roman Granaries and Store Buildings'', p. 164 Lollius in 2/1 BC was appointed by Augustus as a tutor to his adopted son and grandson

Gaius Caesar Gaius Caesar (20 BC – 21 February 4 AD) was a grandson and heir to the throne of Roman emperor Augustus, alongside his younger brother Lucius Caesar. Although he was born to Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa and Julia the Elder, Julia, Augustus' only ...

on his mission to the Roman East and to learn about government. Among the officers who escorted them were the historian

Marcus Velleius Paterculus Marcus Velleius Paterculus (; ) was a Roman historian, soldier and senator. His Roman history, written in a highly rhetorical style, covered the period from the end of the Trojan War to AD 30, but is most useful for the period from the death o ...

Roman Senator The Roman Senate () was the highest and Roman constitution, constituting assembly of ancient Rome and its aristocracy. With different powers throughout its existence it lasted from the first days of the Rome, city of Rome (traditionally founded ...

Publius Sulpicius

Quirinius Publius Sulpicius Quirinius (c. 51 BC – AD 21), also translated as Cyrenius, was a Roman aristocrat. After the banishment of the ethnarch Herod Archelaus from the tetrarchy of Judea in AD 6, Quirinius was appointed legate governor of Syria, ...

, and the future Praetorian prefect Lucius Aelius

Sejanus Lucius Aelius Sejanus ( – 18 October AD 31), commonly known as Sejanus (), was a Roman soldier and confidant of the Roman Emperor Tiberius. Of the Equites class by birth, Sejanus rose to power as prefect of the Praetorian Guard, the imperia ...

. When all the men arrived in the Roman East, embassies were sent to Lollius, instead of Gaius Caesar, whom they completely ignored. Lollius' relations with Gaius Caesar started to deteriorate when they visited Tiberius, who was living in voluntary exile on the Greek island of

Rhodes Rhodes (; ) is the largest of the Dodecanese islands of Greece and is their historical capital; it is the List of islands in the Mediterranean#By area, ninth largest island in the Mediterranean Sea. Administratively, the island forms a separ ...

. Lollius had poisoned Gaius Caesar's mind against Tiberius, whom Lollius had hated since 16 BC. Gaius Caesar seems to have insulted his uncle Tiberius, and Lollius was held responsible for the incident. As Lollius and Gaius Caesar continued their tour of the Roman East, they started to quarrel. Lollius fell out of favor with Gaius Caesar,Furneaux, ''Cornelii Taciti Annalium, Libri V, VI, XI, XII: With Introduction and Notes Abridged from the Larger Work'', p.69 as he was accused of receiving bribes from the

Parthia Parthia ( ''Parθava''; ''Parθaw''; ''Pahlaw'') is a historical region located in northeastern Greater Iran. It was conquered and subjugated by the empire of the Medes during the 7th century BC, was incorporated into the subsequent Achaemeni ...

n King,

Phraates "'Phraates'" is the Greek transliteration of Parthian Farhad. Five kings of Parthian Empire The Parthian Empire (), also known as the Arsacid Empire (), was a major Iranian political and cultural power centered in ancient Iran from 247 ...

. As Gaius Caesar denounced Lollius to Augustus, Lollius, depending on the source, either poisoned himself or committed suicide in an unspecified manner to avoid punishment, or else died from natural causes.

Reputation

Lollius amassed a huge fortune that he plundered from the

province A province is an administrative division within a country or sovereign state, state. The term derives from the ancient Roman , which was the major territorial and administrative unit of the Roman Empire, Roman Empire's territorial possessions ou ...

s that he ruled. The historian

Pliny the Elder Gaius Plinius Secundus (AD 23/24 79), known in English as Pliny the Elder ( ), was a Roman Empire, Roman author, Natural history, naturalist, and naval and army commander of the early Roman Empire, and a friend of the Roman emperor, emperor Vesp ...

describes him unfavourably, calling him a hypocrite who cared for nothing but amassing wealth.

describes him as greedy and corrupt, as Paterculus was a partisan of Tiberius. Despite his unfavorable reputation among some, Lollius was favored by others. Lollius was a personal friend of the poet

Horace Quintus Horatius Flaccus (; 8 December 65 BC – 27 November 8 BC), Suetonius, Life of Horace commonly known in the English-speaking world as Horace (), was the leading Roman lyric poet during the time of Augustus (also known as Octavian). Th ...

. Horace called Lollius a reliable man and praised the fact that he was above

avarice Greed (or avarice, ) is an insatiable desire for material gain (be it food, money, land, or animate/inanimate possessions) or social value, such as status or power. Nature of greed The initial motivation for (or purpose of) greed and a ...

, the usual sin of Roman governors. Horace dedicates Ode 4.9, 34-44 to Lollius, addressing him with ambiguous praise. Some years after the death of Lollius, Tiberius criticized him in the

Roman Senate The Roman Senate () was the highest and constituting assembly of ancient Rome and its aristocracy. With different powers throughout its existence it lasted from the first days of the city of Rome (traditionally founded in 753 BC) as the Sena ...

. The huge fortune that Lollius had was later inherited by his granddaughter

Lollia Paulina Lollia Paulina (sometimes written Paullina)Marcus Valerius Messalla Corvinus

Ronald Syme Sir Ronald Syme, (11 March 1903 – 4 September 1989) was a New Zealand-born historian and classicist. He was regarded as the greatest historian of ancient Rome since Theodor Mommsen and the most brilliant exponent of the history of the Roma ...

, ''The Augustan Aristocracy'' (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1986), p. 178 who had married her sister. Messalla's son was later adopted by his mother and aunt's father and renamed Marcus Aurelius Cotta Maximus Messalinus.

Tacitus Publius Cornelius Tacitus, known simply as Tacitus ( , ; – ), was a Roman historian and politician. Tacitus is widely regarded as one of the greatest Roman historians by modern scholars. Tacitus’ two major historical works, ''Annals'' ( ...

(''Annals'' XII.22) states Marcus Aurelius Cotta Maximus Messalinus was great-uncle to

Lollia Paulina Lollia Paulina (sometimes written Paullina)Marcus Lollius * Possible son, Publius Lollius Maximus, who was also known as Lollius MaximusFerry, ''The Epistles of Horace, Book I'', p.xxi

Archaeological evidence

Between 2005 and 2006, professors and archaeologists from the

University of Cologne The University of Cologne () is a university in Cologne, Germany. It was established in 1388. It closed in 1798 before being re-established in 1919. It is now one of the largest universities in Germany with around 45,187 students. The Universit ...

Germany Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a country in Central Europe. It lies between the Baltic Sea and the North Sea to the north and the Alps to the south. Its sixteen States of Germany, constituent states have a total popu ...

, and the

Katholieke Universiteit Leuven KU Leuven (Katholieke Universiteit Leuven) is a Catholic research university in the city of Leuven, Belgium. Founded in 1425, it is the oldest university in Belgium and the oldest university in the Low Countries. In addition to its main camp ...

Belgium Belgium, officially the Kingdom of Belgium, is a country in Northwestern Europe. Situated in a coastal lowland region known as the Low Countries, it is bordered by the Netherlands to the north, Germany to the east, Luxembourg to the southeas ...

, participated in archaeological studies and restorations of Roman antiquities in

Sagalassos Sagalassos (), also known as Selgessos () and Sagallesos (), is an archaeological site in southwestern Turkey, about 100 km north of Antalya (ancient Attaleia) and 30 km from Burdur and Isparta. The ancient ruins of Sagalassos are 7&n ...

Turkey Turkey, officially the Republic of Türkiye, is a country mainly located in Anatolia in West Asia, with a relatively small part called East Thrace in Southeast Europe. It borders the Black Sea to the north; Georgia (country), Georgia, Armen ...

.Archaeology's Interactive Dig – Interactive Dig Sagalassos – Sculptural Studies Report 1: 2006, by Marc Waelkens
/ref>
/ref> Among their various finds was an inscribed cylindrical base for a colossal statue representing Lollius. On the statue base there is an honorific Greek inscription stating, "Marcus Lollius is honored by the demos eople of Sagalassosas their patronus atron" This means Lollius must have brought privileges to the city, perhaps such as intervention in the extension of its territory, solving territorial disputes with neighboring cities or estates, or special contacts with the emperor. Another pair of finds connected with the statue base found at

are two foot fragments that may have belonged to a colossal statue of Lollius from the reign of Augustus. The ancient boots, which are identified as "lion boots" or '' mulleus,'' were embroidered, buckled on the outside and strapped in the inside. These boots were made from leather, in particular from cat skin. These boots symbolized power and were considered royal footwear. These items found are possibly dated to about 1 BC, when Lollius and Gaius Caesar visited the Roman East. As Gaius Caesar at this time was honored in many cities, it seems that Lollius was also an honored personality in this region. The original monument of Lollius was ca. 5 meters tall, and his statue was placed in one of the most important locations in Sagalassos. The remains of Lollius' statue are now on display at

Burdur Burdur is a city in southwestern Turkey. The seat of Burdur Province and of Burdur District,İl Bel ...

Museum in Turkey.

References

Sources

, ''Civil Wars'' * This work in turn cites: **

, ''Augustus'' - 23, ''Tiberius'' – 12 **

ii. 97, 102 **

, ''Annals'', i. 10, iii. 48 ** Pliny, ''Nat. Hist.'' ix. 35 (58) **

Cassius Dio Lucius Cassius Dio (), also known as Dio Cassius ( ), was a Roman historian and senator of maternal Greek origin. He published 80 volumes of the history of ancient Rome, beginning with the arrival of Aeneas in Italy. The volumes documented the ...

, liv. 6.
Lollia Gens article at ancient library

* Horace - Edited by O.A.W Dilke, Horace: Epistles Book I, Taylor & Francis * D. Ferry & Q.H. Flaccus, The Epistles of Horace Book I, CUP Archive, 1937 * Broughton, T. Robert S, The Magistrates of the Roman Republic, Vol II, 1952 * G. Rickman, Roman Granaries and Store Buildings, CUP Archive, 1971 * C. Skidmore, Practical Ethics for Roman Gentlemen: The Works of Valerius Maximus, University of Exeter Press, 1996 * J. Hazel, Who's Who in the Roman World, Routledge, 2001 * T. Lansford, The Latin Inscriptions of Rome: A Walking Guide, JHU Press, 2009 * H. Furneaux & H. Pitman, Cornelii Taciti Annalium, Libri V, VI, XI, XII: With Introduction and Notes Abridged from the Larger Work, Cambridge University Press, 2010 * Velleius Paterculus – Translated with Introduction and Notes by J.C. Yardley & A.A. Barrett, The Roman History, Hackett Publishing, 2011

* ttp://interactive.archaeology.org/sagalassos/field06/sculpture1.html Archaeology’s Interactive Dig – Interactive Dig Sagalassos – Sculptural Studies Report 1: 2006, by Marc Waelkens
Archaeology’s Interactive Dig – Interactive Dig Sagalassos – Recording Report 3: Epigraphical Studies, 2006, by Marc Waelkens
{{DEFAULTSORT:Lollius, Marcus 1st-century BC Romans 1st-century Romans 50s BC births Year of birth uncertain Year of death uncertain Ancient Roman generals Suicides in Ancient Rome Imperial Roman consuls Roman governors of Galatia Roman governors of Gaul Marcus 1st-century Gallo-Roman people People of the War of Actium