Manětín
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Manětín (; ) is a town in
Plzeň-North District Plzeň-North District () is a Okres, district in the Plzeň Region of the Czech Republic. Its capital is the city of Plzeň. The most populated town of the district is Nýřany. Administrative division Plzeň-North District is divided into two Dis ...
in the
Plzeň Region Plzeň Region or Plzeňský Region (also known as Pilsen Region; ) is an Regions of the Czech Republic, administrative unit () of the Czech Republic, located in the western part of the historical land of Bohemia and named after the capital, Plz ...
of the
Czech Republic The Czech Republic, also known as Czechia, and historically known as Bohemia, is a landlocked country in Central Europe. The country is bordered by Austria to the south, Germany to the west, Poland to the northeast, and Slovakia to the south ...
. It has about 1,100 inhabitants. The historic town centre and the centre of Rabštejn nad Střelou are well preserved and both are protected as two urban monument zones.


Administrative division

Manětín consists of 15 municipal parts (in brackets population according to the 2021 census): *Manětín (719) *Brdo (18) *Česká Doubravice (10) *Hrádek (16) *Kotaneč (5) *Lipí (11) *Luková (7) *Mezí (49) *Rabštejn nad Střelou (25) *Radějov (0) *Stvolny (95) *Újezd (32) *Vladměřice (52) *Vysočany (16) *Zhořec (51)


Etymology

The name is derived from the personal name Maňata, meaning "Maňata's (court, stream)".


Geography

Manětín is located about north of
Plzeň Plzeň (), also known in English and German as Pilsen (), is a city in the Czech Republic. It is the Statutory city (Czech Republic), fourth most populous city in the Czech Republic with about 188,000 inhabitants. It is located about west of P ...
. It lies in the
Rakovník Uplands Rakovník (, ) is a town in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 16,000 inhabitants. The historic town centre is well preserved and is protected as an urban monument zone. Administrative division Rakovník consists o ...
. The highest point is the hill Velká Mýť at above sea level. The stream Manětínský potok flows through the town. The
Střela The Střela is a river in the Czech Republic, a left tributary of the Berounka River. It flows through the Karlovy Vary and Central Bohemian regions. It is long, making it the 22nd longest river in the Czech Republic. Etymology The name means ...
River crosses the territory in the northeast and continues along the eastern border.


History

The first written mention of Manětín is from 1169, when King Vladislaus II donated the settlement to the order of
Knights Hospitaller The Order of Knights of the Hospital of Saint John of Jerusalem, commonly known as the Knights Hospitaller (), is a Catholic military order. It was founded in the crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem in the 12th century and had headquarters there ...
. The order had built here a
commandery In the Middle Ages, a commandery (rarely commandry) was the smallest administrative division of the European landed properties of a military order. It was also the name of the house where the knights of the commandery lived.Anthony Luttrell and G ...
, town walls, and a fortress with a monastery. They owned Manětín until 1420, when King
Sigismund Sigismund (variants: Sigmund, Siegmund) is a German proper name, meaning "protection through victory", from Old High German ''sigu'' "victory" + ''munt'' "hand, protection". Tacitus latinises it ''Segimundus''. There appears to be an older form of ...
gave the town to Bohuslav of Švamberk. From a legal point of view, the town belonged to the Knights Hospitaller until 1483, when the Švamberks paid them off. In 1544, the Švamberk family sold Manětín to Volf the Younger Krajíř of Krajek. In 1548, it was acquired by the Schlick family. They replaced the old fortress with a Renaissance castle and greatly expanded the estate. They had to sell the estate in 1617 because of debts. During the
Thirty Years' War The Thirty Years' War, fought primarily in Central Europe between 1618 and 1648, was one of the most destructive conflicts in History of Europe, European history. An estimated 4.5 to 8 million soldiers and civilians died from battle, famine ...
, internal disputes took place in the town and owners changed rapidly. In 1639, Manětín was inherited by the Lažanský family, who held it until 1945. In 1712, a huge fire destroyed half of the town with the castle, church and school. Immediately after the fire, Václav Josef Lažanský had completely rebuilt the castle according to the plans by
Jan Santini Aichel Jan Blažej Santini Aichel, also spelled Aichl (, ; 3 February 1677 – 7 December 1723) was a Czechs, Czech architect of Italians, Italian descent, whose major works are representative of the unique Czech Baroque architecture#Baroque G ...
.


Demographics


Transport

There are no railways or major roads passing through the municipality.


Sights

The most important building is the Manětín Castle. The Baroque building dates from 1712 and since 1945, it is owned by the state. Today the castle is open to the public and offers sightseeing tours. Adjacent to the castle is a Baroque garden and an English park. Next to the castle is the Church of Saint John the Baptist. The church is connected to the castle by a corridor. The original church dates from the 12th century. It was rebuilt in the 14th century and then after the fire in 1712–1717. The valuable church complex includes the rectory, the enclosure wall with two gates, and statues and crosses. Although Rabštejn nad Střelou is not an independent municipality and is an administrative part of Manětín, it is often referred to as a town due to its history and urban character, and is referred to as the smallest town in Europe with about 20 inhabitants. In a small area, there are many monuments: the ruins of the Sychrov Castle from the 14th century, the Baroque castle from 1705, the town fortifications from the first half of the 13th century, the Servite monastery from 1672 with the adjacent Church of Our Lady of Seven Sorrows, a group of folk houses with timber and half-timbered architecture, and a stone bridge.


Notable people

* Josef Antonín Plánický (1691–1732), composer


References


External links

* {{DEFAULTSORT:Manetin Cities and towns in the Czech Republic Populated places in Plzeň-North District