The (Upper) Late

Pennsylvanian Pennsylvanian may refer to: * A person or thing from Pennsylvania * Pennsylvanian (geology) The Pennsylvanian ( , also known as Upper Carboniferous or Late Carboniferous) is, in the International Commission on Stratigraphy, ICS geologic timesca ...

Manakacha Formation is a cliff-forming,

sandstone Sandstone is a clastic sedimentary rock composed mainly of sand-sized (0.0625 to 2 mm) silicate grains. Sandstones comprise about 20–25% of all sedimentary rocks. Most sandstone is composed of quartz or feldspar (both silicates) ...

, red-orange geologic unit, formed from an addition of eolian sand, added to

marine transgression A marine transgression is a geologic event during which sea level rises relative to the land and the shoreline moves toward higher ground, which results in flooding. Transgressions can be caused by the land sinking or by the ocean basins filling ...

deposits, (

siltstone Siltstone, also known as aleurolite, is a clastic sedimentary rock that is composed mostly of silt. It is a form of mudrock with a low clay mineral content, which can be distinguished from shale by its lack of fissility.Blatt ''et al.'' 1980, p ...

s, etc.), and found throughout sections of the

Grand Canyon The Grand Canyon (, yuf-x-yav, Wi:kaʼi:la, , Southern Paiute language: Paxa’uipi, ) is a steep-sided canyon carved by the Colorado River in Arizona, United States. The Grand Canyon is long, up to wide and attains a depth of over a m ...

. It is one of the lower members of the

Supai Group The Supai Group is a slope-forming section of red bed deposits found in the Colorado Plateau. The group was laid down during the Pennsylvanian to Lower Permian. Cliff-forming interbeds of sandstone are noticeable throughout the group. The Su ...

(member two of four major units), with the Supai Group found in other sections of Arizona, especially in the

Verde Valley The Verde Valley ( yuf-x-yav, Matkʼamvaha; es, Valle Verde) is a valley in central Arizona in the United States. The Verde River runs through it. The Verde River is one of Arizona's last free-flowing river systems. It provides crucial habitat ...

region, or as a basement unit below the

Mogollon Rim The Mogollon Rim ( or or ) is a topographical and geological feature cutting across the northern half of the U.S. state of Arizona. It extends approximately , starting in northern Yavapai County and running eastward, ending near the border ...

, just eastwards or part of the basement Supai Group of the southwest & south

Colorado Plateau The Colorado Plateau, also known as the Colorado Plateau Province, is a physiographic and desert region of the Intermontane Plateaus, roughly centered on the Four Corners region of the southwestern United States. This province covers an area of ...

. The Manakacha Formation was laid down (especially in the Grand Canyon). It consists of up to of calcareous sandstone and shaly mudstone. It represents a time when deposition of aeolian sand became more widespread. The Manakacha was deposited at about the same time as the Weber Sandstone was deposited in northeast Utah in

Dinosaur National Monument Dinosaur National Monument is an American national monument located on the southeast flank of the Uinta Mountains on the border between Colorado and Utah at the confluence of the Green and Yampa rivers. Although most of the monument area is in ...

region, northeast of the Uncompahgre Uplift. This was likely during the

Atokan The Bashkirian is in the ICS geologic timescale the lowest stage or oldest age of the Pennsylvanian. The Bashkirian age lasted from to Ma, is preceded by the Serpukhovian and is followed by the Moscovian. The Bashkirian overlaps with the ...

and

Desmoinesian The Moscovian is in the ICS geologic timescale a stage or age in the Pennsylvanian, the youngest subsystem of the Carboniferous. The Moscovian age lasted from to Ma, is preceded by the Bashkirian and is followed by the Kasimovian. The Moscovi ...

Ages Ages may refer to: *Advanced glycation end-products, known as AGEs *Ages, Kentucky, census-designated place, United States * ''Ages'' (album) by German electronic musician Edgar Froese *The geologic time scale, a system of chronological measuremen ...

of the Pennsylvianian.

Geologic sequence

The geologic sequences of the coeval Supai and Hermosa Groups. * Supai Group ** 4 –

Esplanade Sandstone The Lower Permian Esplanade Sandstone is a cliff-forming, resistant sandstone, dark red, geologic unit found in the Grand Canyon. The rock unit forms a resistant shelf in the west Grand Canyon, south side of the Colorado River, at the east of t ...

** 3 – Wescogame Formation ** 2 – Manakacha Formation ** 1 – Watahomigi Formation *

Hermosa Group The Hermosa Group is a group of geologic formations in Utah and Colorado. It preserves fossils dating back to the Carboniferous period. See also * List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Utah * Paleontology in Utah The location of the st ...

, named for Hermosa Cliffs, north of

Durango, Colorado Durango is a home rule municipality that is the county seat and the most populous municipality of La Plata County, Colorado, United States. The city population was 19,071 at the 2020 United States Census. Durango is the home of Fort Lewis Coll ...

** 3 –

Honaker Trail Formation The Honaker Trail Formation is a geologic formation in Utah. It preserves fossils dating back to the Carboniferous period. It is a member of the 3-member Hermosa Group and is located above the Paradox Formation in the dramatic site of Goose ...

** 2 –

Paradox Formation In geology, the Paradox Formation Is a Pennsylvanian age formation which consists of abundant evaporites with lesser interbedded shale, sandstone, and limestone. The evaporites are largely composed of gypsum, anhydrite, and halite. The formation ...

** 1 –

Pinkerton Trail Formation The Pinkerton Trail Formation is a geologic formation that is found in the Four Corners region of the United States. It contains fossils characteristic of the Atokan and Desmoinesian Ages of the Pennsylvanian. Description The Pinkerton Trai ...

The Supai Group members were created from marine sequences of

, and regression which produced alternating

, and

conglomerate Conglomerate or conglomeration may refer to: * Conglomerate (company) * Conglomerate (geology) * Conglomerate (mathematics) In popular culture: * The Conglomerate (American group), a production crew and musical group founded by Busta Rhymes ** Co ...

subsections. The subsections are sometimes separated by

unconformities An unconformity is a buried erosional or non-depositional surface separating two rock masses or strata of different ages, indicating that sediment deposition was not continuous. In general, the older layer was exposed to erosion for an interval o ...

, due to changing ocean levels, glaciation, or regional

subsidence Subsidence is a general term for downward vertical movement of the Earth's surface, which can be caused by both natural processes and human activities. Subsidence involves little or no horizontal movement, which distinguishes it from slope move ...

. The ancient off-shore Antler Mountains supplied material from the west of the ancestral West Coast. The North American continent supplied material from the east. Three other basins were formed at the same time: the

Paradox Basin The Paradox Basin is an asymmetric foreland basin located mostly in southeast Utah and southwest Colorado, but extending into northeast Arizona and northwest New Mexico. The basin is a large elongate northwest to southeast oriented depression for ...

of eastern Utah, the Central Colorado Basin in Colorado, and the

Oquirrh Basin Oquirrh is a census-designated place (CDP) in Salt Lake County, Utah, located on the slopes of the Oquirrh Mountains that gave it its name. Oquirrh was once part of Kearns, UT. Through annexation, the city of West Jordan cut Oquirrh off from Kear ...

in northwest Utah. Because

s cover distances, over time, the

coeval {{Short pages monitor