;

Species In biology, a species is the basic unit of Taxonomy (biology), classification and a taxonomic rank of an organism, as well as a unit of biodiversity. A species is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of ...

Macaca mulatta The rhesus macaque (''Macaca mulatta''), colloquially rhesus monkey, is a species of Old World monkey. There are between six and nine recognised subspecies that are split between two groups, the Chinese-derived and the Indian-derived. Generally b ...

;Family:

Cercopithecidae Old World monkey is the common English name for a family of primates known taxonomically as the Cercopithecidae (). Twenty-four genera and 138 species are recognized, making it the largest primate family. Old World monkey genera include baboons ...

; Order:

Primates Primates are a diverse order of mammals. They are divided into the strepsirrhines, which include the lemurs, galagos, and lorisids, and the haplorhines, which include the tarsiers and the simians (monkeys and apes, the latter includin ...

;

Gestation Gestation is the period of development during the carrying of an embryo, and later fetus, inside viviparous animals (the embryo develops within the parent). It is typical for mammals, but also occurs for some non-mammals. Mammals during preg ...

: 165 days Dates in days {, class="wikitable" , - ! Day ! Event ! Reference , - , 30 ,

retinal ganglion cell A retinal ganglion cell (RGC) is a type of neuron located near the inner surface (the ganglion cell layer) of the retina of the eye. It receives visual information from photoreceptors via two intermediate neuron types: bipolar cells and reti ...

generation - start of

neurogenesis Neurogenesis is the process by which nervous system cells, the neurons, are produced by neural stem cells (NSCs). It occurs in all species of animals except the porifera (sponges) and placozoans. Types of NSCs include neuroepithelial cells (NECs ...

, Robinson and Dreher (1990) , - , 30 , magnocellular basal forebrain - peak of neurogenesis , Finlay and Darlington (1995) , - , 30 , superficial superior collicus (SC) laminae - start of neurogenesis , Robinson and Dreher (1990) , - , 30 , raphe complex - peak of neurogenesis , Finlay and Darlington (1995) , - , 32 ,

locus coeruleus The locus coeruleus () (LC), also spelled locus caeruleus or locus ceruleus, is a nucleus in the pons of the brainstem involved with physiological responses to stress and panic. It is a part of the reticular activating system. The locus coer ...

- peak of neurogenesis , Finlay and Darlington (1995) , - , 35 ,

posterior commissure The posterior commissure (also known as the epithalamic commissure) is a rounded band of white fibers crossing the middle line on the dorsal aspect of the rostral end of the cerebral aqueduct. It is important in the bilateral pupillary light refle ...

appears , Ashwell et al. (1996) , - , 35.5 ,

medial forebrain bundle The medial forebrain bundle (MFB), is a neural pathway containing fibers from the basal olfactory regions, the periamygdaloid region and the septal nuclei, as well as fibers from brainstem regions, including the ventral tegmental area and nigrost ...

appears , Ashwell et al. (1996) , - , 36 , dorsal

lateral geniculate nucleus In neuroanatomy, the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN; also called the lateral geniculate body or lateral geniculate complex) is a structure in the thalamus and a key component of the mammalian visual pathway. It is a small, ovoid, ventral proj ...

(dLGN)- start of neurogenesis , Robinson and Dreher (1990) , - , 36 , optic axons at chiasm of optic tract , Dunlop et al. (1997) , - , 38 ,

deep cerebellar nuclei The cerebellum has four deep cerebellar nuclei embedded in the white matter in its center. 4 pairs of nuclei are embedded deep in the medullary centre, in the medial to lateral direction. They are fastigial nuclei, globose nuclei, emboliform nucl ...

- peak of neurogenesis , Finlay and Darlington (1995) , - , 38 ,

amygdala The amygdala (; plural: amygdalae or amygdalas; also '; Latin from Greek, , ', 'almond', 'tonsil') is one of two almond-shaped clusters of nuclei located deep and medially within the temporal lobes of the brain's cerebrum in complex v ...

- peak of neurogenesis , Finlay and Darlington (1995) , - , 39 ,

Purkinje cells Purkinje cells, or Purkinje neurons, are a class of GABAergic inhibitory neurons located in the cerebellum. They are named after their discoverer, Czech anatomist Jan Evangelista Purkyně, who characterized the cells in 1839. Structure Th ...

- peak of neurogenesis , Finlay and Darlington (1995) , - , 39 ,

substantia nigra The substantia nigra (SN) is a basal ganglia structure located in the midbrain that plays an important role in reward and movement. ''Substantia nigra'' is Latin for "black substance", reflecting the fact that parts of the substantia nigra a ...

- peak of neurogenesis , Finlay and Darlington (1995) , - , 39.5 ,

subplate The subplate, also called the subplate zone, together with the marginal zone and the cortical plate, in the fetus represents the developmental anlage of the mammalian cerebral cortex. It was first described, as a separate transient fetal zon ...

- start of neurogenesis , Robinson and Dreher (1990) , - , 39.5 , subplate -start of neurogenesis , Robinson and Dreher (1990) , - , 40 ,

internal capsule The internal capsule is a white matter structure situated in the inferomedial part of each cerebral hemisphere of the brain. It carries information past the basal ganglia, separating the caudate nucleus and the thalamus from the putamen and the g ...

appears , Ashwell et al. (1996) , - , 40 ,

external capsule The external capsule is a series of white matter fiber tracts in the brain. These fibers run between the most lateral (toward the side of the head) segment of the lentiform nucleus (more specifically the putamen) and the claustrum. The white matte ...

appears , Ashwell et al. (1996) , - , 40 , fasciculus retroflexus appears , Ashwell et al. (1996) , - , 40 , retinal

horizontal cells Horizontal cells are the laterally interconnecting neurons having cell bodies in the inner nuclear layer of the retina of vertebrate eyes. They help integrate and regulate the input from multiple photoreceptor cells. Among their functions, hor ...

- peak of neurogenesis , Finlay and Darlington (1995) , - , 41 ,

superior colliculus In neuroanatomy, the superior colliculus () is a structure lying on the roof of the mammalian midbrain. In non-mammalian vertebrates, the homologous structure is known as the optic tectum, or optic lobe. The adjective form '' tectal'' is commo ...

- peak of neurogenesis , Finlay and Darlington (1995) , - , 43 , subplate - peak of neurogenesis , Finlay and Darlington (1995) , - , 43 , dLGN -peak of neurogenesis , Finlay and Darlington (1995) , - , 43 , dLGN- end of neurogenesis , Robinson and Dreher (1990) , - , 43 , retinal ganglion cells - peak of neurogenesis , Finlay and Darlington (1995) , - , 43 ,

inferior colliculus The inferior colliculus (IC) (Latin for ''lower hill'') is the principal midbrain nucleus of the auditory pathway and receives input from several peripheral brainstem nuclei in the auditory pathway, as well as inputs from the auditory cortex. T ...

- peak of neurogenesis , Finlay and Darlington (1995) , - , 45 , neurogenesis cortical layer VI - start (VC) of neurogenesis , Robinson and Dreher (1990) , - , 45 ,

septal nuclei The septal area (medial olfactory area), consisting of the lateral septum and medial septum, is an area in the lower, posterior part of the medial surface of the frontal lobe, and refers to the nearby septum pellucidum. The septal nuclei are loc ...

- peak of neurogenesis , Finlay and Darlington (1995) , - , 45 , caudoputamen – peak of neurogenesis , Finlay and Darlington (1995) , - , 45 ,

nucleus accumbens The nucleus accumbens (NAc or NAcc; also known as the accumbens nucleus, or formerly as the ''nucleus accumbens septi'', Latin for "nucleus adjacent to the septum") is a region in the basal forebrain rostral to the preoptic area of the hypot ...

- peak of neurogenesis , Finlay and Darlington (1995) , - , 48 ,

stria medullaris The stria medullaris is a part of the epithalamus. It is a fiber bundle containing afferent fibers from the septal nuclei, lateral preoptico- hypothalamic region, and anterior thalamic nuclei to the habenula In neuroanatomy, habenula (diminutive ...

thalami appears , Ashwell et al. (1996) , - , 48 , subplate - end of neurogenesis , Robinson and Dreher (1990) , - , 48 ,

entorhinal cortex The entorhinal cortex (EC) is an area of the brain's allocortex, located in the medial temporal lobe, whose functions include being a widespread network hub for memory, navigation, and the perception of time.Integrating time from experience in ...

- peak of neurogenesis , Finlay and Darlington (1995) , - , 48 ,

subiculum The subiculum (Latin for "support") is the most inferior component of the hippocampal formation. It lies between the entorhinal cortex and the CA1 subfield of the hippocampus proper. The subicular complex comprises a set of related structures ...

– peak of neurogenesis , Finlay and Darlington (1995) , - , 48 ,

parasubiculum In the rodent, the parasubiculum is a retrohippocampal isocortical structure, and a major component of the subicular complex. It receives numerous subcortical and cortical inputs, and sends major projections to the superficial layers of the ento ...

– peak of neurogenesis , Finlay and Darlington (1995) , - , 48 ,

fornix Fornix (plural ''fornices'', Latin for "arch") can refer to: *''Fornix'' or ''throat scale'', a bowed prolongation of the corolla Corolla may refer to: *Corolla (botany), the petals of a flower, considered as a unit *Toyota Corolla, an automobile ...

appears , Ashwell et al. (1996) , - , 48 , presubiculum – peak of neurogenesis , Finlay and Darlington (1995) , - , 48 ,

dentate gyrus The dentate gyrus (DG) is part of the hippocampal formation in the temporal lobe of the brain, which also includes the hippocampus and the subiculum. The dentate gyrus is part of the hippocampal trisynaptic circuit and is thought to contribute ...

hippocampus The hippocampus (via Latin from Greek , ' seahorse') is a major component of the brain of humans and other vertebrates. Humans and other mammals have two hippocampi, one in each side of the brain. The hippocampus is part of the limbic system, ...

- peak of neurogenesis , Finlay and Darlington (1995) , - , 48 ,

anterior commissure The anterior commissure (also known as the precommissure) is a white matter tract (a bundle of axons) connecting the two temporal lobes of the cerebral hemispheres across the midline, and placed in front of the columns of the fornix. In most exist ...

appears , Ashwell et al. (1996) , - , 48 , CA 1, CA 2 of

- peak of neurogenesis , Finlay and Darlington (1995) , - , 53 , neurogenesis cortical layer VI - peak (VC) of neurogenesis , Finlay and Darlington (1995) , - , 56 , superficial SC laminae - end of neurogenesis , Robinson and Dreher (1990) , - , 56 , cones - peak of neurogenesis , Finlay and Darlington (1995) , - , 56 , retinal amacrine cells - peak of neurogenesis , Finlay and Darlington (1995) , - , 57 , retinal ganglion cell generation - end of neurogenesis , Robinson and Dreher (1990) , - , 58.5 , neurogenesis cortical layer V - start (VC) of neurogenesis , Robinson and Dreher (1990) , - , 65 , neurogenesis cortical lamina VI - end (VC) of neurogenesis , Robinson and Dreher (1990) , - , 67 , cortical axons reach dLGN , Robinson and Dreher (1990) , - , 69 , optic nerve axon number - peak of neurogenesis , Robinson and Dreher (1990) , - , 70 , neurogenesis cortical layer V - peak (VC) of neurogenesis , Finlay and Darlington (1995) , - , 70 , neurogenesis cortical lamina IV - start (VC) of neurogenesis , Robinson and Dreher (1990) , - , 75 , neurogenesis cortical layer V - end (VC) of neurogenesis , Robinson and Dreher (1990) , - , 78 , LGN axons in subplate , Robinson and Dreher (1990) , - , 80 , neurogenesis cortical layer IV - peak (VC) of neurogenesis , Finlay and Darlington (1995) , - , 81.5 , cortical axons innervate dLGN , Robinson and Dreher (1990) , - , 85 , neurogenesis cortical layer IV - end (VC) of neurogenesis , Robinson and Dreher (1990) , - , 85 , rods - peak of neurogenesis , Finlay and Darlington (1995) , - , 85 , retinal bipolar cells - peak of neurogenesis , Finlay and Darlington (1995) , - , 85.5 , neurogenesis cortical layer II/III - start (VC) of neurogenesis , Rakic (1974) , - , 86 , superficial SC - start of lamination , Robinson and Dreher (1990) , - , 87 , ipsi/contra segregation in LGN and SC , Robinson and Dreher (1990) , - , 90 , neurogenesis cortical layer II /III - peak (VC) of neurogenesis , Finlay and Darlington (1995) , - , 91 , LGN axons in cortical layer IV , Robinson and Dreher (1990) , - , 96 , adult-like cortical innervation of dLGN , Robinson and Dreher (1990) , - , 96 , visual cortical axons in SC , Robinson and Dreher (1990) , - , 100 , neurogenesis cortical layer II/III - end (VC) of neurogenesis , Rakic (1974) , - , 110 , rapid axon loss in optic nerve ends , Robinson and Dreher (1990) , - , 123 ,

eye Eyes are organs of the visual system. They provide living organisms with vision, the ability to receive and process visual detail, as well as enabling several photo response functions that are independent of vision. Eyes detect light and conv ...

opening , Ashwell et al. (1996);
Dunlop et al. (1997);
Robinson and Dreher (1990)

References

*Ashwell, K.W., Waite, P.M. and Marotte, L., 1996. Ontogeny of the projection tracts and commissural fibres in the forebrain of the tammar wallaby (Macropus eugenii): timing in comparison with other mammals. Brain Behav. Evol. 47, pp. 8–22. *Clancy, B., Kersh, B., Hyde, J., Darlington, R.B., Anand, K.J.S., Finlay, B.L., 2007. Web-Based Method For Translating Neurodevelopment From Laboratory Species To Humans. Neuroinformatics. 5, pp. 79-94. *Dunlop, S.A., Tee, L.B., Lund, R.D. and Beazley, L.D., 1997. Development of primary visual projections occurs entirely postnatally in the fat-tailed dunnart, a marsupial mouse, Sminthopsis crassicaudata. J. Comp. Neurol. 384, pp. 26–40. *Finlay, B.L. and Darlington, R.B., 1995. Linked regularities in the development and evolution of mammalian brains. Science 268, pp. 1578–1584. *Rakic, P., 1974. Neurons in rhesus monkey visual cortex: systematic relation between time of origin and eventual disposition. Science 183, pp. 425–427. *Robinson, S.R. and Dreher, B., 1990. The visual pathways of eutherian mammals and marsupials develop according to a common timetable. Brain Behav. Evol. 36, pp. 177–195.

References

See also