Ma'anyan (colonial spelling Maanjan or Meanjan), Dayak Maanyan or Eastern Barito Dayak people are an ethnic group of the

Dayak people The Dayak (; older spelling: Dajak) or Dyak or Dayuh are the native groups of Borneo. It is a loose term for over 200 riverine and hill-dwelling ethnic groups, located principally in the central and southern interior of Borneo, each with its ...

indigenous to

Borneo Borneo () is the List of islands by area, third-largest island in the world, with an area of , and population of 23,053,723 (2020 national censuses). Situated at the geographic centre of Maritime Southeast Asia, it is one of the Greater Sunda ...

. They are also considered as part of the east Barito Dusun group with the name Dusun Ma'anyan. According to J. Mallinckrodt (1927), the Dusun people group is part of the Ot Danum people cluster, although later that theory was disproved by A. B. Hudson (1967), who argues that the Ma'anyan people are a branch of the Barito family. The Ma'anyan people who are often referred to as

are also referred to as Dayak Ma'anyan. The Dayak Ma'anyan people inhabit the east side of

Central Kalimantan Central Kalimantan () is a provinces of Indonesia, province of Indonesia. It is one of five provinces in Kalimantan, the Indonesian part of Borneo. It is the largest province in Indonesia by area since 2022, bordered by West Kalimantan to the west ...

, especially in the East Barito Regency and parts of South Barito Regency which are grouped as Ma'anyan I. The Dayak Ma'anyan people also inhabit the northern parts of

South Kalimantan South Kalimantan () is a Provinces of Indonesia, province of Indonesia. It is the second most populous province on the island of Kalimantan, the Indonesian territory of the island of Borneo after West Kalimantan. The provincial capital was Banjar ...

, especially in

Tabalong Regency Tabalong Regency is the northernmost regency in the Indonesian province of South Kalimantan, on Borneo Island. It was created on 14 July 1965 by splitting off the former northern districts of North Hulu Sungai Regency. It has a land area of ...

which refers to the Dayak Warukin people. The

Dayak Balangan people Dayak may refer to: * Dayak people, an ethnic group native to the interior of Borneo island in Indonesia and Malaysia * Dayak language * Land Dayak languages * A creature in the science fiction film ''Immortal'' (2004 film) * Troy Dayak (born 197 ...

or Dusun Balangan people which are found in the

Balangan Regency Balangan Regency is one of the regencies in the Indonesian province of South Kalimantan. It was created on 25 February 2003 from what were previously the eastern districts of North Hulu Sungai Regency. It now covers an area of 1,828.51 km2, and ...

and the

Dayak Samihim people Dayak may refer to: * Dayak people, an ethnic group native to the interior of Borneo island in Indonesia and Malaysia * Dayak language * Land Dayak languages * A creature in the science fiction film ''Immortal'' (2004 film) * Troy Dayak (born 197 ...

that are found in the

Kotabaru Regency Kotabaru Regency is one of the eleven regencies in the Indonesian province of South Kalimantan. It consists of two parts; the smaller (2,375.44 km2) but more populated insular part comprises Laut Island ("Sea Island"), the largest island off the ...

are grouped together with the Dayak Ma'anyan people group. The Dayak Ma'anyan people in South Kalimantan are grouped as Ma'anyan II. Administratively, the Ma'anyan people have just recently appeared in the 2000 census and made up 2.8% of the Central Kalimantan population; previously the Ma'anyan people were grouped together with the Dayak people in the 1930 census. The uniqueness of the Dusun Ma'anyan people among others are agriculture, elaborate funeral ceremonies, and having shaman to treat their disease.

History

The independent state of Nansarunai, established by the Ma'anyan prior to the 12th century, flourished in southern Kalimantan. The kingdom suffered two major attacks from the

Majapahit Majapahit (; (eastern and central dialect) or (western dialect)), also known as Wilwatikta (; ), was a Javanese people, Javanese Hinduism, Hindu-Buddhism, Buddhist thalassocracy, thalassocratic empire in Southeast Asia based on the island o ...

forces that caused the decline and fall of the kingdom by the year 1389; the attacks are known as ''Nansarunai Usak Jawa'' (meaning "the destruction of the Nansarunai by the Javanese") in the oral accounts of the Ma'anyan people. These attacks contributed to the migration of the Ma'anyans to the Central and South Borneo region. Rumah Betang Muara Bagok

Ma'anyan people (or other indigenous people of Kalimantan closely related to the Ma'anyans) were brought as labourer and slaves by Malay and Javanese in their trading fleets, which reached Madagascar by ca. 50–500 AD. The Malagasy language originated from the Southeast Barito language, and the Ma'anyan language is its closest relative, with numerous Malay and Javanese loanwords. In the oral literature of the Ma'anyan people, after the Nan Sarunai kingdom was attacked by the

Majapahit kingdom Majapahit (; (eastern and central dialect) or (western dialect)), also known as Wilwatikta (; ), was a Javanese Hindu-Buddhist thalassocratic empire in Southeast Asia based on the island of Java (in modern-day Indonesia). At its greatest ...

, the Ma'anyan people broke up into several sub-group. Among the sub-groups, they are:- * Ma'anyan Paku * Ma'anyan Paju Epat/Ampat or Ma'anyan Siong * Ma'anyan Dayu Lasi Muda * Ma'anyan Paju Sapuluh of Kampung Sapuluh (had Banjarese influence) * Ma'anyan Banua Lima or Paju Dime (had Banjarese influence) ** Ma'anyan Warukin (had Banjarese influence) ** Ma'anyan Jangkung (extinct and had Banjarese influence) According to the Ma'anyan people, before they had begun occupying the current regions, they came from the downstream of

. Although today the East Barito Regency is not part of the

province, that region in the past was the last region to be a part of the

Banjar sultanate The Sultanate of Banjar () was a nation-state of the Banjar people, Banjar in the form of a sultanate, Islamic sultanate in Borneo which was founded in 1526 and existed until its dissolution in 1860 by the colonial government of the Dutch East ...

before it was annexed to the

Dutch Indies The Dutch East Indies, also known as the Netherlands East Indies (; ), was a Dutch colony with territory mostly comprising the modern state of Indonesia, which declared independence on 17 August 1945. Following the Indonesian War of Independe ...

in 1860. It was a region of the

that had shrunk and was land-locked as it was surrounded by other

territories.

Culture

Language

The Ma'anyan language shares many similarities with the languages in

Madagascar Madagascar, officially the Republic of Madagascar, is an island country that includes the island of Madagascar and numerous smaller peripheral islands. Lying off the southeastern coast of Africa, it is the world's List of islands by area, f ...

. Examples of Ma'anyan words are:-

Organization

The organization of the Ma'anyan people is "Dusmala" which combines three

sub-group which are

Dusun people Dusun is the collective name of an indigenous ethnic group to the Malaysian state of Sabah of North Borneo. Collectively, they form the largest ethnic group in Sabah. The Dusun people have been internationally recognised as indigenous to Bor ...

, Ma'anyan people and

Lawangan people Lawangan or Luangan people are an ethnic group of the Dayak Dusun people (East Barito) group, sometimes also referred to as Dusun Lawangan or Dayak Lawangan. The Lawangan people inhabit the eastern side of Central Kalimantan and West Kutai Regen ...

Traditional folk song

Tumpi Wayu

Tataku Balinga

Miheput

Ngano

Traditional dance

Tari Giring-Giring

Traditional ceremony

* Aruh Buntang

Food

* Bagamat, a giant bat meat gravy cooked with garlic and various vegetables. * Kalumpe or Karuang by the

Ngaju people The Ngaju people (also Ngaju Dayak or Dayak Ngaju or Biaju) are an indigenous ethnic group of Borneo from the Dayak people, Dayak group. In a census from 2000, when they were first listed as a separate ethnic group, they made up 18.02% of the po ...

, a pounded

Cassava ''Manihot esculenta'', common name, commonly called cassava, manioc, or yuca (among numerous regional names), is a woody shrub of the spurge family, Euphorbiaceae, native to South America, from Brazil, Paraguay and parts of the Andes. Although ...

leaf salad mixed with eggplant, lemongrass, onion and garlic.

Ma'anyan people in Tabalong Regency and Balangan Regency in South Kalimantan

The Dayak Ma'anyan Warukin people whom are often referred as Dayak Warukin people are the sub-ethnic of the Ma'anyan people group living in villages such as Warukin, Haus and its surrounding in

. The settlements of the Dayak Warukin are found in regions where its surroundings are Banjarese settlements. The Dayak Warukin in Warukin village in Tanta District,

are part of the Ma'anyan Banua Lima people. The Ma'anyan Banua Lima people are a sub-ethnic of the Ma'anyan people found in Banua Lima, East Barito Regency. The original name of the people was Ma'anyan Paju Lima. The word "Banua" (literally means, continent) came from the

Banjar language The Banjar or Banjarese (; , Jawi: ) is an Austronesian language of the Malayic branch predominantly spoken by the Banjarese—an indigenous ethnic group native to Banjar regions— in the southeastern Kalimantan of Indonesia. The Banja ...

. The funeral ceremony of the Dayak Warukin people according to the

Kaharingan ''Kaharingan'' is an Native Indonesians, indigenous Animism, animistic folk religion of the Dayak people such as Katingan people, Katingan, Lawangan people, Lawangan, Ma'anyan people, Ma'anyan, Ngaju people, Ngaju, Ot Danum people, Ot Danum peopl ...

religion is called ''mambatur'', or ''marabia'' for the Ma'anyan Banua Lima people. The similarities of the Ma'anyan Warukin language with the

of Kuala Lupak are about 50%. While the similarities of the Ma'anyan Warukin language with the

of Asam-Asam village are about 57%. There are four regions of Dayak culture in

, where one of its region is of Dayak Ma'anyan culture, namely:- * Cultural region of Dayak Ma'anyan in Warukin village. * Cultural region of Dayak Deyah of Kampung Sapuluh, which covers ten villages in Upau, Haruai and Bintang Ara districts. * Cultural region of Dayak Deyah of Muara Uya and Jaro. * Cultural region of Dayak Lawangan of Binjai village. Outside of the four Dayak cultural regions in

, there are also

Banjar people The Banjar or Banjarese () are an Austronesian peoples, Austronesian ethnic group native to the Banjar Region, Banjar regions (notably Banjarmasin, Banjarbaru, Banjar Regency, etc.) in the South Kalimantan, southeastern Kalimantan regions of In ...

who form as the majority of the

population and these

are not bound by Dayak customary laws.

References

External links

Asal usul Suku Maanyan
*
Kamus Bahasa Maanyan - Bahasa Inggris
*

* ttp://epress.anu.edu.au/austronesians/austronesians/mobile_devices/ch04.html Borneo as a Cross-Roads for Comparative Austronesian Linguistics by Alexander Adelaar
Sejarah Singkat Maanyan

* ttp://bahasamaanyan.blogspot.com/2008/08/orang-merina-madagaskar-di-afrika.html Orang Merina Madagaskar di Afrika Berasal dari Suku Dayak atau Bugis {{Authority control Dayak ethnic groups Ethnic groups in Indonesia