Multichannel Speaking Automaton (MUSA) was an early prototype of

Speech Synthesis Speech synthesis is the artificial production of human speech. A computer system used for this purpose is called a speech synthesizer, and can be implemented in software or hardware products. A text-to-speech (TTS) system converts normal langua ...

machine started in 1975.

Description

It consisted of a stand-alone computer hardware and a specialized software that implemented a

diphone In phonetics, a diphone is an adjacent pair of phones in an utterance. For example, in aɪfəʊn the diphones are a ɪ �f ə �ʊ �n The term is usually used to refer to a recording of the transition between two phones. In the following ...

-synthesis technology. It was one of the first real-time TTS systems. It was able to read Italian in intellegibile robotic voice and also to sing managing up to 8 synthesis channels in parallel thanks to

Linear predictive coding Linear predictive coding (LPC) is a method used mostly in audio signal processing and speech processing for representing the spectral envelope of a digital signal of speech in compressed form, using the information of a linear predictive model ...

technology. In 1978 it was released, after the building of a working prototype, a 45" rpm audio disk containing some trial content of such synthesis, including the song ''" Fra Martino Campanaro"'' in "

a cappella Music performed a cappella ( , , ; ), less commonly spelled acapella in English, is music performed by a singer or a singing group without instrumental accompaniment. The term ''a cappella'' was originally intended to differentiate between Rena ...

" (multiple voices) style, attached to some commercial reviews. The experiment was conducted by

CSELT Telecom Italia Lab S.p.A. (formerly Centro Studi e Laboratori Telecomunicazioni S.p.A.; CSELT) is an Italian research center for telecommunication based in Torino, the biggest in Italy and one of the most important in Europe. It played a major r ...

Turin Turin ( , ; ; , then ) is a city and an important business and cultural centre in northern Italy. It is the capital city of Piedmont and of the Metropolitan City of Turin, and was the first Italian capital from 1861 to 1865. The city is main ...

Italy Italy, officially the Italian Republic, is a country in Southern Europe, Southern and Western Europe, Western Europe. It consists of Italian Peninsula, a peninsula that extends into the Mediterranean Sea, with the Alps on its northern land b ...

and was led by Giulio Modena.

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* * {{cite web , url= https://www.w3.org/2006/Talks/0607-loquendo-speech/Baggia_Trento_2006_sml.pdf, title= W3C: Speech Technologies and Standards - DIT Seminars, Povo, Trento., last= Baggia, first= Paolo, date= 2006, website= W3C, publisher= , access-date= June 22, 2022, language=it Applications of artificial intelligence Computational linguistics History of human–computer interaction

Description

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