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Lower Bavaria (german: Niederbayern, Bavarian: ''Niedabayern'') is one of the seven
administrative region Administrative division, administrative unit,Article 3(1). country subdivision, administrative region, subnational entity, constituent state, as well as many similar terms, are generic names for geographical areas into which a particular, ind ...
s of
Bavaria Bavaria ( ; ), officially the Free State of Bavaria (german: Freistaat Bayern, link=no ), is a state in the south-east of Germany. With an area of , Bavaria is the largest German state by land area, comprising roughly a fifth of the total l ...
,
Germany Germany,, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a country in Central Europe. It is the second most populous country in Europe after Russia, and the most populous member state of the European Union. Germany is situated betwee ...
, located in the east of the state.


Geography

Lower Bavaria is subdivided into two regions () – Landshut and Donau-Wald. Recent
election An election is a formal group decision-making process by which a population chooses an individual or multiple individuals to hold public office. Elections have been the usual mechanism by which modern representative democracy has operat ...
results mark it as the most conservative part of Germany, generally giving huge margins to the
CSU CSU may refer to: * Channel service unit, a Wide area network equivalent of a network interface card * Chari Aviation Services, Chad, by ICAO airline code * Christian Social Union (UK), an Anglican social gospel organisation * Christian Social ...
. This part of Bavaria includes the Bavarian Forest, a well-known tourist destination in Germany, and the Lower Bavarian Upland. ''Landkreise''
(districts) # Deggendorf # Dingolfing-Landau # Freyung-Grafenau #
Kelheim Kelheim () is a town and municipality in Bavaria, Germany. It is the capital of the district Kelheim and is situated at the confluence of the rivers Altmühl and Danube. Kelheim has a population of around 16,750 (2020). History Kelheim is ...
# Landshut # Passau # Regen #
Rottal-Inn Rottal-Inn is a ''Landkreis'' (district) in the southeastern part of Bavaria, Germany. Neighboring districts are (from the south clockwise) Altötting, Mühldorf, Landshut, Dingolfing-Landau and Passau. To the southeast is the Austrian state Uppe ...
# Straubing-Bogen ''Kreisfreie Städte''
(district-free towns) # Landshut # Passau # Straubing


Population


Economy

The Gross domestic product (GDP) of the region was 48.5 billion € in 2018, accounting for 1.4% of German economic output. GDP per capita adjusted for purchasing power was 36,100 € or 120% of the EU27 average in the same year. The GDP per employee was 100% of the EU average.


Main sights

Next to the former ducal residences Landshut and Straubing and the baroque episcopal city of Passau, the city of Kelheim with the Befreiungshalle and Weltenburg Abbey belong to the major tourist attractions. To the scenic attractions belong the River
Danube The Danube ( ; ) is a river that was once a long-standing frontier of the Roman Empire and today connects 10 European countries, running through their territories or being a border. Originating in Germany, the Danube flows southeast for , pa ...
including the Donaudurchbruch at Weltenburg and the Bavarian Forest with Mount Großer Arber.


History

The Duchy of Lower Bavaria was created for the first time with the ''First Bavarian partition'' in 1255 under duke Henry but there was no exact identity with the current territory. After the reunification in 1340, Bavaria was divided again in 1349, then in 1353 Bavaria-Straubing and Bavaria-Landshut were created in Lower Bavaria. In 1505 Bavaria was permanently reunited. For administrative purposes, Bavaria was split into ''Rentämter'' (plural of '). Lower Bavaria consisted of the Rentamt Landshut and Rentamt Straubing. Control of Lower Bavaria was one of the issues involved in the War of the Bavarian Succession in 1778-9.Swafford, Jan, "Mozart: The Reign of Love", Harpercollins, 2020. After the founding of the
Kingdom of Bavaria The Kingdom of Bavaria (german: Königreich Bayern; ; spelled ''Baiern'' until 1825) was a German state that succeeded the former Electorate of Bavaria in 1805 and continued to exist until 1918. With the unification of Germany into the German ...
following the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire in 1805, the state was totally reorganized and, in 1808, divided into 15 administrative districts(German: Regierungsbezirke (singular Regierungsbezirk)), in Bavaria called Kreise (singular: Kreis). They were created in the fashion of the French departements, quite even in size and population, and named after their main rivers. In the following years, due to territorial changes (e. g. loss of Tyrol o_Italy_and_Austria.html"_;"title="Italy.html"_;"title="o_Italy">o_Italy_and_Austria">Italy.html"_;"title="o_ o_Italy_and_Austria.html"_;"title="Italy">o_Italy_and_Austria.html"_;"title="Italy.html"_;"title="o_Italy">o_Italy_and_Austria">Italy.html"_;"title="o_Italy">o_Italy_and_Austria">Italy">o_Italy_and_Austria.html"_;"title="Italy.html"_;"title="o_Italy">o_Italy_and_Austria">Italy.html"_;"title="o_Italy">o_Italy_and_Austria_addition_of_the_Palatinate_(region).html" ;"title="Italy">o_Italy_and_Austria.html" ;"title="Italy">o_Italy_and_Austria.html" ;"title="Italy.html" ;"title="o Italy">o Italy and Austria">Italy.html" ;"title="o Italy">o Italy and Austria">Italy">o_Italy_and_Austria.html" ;"title="Italy.html" ;"title="o Italy">o Italy and Austria">Italy.html" ;"title="o Italy">o Italy and Austria addition of the Palatinate (region)">Palatinate), the number of districts was reduced to 8. One of these was the Unterdonaukreis (Lower Danube District). In 1837, King Ludwig I of Bavaria renamed the Kreise after historical territorial names and tribes. This also involved border changes or territorial swaps. Thus the Unterdonaukreis changed to Lower Bavaria. The district capital was moved from Passau to Landshut which was added from Isarkreis. Lower Bavaria and
Upper Palatinate The Upper Palatinate (german: Oberpfalz, , ) is one of the seven administrative districts of Bavaria, Germany, and is located in the east of Bavaria. Geography The Upper Palatinate is a landscape with low mountains and numerous ponds and lak ...
were consolidated in 1932 in one administrative district. In 1954 the two districts were restored again. In 1972 Lower Bavaria was reshaped when the rural districts covered were reshaped too.


References


External links


Official website of government

Official website of region
{{Authority control NUTS 2 statistical regions of the European Union Government regions of Germany