Johannes Paulus Lotsy or Jan Paulus Lotsy (11 April 1867 – 17 November 1931) was a Dutch

botanist Botany, also called , plant biology or phytology, is the science of plant life and a branch of biology. A botanist, plant scientist or phytologist is a scientist who specialises in this field. The term "botany" comes from the Ancient Greek wo ...

, specializing in

evolution Evolution is change in the heritable characteristics of biological populations over successive generations. These characteristics are the expressions of genes, which are passed on from parent to offspring during reproduction. Variation ...

and

heredity Heredity, also called inheritance or biological inheritance, is the passing on of traits from parents to their offspring; either through asexual reproduction or sexual reproduction, the offspring cells or organisms acquire the genetic informa ...

. He promoted the idea of evolution being driven by hybridization.

Career

Lotsy was born into a wealthy family in

Dordrecht Dordrecht (), historically known in English as Dordt (still colloquially used in Dutch, ) or Dort, is a city and municipality in the Western Netherlands, located in the province of South Holland. It is the province's fifth-largest city after ...

and went to study at the Wageningen Agricultural College where his teachers included

Martinus Beijerinck Martinus Willem Beijerinck (, 16 March 1851 – 1 January 1931) was a Dutch microbiologist and botanist who was one of the founders of virology and environmental microbiology. He is credited with the discovery of viruses, which he called "'' ...

and then at the

Göttingen University Göttingen (, , ; nds, Chöttingen) is a university city in Lower Saxony, central Germany, the capital of the eponymous district. The River Leine runs through it. At the end of 2019, the population was 118,911. General information The ori ...

(1886-1890) where he studied lichens for his doctorate. He then went to

Johns Hopkins University Johns Hopkins University (Johns Hopkins, Hopkins, or JHU) is a private research university in Baltimore, Maryland. Founded in 1876, Johns Hopkins is the oldest research university in the United States and in the western hemisphere. It consi ...

(1891–1895) as a lecturer and also served as director of the

herbarium A herbarium (plural: herbaria) is a collection of preserved plant specimens and associated data used for scientific study. The specimens may be whole plants or plant parts; these will usually be in dried form mounted on a sheet of paper (calle ...

. From 1896 to 1900 he was sent to

Java Java (; id, Jawa, ; jv, ꦗꦮ; su, ) is one of the Greater Sunda Islands in Indonesia. It is bordered by the Indian Ocean to the south and the Java Sea to the north. With a population of 151.6 million people, Java is the world's mo ...

to work on cinchona research. He returned after suffering from malaria and then taught at

Leiden University Leiden University (abbreviated as ''LEI''; nl, Universiteit Leiden) is a public research university in Leiden, Netherlands. The university was founded as a Protestant university in 1575 by William, Prince of Orange, as a reward to the city o ...

(1904-1909), as a lecturer in Systematic Botany. He became director of the State Herbarium ( Rijksherbarium) 1906–1909, then Secretary of the Hollandsche Maatschappij van Wetenschappen. Lotsy founded the Association internationale des Botanistes and was editor of the ''Botanisches Centralblatt'' and the ''Progressus rei botanicae''. He proposed a system of plant classification, based on phylogenetics. Lotsy argued for a major role of

hybridization Hybridization (or hybridisation) may refer to: *Hybridization (biology), the process of combining different varieties of organisms to create a hybrid *Orbital hybridization, in chemistry, the mixing of atomic orbitals into new hybrid orbitals *Nu ...

in evolution including claims for human evolution. Lotsy died at

Voorburg Voorburg is a town and former municipality in the west part of the province of South Holland, Netherlands. Together with Leidschendam and Stompwijk, it makes up the municipality Leidschendam-Voorburg. It has a population of about 39,000 peopl ...

following a surgery.

Travels

India (1895–1900), the United States (1922), Australia and New Zealand (1925), South Africa (1926–27), and Egypt (1930). He also studied the flora of Italy and Switzerland.

Publications

* 1928. ''Voyages of exploration to judge of the bearing of hybridization upon evolution (Genetica : nederlandsch tijdschrift voor erfelijheids- en afstammingsleer)''. Ed. M. Nijhoff * 1922a. ''Van den Atlantischen Oceaan naar de Stille Zuidzee'' * 1922b. ''A popular account of evolution''. The Cawthron institute, Nelson, Nueva Zelanda. Cawthron lecture. Ed. R.W. Stiles & Co. 22 pp. * 1915. ''Het Tegenwoordige Standpunt der Evolutie-leer * 1911. ''Série IIIA. Sciences exactes. 1–4. Rédigées par J. P. Lotsy * 1906a. ''Résultats scientifiques du Congrès international de botanique, Vienne, 1905. Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse des Internationalen botanischen Kongresses, Wien, 1905 ... Redigiert von J. P. Lotsy ... Mit ... 1 Karte, etc * 1906b. ''Vorlesungen über Deszendenztheorien, mit besonderer Berücksichtigung der botanischen Seite der Frage, gehalten an der Reichsuniversität zu Leiden, etc. * 1899. ''Rhopalocnemis Phalloides Jungh: A morphological-systematical study''. Ed. E.J. Brill * 1898. ''Contributions to the life-history of the genus Gnetum''. Ed. E.J. Brill * 1894. ''A contribution to the investigation of the assimilation of free atmospheric nitrogen by white and black mustard''. Bulletin / U.S. Department of Agriculture, Office of Experiment Stations. G.P.O. 19 pp.

Books

* 2008. ''Evolution By Means Of Hybridization''. Reeditado Maudsley Press. 176 pp. * 1928. ''A Popular Account of Evolution '' * 1925. ''Evolution considered in the light of Hybridization''. Ed. Canterbury College by Andrews, Baty & Co. 66 pp. * 1916
''Evolution by Means of Hybridization''
The Hague, Martinus Nijhoff, 166 pp. * 1907–1911. ''Vorträge über botanische Stammesgeschichte gehalten an der Reichsuniversität zu Leiden. Ein Lehrbuch der Pflanzensystematik. In drei Bände''. Jena, Verlag von Gustav Fischer. With illustrations. ** I
Algen und Pilze
(Thallophyta) Jena: Gustav Fischer, 1907. ** II

** III.

System

Lotsy argued that the

monocotyledons Monocotyledons (), commonly referred to as monocots, ( Lilianae '' sensu'' Chase & Reveal) are grass and grass-like flowering plants (angiosperms), the seeds of which typically contain only one embryonic leaf, or cotyledon. They constitute one of ...

were diphyletic, with the Spadiciflorae being derived from the

dicotyledons The dicotyledons, also known as dicots (or, more rarely, dicotyls), are one of the two groups into which all the flowering plants (angiosperms) were formerly divided. The name refers to one of the typical characteristics of the group: namely, ...

(specifically

Piperales Piperales is an order of flowering plants (4,170 recognized species). It necessarily includes the family Piperaceae but other taxa have been included or disincluded variously over time. Well-known plants which may be included in this order inclu ...

) and the remainder from a hypothetical ancestor, the Proranales. Hutchinson, who argued for a

monophyletic In cladistics for a group of organisms, monophyly is the condition of being a clade—that is, a group of taxa composed only of a common ancestor (or more precisely an ancestral population) and all of its lineal descendants. Monophyletic gr ...

origin, considered this improbable.

Synopsis

''Vorträge über botanische Stammesgeschichte'' * Volume 3: Cormophyta Siphonogamia Part 1 ** Monocotyledons vol 3(1) p. 514–564, 625–864 *** Spadiciflorae p. 514–564 ****

Araceae The Araceae are a family of monocotyledonous flowering plants in which flowers are borne on a type of inflorescence called a spadix. The spadix is usually accompanied by, and sometimes partially enclosed in, a spathe (or leaf-like bract). A ...

****

Lemnaceae Lemnoideae is a subfamily of flowering aquatic plants, known as duckweeds, water lentils, or water lenses. They float on or just beneath the surface of still or slow-moving bodies of fresh water and wetlands. Also known as bayroot, they arose fr ...

**** Cyclanthaceae **** Palmaceae ****

Pandanaceae Pandanaceae is a family of flowering plants native to the tropics and subtropics of the Old World, from West Africa through the Pacific. It contains 982 known species in five genera, of which the type genus, ''Pandanus'', is the most important ...

****

Sparganiaceae Sparganiaceae is a family of flowering plants. Such a family was previously recognized by most taxonomists. The APG II system, of 2003 (unchanged from the APG system, 1998), also recognizes this family, and assigns it to the order Poales in the c ...

**** Typhaceae **** Alismataceae **** Butomaceae ****

Hydrocharitaceae Hydrocharitaceae is a flowering plant family including 16 known genera with a total of ca 135 known species (Christenhusz & Byng 2016), that including a number of species of aquatic plant, for instance the tape-grasses, the well known Canadian ...

**** Scheuchzeriaceae **** Zosteraceae **** Posidoniaceae **** Aponogetonaceae ****

Potamogetonaceae The Potamogetonaceae, commonly referred to as the pondweed family, is an aquatic family of monocotyledonous flowering plants. The roughly 110 known species are divided over six genera. The largest genus in the family by far is ''Potamogeton'', w ...

**** Najadaceae **** Altheniaceae **** Cymodoceaceae **** Triuridaceae *** Enantioblastae p. 693-714 ****

Commelinaceae Commelinaceae is a family of flowering plants. In less formal contexts, the group is referred to as the dayflower family or spiderwort family. It is one of five families in the order Commelinales and by far the largest of these with about 731 kno ...

**** Mayacaceae ****

Xyridaceae The Xyridaceae are a family of flowering plants. This family has been recognized by many taxonomists and is known as the yellow-eyed grass family. The APG II system, of 2003 (unchanged from the APG system of 1998), also recognizes this family, ...

****

Eriocaulaceae The Eriocaulaceae are a family of monocotyledonous flowering plants in the order Poales, commonly known as the pipewort family. The family is large, with about 1207 known species described in seven genera. They are widely distributed, with the ce ...

**** Centrolepidaceae ****

Restionaceae The Restionaceae, also called restiads and restios, are a family of flowering plants native to the Southern Hemisphere; they vary from a few centimeters to 3 meters in height. Following the APG IV (2016): the family now includes the former famil ...

**** Pontederiaceae *** Liliifloren p. 715–766, 792–834 ****

Liliaceae The lily family, Liliaceae, consists of about 15 genera and 610 species of flowering plants within the order Liliales. They are monocotyledonous, perennial, herbaceous, often bulbous geophytes. Plants in this family have evolved with a fair ...

714 ****

Melanthiaceae Melanthiaceae, also called the bunchflower family, is a family of flowering herbaceous perennial plants native to the Northern Hemisphere. Along with many other lilioid monocots, early authors considered members of this family to belong to t ...

717 **** Asphodelaceae 722 **** Aloinaceae 725 **** Eriospermaceae 730 ****

Johnsoniaceae Hemerocallidoideae is the a subfamily of flowering plants, part of the family Asphodelaceae '' sensu lato'' in the monocot order Asparagales according to the APG system of 2016. Earlier classification systems treated the group as a separate f ...

731 **** Agapanthaceae 732 ****

Alliaceae Allioideae is a subfamily of monocot flowering plants in the family Amaryllidaceae, order Asparagales. It was formerly treated as a separate family, Alliaceae. The subfamily name is derived from the generic name of the type genus, '' Allium'' ...

**** Gilliesiaceae 734 ****

Tulipaceae The Tulipeae (syn. Tulipoideae) Duby is a tribe of monocotyledon perennial, herbaceous mainly bulbous flowering plants in the Liliaceae (lily) family. As originally conceived by Duby (1828), "Tulipaceae" was a tribe within Liliaceae, consistin ...

735 **** Scillaceae 741 ****

Asparagaceae Asparagaceae, known as the asparagus family, is a family of flowering plants, placed in the order Asparagales of the monocots. The family name is based on the edible garden asparagus, '' Asparagus officinalis''. Those who live in the temperate ...

743 **** Dracaenaceae 749 ****

Smilaceae Smilacaceae, the greenbriers, is a family of flowering plants. While they were often assigned to a more broadly defined family Liliaceae, most recent botanists have accepted the two as distinct families, diverging around 55 million years ago du ...

759 ****

Luzuriagaceae Luzuriagaceae is a family of flowering plants that was recognized in the 1998 APG system and the 2003 APG II system. The 2009 APG III system merged this small family into the Alstroemeriaceae in the order Liliales, in the clade monocots Monoc ...

760 **** Ophiopogonaceae **** Lomandraceae 761 ****

Dasypogonaceae Dasypogonaceae is a family of flowering plants, one that has not been commonly recognized by taxonomists; the plants it contains were usually included in the family Xanthorrhoeaceae. If valid, Dasypogonaceae includes four genera with 16 species ...

763 ****

Calectasiaceae Dasypogonaceae is a family of flowering plants, one that has not been commonly recognized by taxonomists; the plants it contains were usually included in the family Xanthorrhoeaceae. If valid, Dasypogonaceae includes four genera with 16 species ...

764 ****

Juncaceae Juncaceae is a family of flowering plants, commonly known as the rush family. It consists of 8 genera and about 464 known species of slow-growing, rhizomatous, herbaceous monocotyledonous plants that may superficially resemble grasses and s ...

****

Flagellariaceae ''Flagellaria'' is the sole genus in the flowering plant family Flagellariaceae with only five species.Wepfer, P. H., & Linder, H. P. (2014). The taxonomy of Flagellaria (Flagellariaceae). Australian Systematic Botany, 27(3), 159-179. https://dx. ...

765 ****

Stemonaceae The Stemonaceae are a family of monocotyledonous flowering plants placed in the order Pandanales. The family consists of four genera with ca 37 known species distributed in areas with seasonal climate across Southeast Asia and tropical Australia ...

(Roxburghiaceae) 792 ****

Cyanastraceae Tecophilaeaceae is a family of flowering plants, placed in the order Asparagales of the monocots. It consists of nine genera with a total of 27 species. The family has only recently been recognized by taxonomists. The APG IV system of 2016 (unc ...

793 ****

Iridaceae Iridaceae is a family of plants in order Asparagales, taking its name from the irises, meaning rainbow, referring to its many colours. There are 66 accepted genera with a total of c. 2244 species worldwide (Christenhusz & Byng 2016). It inclu ...

794 *****

Crocoideae Crocoideae is one of the major subfamilies in the family Iridaceae. It contains plants which are widely distributed in the Old World, mainly in Africa, but there are species like some members of the genera '' Romulea'' and ''Gladiolus'' which are ...

***** Iridoideae 796 *****

Ixioideae Crocoideae is one of the major subfamilies in the family Iridaceae. It contains plants which are widely distributed in the Old World, mainly in Africa, but there are species like some members of the genera '' Romulea'' and '' Gladiolus'' which ar ...

799 ****

Haemodoraceae Haemodoraceae is a family of perennial herbaceous flowering plants with 14 genera and 102 known species. It is sometimes known as the "bloodwort family". Primarily a Southern Hemisphere family, they are found in South Africa, Australia and N ...

800 ****

Amaryllidaceae The Amaryllidaceae are a family of herbaceous, mainly perennial and bulbous (rarely rhizomatous) flowering plants in the monocot order Asparagales. The family takes its name from the genus '' Amaryllis'' and is commonly known as the amaryllis f ...

801, 811 **** Hypoxidaceae **** Vellosiaceae 802 ****

Agavaceae Agavoideae is a subfamily of monocot flowering plants in the family Asparagaceae, order Asparagales. It has previously been treated as a separate family, Agavaceae. The group includes many well-known desert and dry-zone types, such as the agav ...

806 ****

Bromeliaceae The Bromeliaceae (the bromeliads) are a family of monocot flowering plants of about 80 genera and 3700 known species, native mainly to the tropical Americas, with several species found in the American subtropics and one in tropical west Africa, ...

814 **** Dioscoreaceae 823 **** Taccaceae 826 **** Burmanniaceen 829 *** Glumifloren p. 767–791 ****

Cyperaceae The Cyperaceae are a family of graminoid (grass-like), monocotyledonous flowering plants known as sedges. The family is large, with some 5,500 known species described in about 90 genera, the largest being the "true sedges" genus '' Carex'' ...

****

Graminaceae Poaceae () or Gramineae () is a large and nearly ubiquitous family of monocotyledonous flowering plants commonly known as grasses. It includes the cereal grasses, bamboos and the grasses of natural grassland and species cultivated in lawns ...

*** Scitamineae p. 835–864 ****

Musaceae Musaceae is a family of flowering plants composed of three genera with about 91 known species, placed in the order Zingiberales. The family is native to the tropics of Africa and Asia. The plants have a large herbaceous growth habit with leaves ...

**** Cannaceae ****

Zingiberaceae Zingiberaceae () or the ginger family is a family of flowering plants made up of about 50 genera with a total of about 1600 known species of aromatic perennial herbs with creeping horizontal or tuberous rhizomes distributed throughout tropical Af ...

****

Marantaceae The Marantaceae are a family, the arrowroot family, of flowering plants consisting of 31 genera and around 530 species, defining it as one of the most species-rich families in its order.Kennedy, H. (2000). “Diversification in pollination mech ...

****

Orchidaceae Orchids are plants that belong to the family Orchidaceae (), a diverse and widespread group of flowering plants with blooms that are often colourful and fragrant. Along with the Asteraceae, they are one of the two largest families of flowerin ...

** Index p. 952

References

Bibliography

*
Volume 2
at

Internet Archive The Internet Archive is an American digital library with the stated mission of "universal access to all knowledge". It provides free public access to collections of digitized materials, including websites, software applications/games, music, ...

*
''Nature'' obituary

External links

1867 births 1931 deaths Scientists from Dordrecht Dutch botanists {{netherlands-botanist-stub

Career

Travels

Publications

Books

System

Synopsis

See also

References

Bibliography

External links