The Lord Warden of the Marches was an office in the governments of

Scotland Scotland (, ) is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. Covering the northern third of the island of Great Britain, mainland Scotland has a border with England to the southeast and is otherwise surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean to ...

and

England England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Wales to its west and Scotland to its north. The Irish Sea lies northwest and the Celtic Sea to the southwest. It is separated from continental Europe ...

. The holders were responsible for the security of the border between the two nations, and often took part in military action. They were also responsible, along with 'Conservators of the truce', for administering the special type of border law known as

March law March law or marcher law is a system of legal compromises formerly in use in the border regions of England. Specifically, it may refer to: * March law (Anglo-Irish border) * March law (Anglo-Scottish border) *March law (Anglo-Welsh border) See al ...

. The Marches on both sides of the border were traditionally split into West, Middle and East, each with their own warden answerable to the Lord Warden-general. The English Western March was based on Carlisle and the Eastern March on

Berwick-upon-Tweed Berwick-upon-Tweed (), sometimes known as Berwick-on-Tweed or simply Berwick, is a town and civil parish in Northumberland, England, south of the Anglo-Scottish border, and the northernmost town in England. The 2011 United Kingdom census re ...

. The offices became unnecessary after the union of the crowns of England and Scotland under King James in 1603.

For England

Warden of the Marches

* Robert de Clifford (1297–) (died 1314) * John de Warenne, 7th Earl of Surrey (1327–) * Henry de Percy, 2nd Baron Percy (1328–) * Ralph Neville, 2nd Baron Neville de Raby and Henry de Percy, 2nd Baron Percy (1334–) (jointly) * Gilbert Welton and Thomas Lucy (1336–) (jointly) *

Henry de Percy, 3rd Baron Percy Henry Percy, 3rd Baron Percy of Alnwick (c. 1321–1368), was the eldest son of Henry de Percy, 2nd Baron Percy (1301–1352), and his wife, Idoine de Clifford (Idonea in Latin and also in English), daughter of Robert de Clifford, 1st Baron de ...

(1352–) *

(1356–) (died 1368) * Henry Percy, 4th Baron Percy (1368–) * Thomas Appleby,

Roger de Clifford, 5th Baron de Clifford Roger de Clifford, 5th Baron de Clifford, ninth Lord Clifford, fifth Baron of Westmoreland (10 July 1333 – 13 July 1389), was the son of Robert de Clifford, 3rd Baron de Clifford (d. 20 May 1344), second son of Robert de Clifford, 1st Baron de ...

and others (1370–) (jointly)

Lord Warden of the Marches

– the first holder of this office (1377–) * Henry Percy, 3rd Earl of Northumberland (1439–) * Richard, Duke of Gloucester (1482–) * Thomas Dacre, 2nd Baron Dacre (1495–) * Arthur, Prince of Wales (1498–1502?) died 1502 * Thomas Dacre, 2nd Baron Dacre (1509–1525) * Henry FitzRoy, 1st Duke of Richmond and Somerset (1525–) * Henry Percy, 6th Earl of Northumberland (1527–) * Henry Grey, Marquis of Dorset (April 1551 – September 1551) * John Dudley, 1st Duke of Northumberland, Warden-general of the Scottish Marches (1551–) * Henry Carey, 1st Baron Hunsdon Lord Warden-general (1589–) *

Robert Carey, 1st Earl of Monmouth Robert Carey, 1st Earl of Monmouth (ca. 1560 – 12 April 1639) (or "Cary") was an English nobleman and courtier. He was the youngest son of Henry Carey, 1st Baron Hunsdon, chamberlain and first cousin of Queen Elizabeth I, and Anne Morgan, dau ...

(1596–1598)

Warden of the Eastern March

Henry Percy, 1st Earl of Northumberland Henry Percy, 1st Earl of Northumberland, 4th Baron Percy, titular King of Mann, KG, Lord Marshal (10 November 134120 February 1408) was the son of Henry de Percy, 3rd Baron Percy, and a descendant of Henry III of England. His mother was M ...

(1367–) (jointly) *

Gilbert de Umfraville Gilbert de Umfraville (died 1245) was a 13th-century English baron. Gilbert was the eldest son of Richard de Umfraville, Lord of Redesdale. He succeeded his father as Lord of Redesdale and Baron Prudhoe from November 1226 at his seat of Prudhoe ...

(1369–) (jointly) * Thomas Percy, 1st Earl of Worcester (1377) (jointly) * John Neville, 3rd Baron Neville de Raby (1381) (jointly) * John Neville, 3rd Baron Neville de Raby (1386) (died 1388) * Thomas Mowbray, 1st Duke of Norfolk (1389–) *

Henry Hotspur Percy Sir Henry Percy (20 May 1364 – 21 July 1403), nicknamed Hotspur, was an English knight who fought in several campaigns against the Scots in the northern border and against the French during the Hundred Years' War. The nickname "Hots ...

(1396–) killed, Shrewsbury, 1403 * Edward of Norwich, 2nd Duke of York (1398–) * Ralph de Neville, 1st Earl of Westmorland (1403) * John of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Bedford (1403–1414) * Edward of Norwich, 2nd Duke of York (1414–1415) * Richard Grey, 4th Baron Grey of Codnor (1415–?1418) * Henry Percy, 2nd Earl of Northumberland (1417–1434) * Richard Neville, 5th Earl of Salisbury (1434–1435) * Henry Percy, 2nd Earl of Northumberland (1435–) *

John de Mowbray, 3rd Duke of Norfolk John Mowbray, 3rd Duke of Norfolk, KG, Earl Marshal (12 September 14156 November 1461) was a fifteenth-century English magnate who, despite having a relatively short political career, played a significant role in the early years of the Wars of ...

(1437) * Sir Robert Ogle (1438) (jointly) * Sir Ralph Grey (1438) (jointly) * Henry Percy, 3rd Earl of Northumberland (1439–) * Richard Neville, 16th Earl of Warwick (1461) *

John Neville, 1st Marquess of Montagu John Neville, 1st Marquess of Montagu (c. 1431 – 14 April 1471) was a major magnate of fifteenth-century England. He was a younger son of Richard Neville, 5th Earl of Salisbury, and the younger brother of Richard Neville, Earl of Warwi ...

(1463–1470) * Henry Percy, 4th Earl of Northumberland(1471–1485) assassinated 1489 * Henry Percy, 5th Earl of Northumberland (1503–) *

Thomas Darcy, 1st Baron Darcy de Darcy Thomas Darcy, 1st Baron Darcy of Darcy or of Temple Hurst, ( 1467 – 30 June 1537) was an English nobleman, the only son, and heir, of Sir William Darcy (1443 – 30 May 1488) and his wife, Euphemia Langton, the daughter of Sir John Langton. Dar ...

(1505–1511) * Henry Percy, 6th Earl of Northumberland (1527–) *

William Eure, 1st Baron Eure William Eure, 1st Baron Eure (c.1483–1548) of Witton was an English knight and soldier active on the Anglo-Scottish border. Henry VIII of England made him Baron Eure by patent in 1544. The surname is often written as "Evers". William was Gove ...

, (1539–1548) * William Grey, 13th Baron Grey de Wilton (1547–) * Sir Robert Bowes (1548–1551) *

John Conyers, 3rd Baron Conyers John Conyers, 3rd Baron Conyers (c. 1524 – 13 June 1557) was a British peer and military administrator. Biography Conyers was born the son of Christopher Conyers, 2nd Baron Conyers circa 1524. He was knighted in 1544. In 1551 he was made Wa ...

(1553–) (died 1557) * Thomas Percy, 7th Earl of Northumberland (1557–) * Sir Ralph Sadler (1559) * William Grey, 13th Baron Grey de Wilton (1559–) * Francis Russell, 2nd Earl of Bedford (1564–1567) * Henry Carey, 1st Baron Hunsdon (1568–?1596) * Robert Carey (1597–1597) * Peregrine Bertie, 13th Baron Willoughby de Eresby (1598-)

Warden of the Middle March

* Sir William Lilburn (13th Century)''Pedigrees recorded at the visitations of the county palatine of Durham made by William Flower, Norroy king-of-arms, in 1575, by Richard St. George, Norroy king-of-arms, in 1615, and by William Dugdale, Norroy king-of-arms, in 1666''. Allen County Public Library Genealogy Center. London, Priv. print. for J. Foster. 1887. * Henry Percy, 2nd Earl of Northumberland (1417–1434) * Thomas Dacre, 2nd Baron Dacre (1509–) *

(1511–) *Sir Ralph Eure (1544–1545) * Sir Robert Bowes (1545–1551) *

Thomas Wharton, 1st Baron Wharton Sir Thomas Wharton, 1st Baron Wharton (1495 – 23 August 1568) was an English nobleman and a follower of King Henry VIII of England. He is best known for his victory at Solway Moss on 24 November 1542 for which he was given a barony. Early life ...

(1556) * Thomas Percy, 7th Earl of Northumberland (1557–) * William Grey, 13th Baron Grey de Wilton (1559–) *

Sir John Forster Sir John Forster (c.1520–1602) was an English military commander and Warden of the Middle Marches. Life Born about 1520, he was son of Sir Thomas Forster (d. 1527) of Etherston, Northumberland, marshal of Berwick, and his wife Dorothy, daughte ...

(1560–1595) * William Eure, 2nd Baron Eure (1595) * Ralph Eure, 3rd Baron Eure (1595) *

(1596–1598)

Warden of the Western March

Andrew Harclay, 1st Earl of Carlisle Andrew Harclay, 1st Earl of Carlisle (c. 1270 – 3 March 1323), alternatively Andreas de Harcla, was an important English military leader in the borderlands with Scotland during the reign of Edward II. Coming from a knightly family in Wes ...

(1319–) (executed 1323) *Thomas Lucy (1346) (jointly) *

Ralph Dacre, 3rd Baron Dacre Ralph Dacre, 3rd Baron Dacre (died 1375) was an English noble and clergyman. He was the third son of Ralph Dacre, 1st Baron Dacre and his wife Margaret de Multon, 2nd Baroness Multon of Gilsland, with two older brothers (William and Thomas) and ...

(1366–1371) *

Henry Scrope, 1st Baron Scrope of Masham Henry le Scrope, 1st Baron Scrope of Masham ('' c.'' 1312 – 31 July 1392) was an English soldier and administrator. Biography Scrope was the eldest son of Geoffrey le Scrope and his first wife, Ivetta. He succeeded his father in 1341. In early ...

(1370–1371) *

(1372) (died 1375) *

Hugh Dacre, 4th Baron Dacre Hugh Dacre, 4th Baron Dacre (1335–1383) was an English nobleman. He was born in 1335, the youngest son of Ralph Dacre, 1st Baron Dacre and his wife Margaret de Multon, 2nd Baroness Multon of Gilsland. His two older brothers preceded him ...

(1379–1382) *

(1384–) and

(1384–) (jointly) * Thomas de Clifford, 6th Baron de Clifford (1386–) (jointly) * Ralph de Neville, 1st Earl of Westmorland (1386–) (jointly) *

John Beaumont, 4th Baron Beaumont John Beaumont, 4th Baron Beaumont KG (1361–1396) was an English military commander and Admiral who served in the Hundred Years' War against the partisans of Antipope Clement VII. Origins Beaumont was born in 1361 at Folkingham Castle, Lin ...

(1389) * John Holland, 1st Duke of Exeter (1398–) (executed in 1400) * Edmund of Langley, 1st Duke of York (1399– ) (died 1402) *

(1399–) * Ralph de Neville, 1st Earl of Westmorland (1403–1414) * John Neville, Lord Neville (1414–1420) * Richard Neville, 5th Earl of Salisbury (1420–1435) * Richard Neville, 5th Earl of Salisbury (1446–) and Richard Neville, 16th Earl of Warwick (1446-) (jointly – never took office) * Richard Neville, 16th Earl of Warwick (1453–) * Richard Neville, 16th Earl of Warwick (1461–1469) * Richard Plantagenet (1471–1485) (killed, Bosworth, 1485) * Henry Percy, 4th Earl of Northumberland(−1489) (assassinated 1489) * Thomas Dacre, 2nd Baron Dacre (1490–) (Lord Warden 1509–1525) (died 1525) * William Dacre, 3rd Baron Dacre (1527–1534) * Henry Clifford, 1st Earl of Cumberland (1534–1542) * Thomas Wharton (c.1542–1549) *

(1551–1553) * Henry Scrope, 9th Baron Scrope of Bolton (c. 1560–1591) * Sir Richard Lowther (1591–1593) * Thomas Scrope, 10th Baron Scrope of Bolton (1593–1603) (last Warden)

For Scotland

Lord Warden-general of all the March

* William Douglas, 1st Earl of Douglas (1356–) * John Stewart, Lord of Kyle *

Patrick V, Earl of March Patrick de Dunbar, 9th Earl of March,Anderson, William, ''The Scottish Nation'', Edinburgh, 1867, vol.iv:74 (c. 1285–1369) was a prominent Scottish magnate during the reigns of Robert the Bruce and David II. Early years The earldom, locate ...

Archibald Douglas, 3rd Earl of Douglas Archibald Douglas, Earl of Douglas and Wigtown, Lord of Galloway, Douglas and Bothwell (c. 1330 – c. 24 December 1400), called Archibald the Grim or Black Archibald, was a late medieval Scottish nobleman. Archibald was the bastard son of ...

(1364–1400) *

Archibald Douglas, 4th Earl of Douglas Archibald Douglas, 4th Earl of Douglas, Duke of Touraine (c. 1369 – 17 August 1424), was a Scottish nobleman and warlord. He is sometimes given the epithet "Tyneman" ( Old Scots: Loser), but this may be a reference to his great-uncle Sir A ...

(1400–) *

William Douglas, 8th Earl of Douglas William Douglas, 8th Earl of Douglas, 2nd Earl of Avondale (1425 – 22 February 1452) was a late Medieval Scottish nobleman, Lord of Galloway, and Lord of the Regality of Lauderdale, and the most powerful magnate in Southern Scotland. He was ki ...

(1450–) killed 1452 *

Adam Hepburn, 2nd Earl of Bothwell Adam Hepburn, 2nd Earl of Bothwell (born c. 1492, died 9 September 1513) was a Scottish nobleman, who succeeded his father Patrick Hepburn, 1st Earl of Bothwell in 1508. Prior to that, he was known by one of his territorial designations, Adam H ...

(1514–) *

Antoine d'Arces Antoine d'Arcy, sieur de la Bastie-sur-Meylan and of Lissieu, (d. 17 September 1517) was a French nobleman involved in the government of Scotland. The White Knight Antoine d'Arces, or d'Arcy, is usually known as "De la Bastie" or "Labatie" in S ...

, Sieur de la Bastie (1516–) killed 1517 *

Archibald Douglas, 8th Earl of Angus Archibald Douglas, 8th Earl of Angus and 5th Earl of Morton (15554 August 1588) was the son of David, 7th Earl of Angus. He succeeded to the title and estates in 1558, being brought up by his uncle, James Douglas, 4th Earl of Morton, a Presby ...

(1574–) * William Ruthven, 1st Earl of Gowrie ( 1578) * James Stewart, Earl of Arran (1584–) * Alexander Home, 6th Lord Home (1603)

Warden of the Eastern March

* William Douglas, 1st Earl of Douglas jointly with the

Earl of March Earl of March is a title that has been created several times in the Peerage of Scotland and the Peerage of England. The title derived from the "marches" or borderlands between England and either Wales ( Welsh Marches) or Scotland ( Scottish ...

(1356–) *

(1400) *

and George, 4th Earl of Angus (1449) (jointly) *

Alexander Home, 1st Lord Home Sir Alexander Home of that Ilk, 1st Lord Home ( – ) was in 1448 Sheriff Deputy for Berwickshire, and was made a Lord of Parliament on 2 August 1473. He is an ancestor of the Earls of Home. Family Alexander Home's father, Sir Alexander Home of ...

(c1475) *

James Stewart, 1st Earl of Buchan James Stewart, 1st Earl of Buchan (1442–1499) was a Scottish noble. He was the uncle of James III of Scotland who granted him the Earldom of Buchan. Buchan repaid his nephew by fighting for his cause against rebellious southern barons. Through h ...

(1479–) * Archibald Douglas, 5th Earl of Angus (1481–) *

Alexander Home, 2nd Lord Home Alexander Home, 2nd Lord Home (c.1450s – 5 September 1506) was a Scottish nobleman and soldier, Lord Chamberlain of Scotland and Warden of the Eastern March. Life Lord Home was the son of Alexander Home, Master of Home and Agnes Hepburn, ...

(1489–1496) * Patrick Hepburn, 1st Earl of Bothwell (1499) *

Alexander Home, 3rd Lord Home Alexander Home, 3rd Lord Home (died 1516) was a Scottish soldier and nobleman, Chamberlain of Scotland and Warden of the Eastern March. He fought at the Battle of Flodden where his forces defeated the English right wing before the Scottish army ...

(1506) (died 1516) * Archibald Douglas, 6th Earl of Angus (1525–) *

George Home, 4th Lord Home George Home, 4th Lord Home (died 1549) was a Scottish nobleman and Warden of the Eastern March. The son of Alexander Home, 2nd Lord Home and his wife Nicola Ker, daughter of George Ker of Samuelston, he succeeded his brother, Alexander Home, 3rd ...

(1543–) (died 1549) * Alexander Home, 5th Lord Home (1550–) *Sir James Home of Cowdenknowes (1573–) * Alexander Home, 6th Lord Home (1582–1589) * Sir George Home of Wedderburn, (1597)

Warden of the Middle March

* Sir William Douglas (1343–) *

William Douglas, 2nd Earl of Angus William Douglas, 2nd Earl of Angus (24 February 1398 – October 1437) was a Scottish nobleman and soldier. The son of George Douglas, 1st Earl of Angus and Princess Mary of Scotland, he was a grandson of King Robert III. The story of Angus' li ...

(1433–) * George Douglas, 4th Earl of Angus (1449–) *Andrew Ker of Cessford (1457–) *

(1479–) *Walter Ker of Cessford (1502–) *Ralph and Andrew Ker (1510–) *

(1509–) *Sir Robert Ker of Caverton (1514) killed 1514 *Sir Andrew Ker of Cessford (1515) *William Ker of Cessford * Archibald Douglas, 6th Earl of Angus (1525–) *Walter Ker of Cessford (1541–) *

Walter Scott of Branxholme and Buccleuch Sir Walter Scott, 1st of Branxholme, 3rd of Buccleuch (c. 1495 – killed 4 October 1552), known as "Wicked Wat", was a nobleman of the Scottish Borders and the chief of Clan Scott who briefly served as Warden of the Middle March He was an "in ...

(1550–1552) murdered 1552 *

James Hepburn, 4th Earl of Bothwell James Hepburn, 1st Duke of Orkney and 4th Earl of Bothwell ( – 14 April 1578), better known simply as Lord Bothwell, was a prominent Scottish nobleman. He was known for his marriage to Mary, Queen of Scots, as her third and final husband ...

(1558–) *Sir Walter Ker of Cessford (1560–) *William Ker of Cessford (1583–) * Sir Thomas Ker of Ferniehirst (1584–) *

Ludovic Stewart, 2nd Duke of Lennox Ludovic Stewart, 2nd Duke of Lennox and 1st Duke of Richmond (29 September 157416 February 1624), lord of the Manor of Cobham, Kent, was a Scottish nobleman who through their paternal lines was a second cousin of King James VI of Scotland ...

(1592–) *Sir John Cary (1601-)

Warden of the Western March

* Sir James Douglas (1314–1330) * Sir Archibald Douglas (1364) *Sir Archibald Douglas (1368–1388) *Sir John Johnston, Laird of Johnston (1388-1400) *

(1400-1419) *Sir Adam Johnston, Laird of Johnston (1419-1450) First Term *

(1450–) killed 1452 *Sir Adam Johnston, Laird of Johnston (1452-1454) Second Term *

Andrew Stewart, 1st Lord Avandale Andrew Stewart (c. 14201488) was Lord Chancellor of Scotland from 1460 to 1482 and one of the leading servants of King James III of Scotland. Early life Andrew Stewart was born c. 1420 and "appears to have been the eldest son of Walter Stewar ...

(1456–) *Sir John Johnston, Laird of Johnston (1459-1475) * Alexander Stewart, Duke of Albany (1475) * Robert Maxwell, 2nd Lord Maxwell (1476–1485) * John Maxwell, 4th Lord Maxwell (1486–1489) * Patrick Hepburn, 1st Earl of Bothwell (1489–1503) *Sir Adam Johnston, Laird of Johnston (1503-1509) *Sir James Johnston, Laird of Johnston (1509-1515) * Robert Maxwell, 5th Lord Maxwell (1515–1546) *Sir John Johnston, Laird of Johnston (1546-1553) *Sir

James Douglas, 7th Baron Drumlanrig Sir James Douglas, 7th of Drumlanrig, (1498–1578) was a Scottish nobleman active in a turbulent time in Scotland's history. Life He was the son of Sir William Douglas, 6th of Drumlanrig (b. bef. 1484, k. 9 Sep 1513, Battle of Flodden) and Eliza ...

(1553–) *

(1558–) *Sir John Maxwell (1561–) *

(1574–) *Sir John Johnston, Laird of Johnston (1580–1585) *

John Maxwell, 7th Lord Maxwell John is a common English name and surname: * John (given name) * John (surname) John may also refer to: New Testament Works * Gospel of John, a title often shortened to John * First Epistle of John, often shortened to 1 John * Seco ...

(−1585) dismissed 1585 *William Maxwell, Lord Herries (1587–1588) * Sir John Carmichael (1588–1590) *

(1590–) killed 1593 * William Douglas, 10th Earl of Angus (1592–1593) *Robert Maxwell, Lord Herries (1593-1595) *Sir James Johnston, Laird of Johnston (1595–1598) First Term * Sir John Carmichael (1598–) killed 1600 *Sir James Johnston, Laird of Johnston (1600-1608) Second Term Killed 1608 * Alexander Home, 1st Earl of Home (1608-)

References

* * {{DEFAULTSORT:Lord Warden Of The Marches Medieval English people History of the Scottish Borders Anglo-Scottish border Border Reivers Stuart Scotland Political office-holders in England Political office-holders in Scotland Lists of English people Lists of office-holders in Scotland

For England

Warden of the Marches

Lord Warden of the Marches

Warden of the Eastern March

Warden of the Middle March

Warden of the Western March

For Scotland

Lord Warden-general of all the March

Warden of the Eastern March

Warden of the Middle March

Warden of the Western March

See also

References