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This is a partial list of the local
underground newspaper The terms underground press or clandestine press refer to periodicals and publications that are produced without official approval, illegally or against the wishes of a dominant (governmental, religious, or institutional) group. In specific rec ...
s launched during the Sixties era of the hippie/psychedelic/youth/counterculture/New Left/antiwar movements, approximately 1965–1972. This list includes periodically appearing papers of general countercultural interest printed in a newspaper format, and specific to a particular locale.


Australia

* '' Sydney FTA'', Sydney, 1970


Belgium

*''Amenophis'',
Brussels Brussels (french: Bruxelles or ; nl, Brussel ), officially the Brussels-Capital Region (All text and all but one graphic show the English name as Brussels-Capital Region.) (french: link=no, Région de Bruxelles-Capitale; nl, link=no, Bruss ...
, 1965–1975 *'' Real Free Press'', Antwerp


Canada


Alberta

*'' Canada Goose'',
Edmonton Edmonton ( ) is the capital city of the Canadian province of Alberta. Edmonton is situated on the North Saskatchewan River and is the centre of the Edmonton Metropolitan Region, which is surrounded by Alberta's central region. The city ancho ...


British Columbia

*''
The Georgia Straight ''The Georgia Straight'' is a free Canadian weekly news and entertainment newspaper published in Vancouver, British Columbia, by Overstory Media Group. Often known simply as ''The Straight'', it is delivered to newsboxes, post-secondary schools, ...
'',
Vancouver Vancouver ( ) is a major city in western Canada, located in the Lower Mainland region of British Columbia. As the List of cities in British Columbia, most populous city in the province, the 2021 Canadian census recorded 662,248 people in the ...


Manitoba

*'' The Lovin' Couch Press'',
Winnipeg Winnipeg () is the capital and largest city of the province of Manitoba in Canada. It is centred on the confluence of the Red and Assiniboine rivers, near the longitudinal centre of North America. , Winnipeg had a city population of 749, ...
* ''Ǒmṕhalǒs'', Winnipeg


Ontario

*''
Harbinger A harbinger is a forerunner or forewarning, but may also refer to: Companies * Harbinger Corp., an Internet-oriented business * Harbinger Capital, a hedge fund * Harbinger Knowledge Products, an eLearning products and content services compan ...
'',
Toronto Toronto ( ; or ) is the capital city of the Canadian province of Ontario. With a recorded population of 2,794,356 in 2021, it is the most populous city in Canada and the fourth most populous city in North America. The city is the anch ...
*'' Octopus'', Ottawa (later ''Ottawa's Free Press'')


Quebec

*'' Pop-See-Cul'',
Montreal Montreal ( ; officially Montréal, ) is the second-most populous city in Canada and most populous city in the Canadian province of Quebec. Founded in 1642 as '' Ville-Marie'', or "City of Mary", it is named after Mount Royal, the triple ...
, 1967–1968


France

*'' Actuel'',
Paris Paris () is the Capital city, capital and List of communes in France with over 20,000 inhabitants, most populous city of France, with an estimated population of 2,165,423 residents in 2019 in an area of more than 105 km² (41 sq mi), ma ...
*'' Interluttes'', Paris


India

*'' Hungry Generation'' weekly bulletins,
Calcutta Kolkata (, or , ; also known as Calcutta , List of renamed places in India#West Bengal, the official name until 2001) is the Capital city, capital of the Indian States and union territories of India, state of West Bengal, on the eastern ba ...
(1961–1965) *'' Krittibas''


Italy

* ''Fuori!'' * ''Re Nudo'' * ''Tampax''


United Kingdom

*''
Black Dwarf A black dwarf is a theoretical stellar remnant, specifically a white dwarf that has cooled sufficiently to no longer emit significant heat or light. Because the time required for a white dwarf to reach this state is calculated to be longer th ...
'' *''
Brighton Voice ''Brighton Voice'' was an Alternative media, alternative or Underground press, underground newspaper published in Brighton, England in the 1970s and 1980s. History ''Brighton Voice'' was one of the many alternative local newspapers that sprun ...
'' *'' Friends'' (later ''Frendz'') *'' Gandalf's Garden'' *'' Ink'' *'' International Times'' (also ''IT'') *'' Oz''


United States


Alabama

* '' Exponent'', University of Alabama in Huntsville, 1969–present *'' High gauge'', Tuscaloosa * ''Rearguard'',
Mobile Mobile may refer to: Places * Mobile, Alabama, a U.S. port city * Mobile County, Alabama * Mobile, Arizona, a small town near Phoenix, U.S. * Mobile, Newfoundland and Labrador Arts, entertainment, and media Music Groups and labels * Mobile ( ...
, 1971


Arizona

*'' Bandersnatch'', Tempe, 1968–1969 *'' Butterfield Express'',
Tucson , "(at the) base of the black ill , nicknames = "The Old Pueblo", "Optics Valley", "America's biggest small town" , image_map = , mapsize = 260px , map_caption = Interactive map ...
*'' Druid Free Press'', Tempe, 1969 * ''Gambit'', Tempe, 1968 *''
Rebirth Rebirth may refer to: Arts, entertainment, and media Film * ''Rebirth'' (2011 film), a 2011 Japanese drama film * ''Rebirth'' (2016 film), a 2016 American thriller film * ''Rebirth'', a documentary film produced by Project Rebirth * ''The Re ...
'',
Phoenix Phoenix most often refers to: * Phoenix (mythology), a legendary bird from ancient Greek folklore * Phoenix, Arizona, a city in the United States Phoenix may also refer to: Mythology Greek mythological figures * Phoenix (son of Amyntor), a ...
, 1969 *''
Resurrection Resurrection or anastasis is the concept of coming back to life after death. In a number of religions, a dying-and-rising god is a deity which dies and is resurrected. Reincarnation is a similar process hypothesized by other religions, whic ...
'', Tucson, 1970


California

* ''Alto'',
Isla Vista Isla Vista is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Santa Barbara County, California in the United States. As of 2020 census, the community had a population of 15,500. The majority of residents are college students at t ...
, 1967–1969 *''
Berkeley Barb The ''Berkeley Barb'' was a weekly underground newspaper published in Berkeley, California, during the years 1965 to 1980. It was one of the first and most influential of the counterculture newspapers, covering such subjects as the anti-war move ...
'', Berkeley, 1965–1980 *'' Berkeley Tribe'', Berkeley, 1969–1972 (split from the ''Berkeley Barb'' after staff went on strike) *'' The Black Panther'', Oakland *''Bullsheet'', Pasadena, California, 1969–1974 *'' Dock of the Bay'',
San Francisco San Francisco (; Spanish for " Saint Francis"), officially the City and County of San Francisco, is the commercial, financial, and cultural center of Northern California. The city proper is the fourth most populous in California and 17th ...
*'' Free Spaghetti Dinner'', Santa Cruz * '' From Out of Sherwood Forest'', Newport Beach, California *'' Good Times'', San Francisco, 1969–1972 (formerly ''San Francisco Express-Times'') *'' Haight Ashbury Free Press'', San Francisco *''
Haight Ashbury Tribune Haight may refer to: People with the surname Haight: * Albert Haight (1842-1926), New York lawyer * Charles C. Haight (1841-1917), American architect * Charles S. Haight, Jr., judge in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York ...
'', San Francisco (at least 16 issues) *'' Illustrated Paper'', Mendocino, 1966–1967 *''
Leviathan Leviathan (; he, לִוְיָתָן, ) is a sea serpent noted in theology and mythology. It is referenced in several books of the Hebrew Bible, including Psalms, the Book of Job, the Book of Isaiah, the Book of Amos, and, according to some ...
'', San Francisco, 1969–1970 *'' Long Beach Free Press'',
Long Beach Long Beach is a city in Los Angeles County, California. It is the 42nd-most populous city in the United States, with a population of 466,742 as of 2020. A charter city, Long Beach is the seventh-most populous city in California. Incorporate ...
, 1969–1970 *''
Los Angeles Free Press The ''Los Angeles Free Press'', also called the "''Freep''", is often cited as the first, and certainly was the largest, of the underground newspapers of the 1960s. The ''Freep'' was founded in 1964 by Art Kunkin, who served as its publisher un ...
'',
Los Angeles Los Angeles ( ; es, Los Ángeles, link=no , ), often referred to by its initials L.A., is the List of municipalities in California, largest city in the U.S. state, state of California and the List of United States cities by population, sec ...
, 1964–1978 (new series 2005–present) *'' Los Angeles Staff'', Los Angeles (splintered from ''Los Angeles Free Press'') *'' Northcoast Ripsaw'',
Eureka Eureka (often abbreviated as E!, or Σ!) is an intergovernmental organisation for research and development funding and coordination. Eureka is an open platform for international cooperation in innovation. Organisations and companies applying th ...
*''
OB Rag The ''OB Rag'' (originally the ''OB People's Rag'') was an underground newspaper published between 1970 and 1975 in the Neighborhood of Ocean Beach, San Diego, California, United States. The O in the title is also a peace symbol. Other San Die ...
'', Ocean Beach, 1970–1975 (new series 2001–2003, blog 2007–present) *'' Open City'', Los Angeles, 1967–1969 *'' Oracle of Southern California'', Los Angeles *''
The Organ Organ may refer to: Biology * Organ (biology), a part of an organism Musical instruments * Organ (music), a family of keyboard musical instruments characterized by sustained tone ** Electronic organ, an electronic keyboard instrument ** Hammond ...
'',
Fresno Fresno () is a major city in the San Joaquin Valley of California, United States. It is the county seat of Fresno County and the largest city in the greater Central Valley region. It covers about and had a population of 542,107 in 2020, maki ...
, 1968 *''
The Organ Organ may refer to: Biology * Organ (biology), a part of an organism Musical instruments * Organ (music), a family of keyboard musical instruments characterized by sustained tone ** Electronic organ, an electronic keyboard instrument ** Hammond ...
'', San Francisco, 1970–1971 *'' Peninsula Observer'',
Palo Alto Palo Alto (; Spanish for "tall stick") is a charter city in the northwestern corner of Santa Clara County, California, United States, in the San Francisco Bay Area, named after a coastal redwood tree known as El Palo Alto. The city was es ...
*'' The San Diego Door'',
San Diego San Diego ( , ; ) is a city on the Pacific Ocean coast of Southern California located immediately adjacent to the Mexico–United States border. With a 2020 population of 1,386,932, it is the eighth most populous city in the United State ...
, 1966–1970 (formerly ''Good Morning, Teaspoon'') *'' San Diego Free Press'', San Diego 1968–1970 (changed name to ''San Diego Street Journal'') *''
San Francisco Express Times ''San Francisco Express Times'' was a counterculture tabloid underground newspaper edited by Marvin Garson and published weekly in San Francisco, California from January 24, 1968, to March 25, 1969, for a total of 62 issues, covering and promotin ...
'', San Francisco, 1968–1969 (changed name to ''Good Times'') *'' San Francisco Oracle'', San Francisco, 1966–1968 *''
San Jose Maverick ''San Jose Maverick'' (later ''Maverick'') was an underground newspaper published in San Jose, California monthly from Feb. 1969 to Fall 1970. A total of 16 issues were published, in a tabloid format. Connected with the Bay Area Revolutionary Union ...
'', San Jose *'' San Jose Red Eye'', San Jose *'' Seventy-Nine Cent Spread'', Carmel *'' Stockton Silver Hammer'', Stockton *'' SunDance'', San Francisco, 1972 *'' Tuesday's Child'', Los Angeles, 1969–1970


Colorado

* ''Aboveground'',
Colorado Springs Colorado Springs is a home rule municipality in, and the county seat of, El Paso County, Colorado, United States. It is the largest city in El Paso County, with a population of 478,961 at the 2020 United States Census, a 15.02% increase since ...
, 1969–1970 * ''Blue Screw'',
Aurora An aurora (plural: auroras or aurorae), also commonly known as the polar lights, is a natural light display in Earth's sky, predominantly seen in high-latitude regions (around the Arctic and Antarctic). Auroras display dynamic patterns of bri ...
, 1973–1974 *'' Chinook'',
Denver Denver () is a consolidated city and county, the capital, and most populous city of the U.S. state of Colorado. Its population was 715,522 at the 2020 census, a 19.22% increase since 2010. It is the 19th-most populous city in the Unit ...
, 1969–1972 * ''El Gallo'', Denver, 1967–1975 *'' Mountain Free Press'', Denver, 1968–1970


Connecticut

*'' Hartford's Other Voice'',
Hartford Hartford is the capital city of the U.S. state of Connecticut. It was the seat of Hartford County until Connecticut disbanded county government in 1960. It is the core city in the Greater Hartford metropolitan area. Census estimates since t ...
*'' Storrs Weekly Reader'', Storrs, 1971–1973 *'' View from the Bottom'',
New Haven New Haven is a city in the U.S. state of Connecticut. It is located on New Haven Harbor on the northern shore of Long Island Sound in New Haven County, Connecticut and is part of the New York City metropolitan area. With a population of 134,023 ...


Delaware

*'' Heterodoxical Voice'', Newark


District of Columbia

*''Colonial Times'', 1971–1972 *''The Daily Rag'', 1972 *''
Quicksilver Times ''Quicksilver Times'' was an antiwar, counterculture underground press, underground newspaper published in Washington, DC. Its first issue was dated June 16, 1969, with Terry Becker Jr., a former college newspaper editor and reporter for the Newhous ...
'', 1969–1972 *''
Washington Free Press ''The Washington Free Press'' was a biweekly radical underground newspaper published in Washington, DC, beginning in 1966, when it was founded by representatives of the five colleges in Washington as a community paper for local Movement people. I ...
''


Florida

*''
Amazing Grace "Amazing Grace" is a Christian hymn published in 1779 with words written in 1772 by English Anglican clergyman and poet John Newton (1725–1807). It is an immensely popular hymn, particularly in the United States, where it is used for both ...
'',
Tallahassee Tallahassee ( ) is the capital city of the U.S. state of Florida. It is the county seat and only incorporated municipality in Leon County. Tallahassee became the capital of Florida, then the Florida Territory, in 1824. In 2020, the population ...
* ''Aquarian'', Temple Terrace, 1969 *''
Balaklava Balaklava ( uk, Балаклáва, russian: Балаклáва, crh, Balıqlava, ) is a settlement on the Crimean Peninsula and part of the city of Sevastopol. It is an administrative center of Balaklava Raion that used to be part of the Cri ...
'',
Sarasota Sarasota () is a city in Sarasota County on the Gulf Coast of the U.S. state of Florida. The area is renowned for its cultural and environmental amenities, beaches, resorts, and the Sarasota School of Architecture. The city is located in the sou ...
*'' Bay Area Free Press'', Tampa, 1970 *'' Both Sides Now'',
Jacksonville Jacksonville is a city located on the Atlantic coast of northeast Florida, the most populous city proper in the state and is the List of United States cities by area, largest city by area in the contiguous United States as of 2020. It is the co ...
, 1969–1975 *''
Daily Planet The ''Daily Planet'' is a fictional newspaper appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics, commonly in association with Superman. The newspaper was first mentioned in ''Action Comics'' #23 (April 1940). The ''Daily Planet'' build ...
'',
Miami Miami ( ), officially the City of Miami, known as "the 305", "The Magic City", and "Gateway to the Americas", is a coastal metropolis and the county seat of Miami-Dade County in South Florida, United States. With a population of 442,241 at ...
(formerly ''Miami Free Press'') *'' Gulf Coast Fish Cheer'',
Pensacola Pensacola () is the westernmost city in the Florida Panhandle, and the county seat and only incorporated city of Escambia County, Florida, United States. As of the 2020 United States census, the population was 54,312. Pensacola is the principal ci ...
* ''Iconoclast'', Pensacola, Florida, 1971–1974 *'' The Monocle'', Tampa *''
Ragweed Ragweeds are flowering plants in the genus ''Ambrosia'' in the aster family, Asteraceae. They are distributed in the tropical and subtropical regions of the Americas, especially North America,St. Petersburg Saint Petersburg ( rus, links=no, Санкт-Петербург, a=Ru-Sankt Peterburg Leningrad Petrograd Piter.ogg, r=Sankt-Peterburg, p=ˈsankt pʲɪtʲɪrˈburk), formerly known as Petrograd (1914–1924) and later Leningrad (1924–1991), i ...


Georgia

*''Albion's Grace'', Savannah *'' The Great Speckled Bird'',
Atlanta Atlanta ( ) is the capital and most populous city of the U.S. state of Georgia. It is the seat of Fulton County, the most populous county in Georgia, but its territory falls in both Fulton and DeKalb counties. With a population of 498,715 ...
, 1968–1976


Illinois

*''The Angry Voice'', Greenville, 1969–1970 * ''Big Muddy Gazette'', Carbondale, 1969–1972 *''The Bridge'',
Chicago (''City in a Garden''); I Will , image_map = , map_caption = Interactive Map of Chicago , coordinates = , coordinates_footnotes = , subdivision_type = Country , subdivision_name ...
, 1967–1968 *'' Chicago Seed'',
Chicago (''City in a Garden''); I Will , image_map = , map_caption = Interactive Map of Chicago , coordinates = , coordinates_footnotes = , subdivision_type = Country , subdivision_name ...
, 1967–1973 *'' Chicago Kaleidoscope'', Chicago *''Curb: Dedicated to Curbing Armed Problem Solving and Solving People Problems'', Elmhurst, Illinois, 1970–1973 *'' A Four Year Bummer'',
Champaign Champaign ( ) is a city in Champaign County, Illinois, United States. The population was 88,302 at the 2020 census. It is the tenth-most populous municipality in Illinois and the fourth most populous city in Illinois outside the Chicago metropo ...
, 1969–1970 *'' News from Nowhere'',
DeKalb DeKalb or De Kalb may refer to: People * Baron Johann de Kalb (1721–1780), major general in the American Revolutionary War Places Municipalities in the United States * DeKalb, Illinois, the largest city in the United States named DeKalb **DeKal ...
*'' Rising Up Angry'', Chicago, 1969–1975 *'' Second City'', Chicago *''The Walrus'', University of Illinois, Champaign-Urbana, 1968–1973


Indiana

*'' Bauls of the Brickyard'', West Lafayette, 1969 *'' Grinding Stone'',
Terre Haute Terre Haute ( ) is a city in and the county seat of Vigo County, Indiana, United States, about 5 miles east of the state's western border with Illinois. As of the 2010 census, the city had a population of 60,785 and its metropolitan area had a ...
*'' Indianapolis Free Press'', Indianapolis, 1969–1970 *'' The Only Alternative'',
Muncie Muncie ( ) is an incorporated city and the seat of Delaware County, Indiana. Previously known as Buckongahelas Town, named after the legendary Delaware Chief.http://www.delawarecountyhistory.org/history/docs/lenape-villages.pdf It is located in ...
, 1968–1971 *''
The Spectator ''The Spectator'' is a weekly British magazine on politics, culture, and current affairs. It was first published in July 1828, making it the oldest surviving weekly magazine in the world. It is owned by Frederick Barclay, who also owns ''The ...
'', Bloomington, 1966–1971


Iowa

*''
Middle Earth Middle or The Middle may refer to: * Centre (geometry), the point equally distant from the outer limits. Places * Middle (sheading), a subdivision of the Isle of Man * Middle Bay (disambiguation) * Middle Brook (disambiguation) * Middle Creek ...
'', Iowa City, 1967–1968 *''
Pterodactyl Pterosaurs (; from Greek ''pteron'' and ''sauros'', meaning "wing lizard") is an extinct clade of flying reptiles in the order, Pterosauria. They existed during most of the Mesozoic: from the Late Triassic to the end of the Cretaceous (228 to 6 ...
'', Grinnell


Kansas

* ''Alchemist'',
Manhattan Manhattan (), known regionally as the City, is the most densely populated and geographically smallest of the five boroughs of New York City. The borough is also coextensive with New York County, one of the original counties of the U.S. state ...
, 1968–1969 * ''Custer's Last Stand'',
Manhattan Manhattan (), known regionally as the City, is the most densely populated and geographically smallest of the five boroughs of New York City. The borough is also coextensive with New York County, one of the original counties of the U.S. state ...
, 1971 *''
Vortex In fluid dynamics, a vortex ( : vortices or vortexes) is a region in a fluid in which the flow revolves around an axis line, which may be straight or curved. Vortices form in stirred fluids, and may be observed in smoke rings, whirlpools in ...
'',
Lawrence Lawrence may refer to: Education Colleges and universities * Lawrence Technological University, a university in Southfield, Michigan, United States * Lawrence University, a liberal arts university in Appleton, Wisconsin, United States Preparator ...


Kentucky

*'' Blue-tail fly'', Lexington * Callallo #20, Lexington *'' Free Press of Louisville'',
Louisville Louisville ( , , ) is the largest city in the Commonwealth of Kentucky and the 28th most-populous city in the United States. Louisville is the historical seat and, since 2003, the nominal seat of Jefferson County, on the Indiana border. ...


Louisiana

* ''In Arcane Logos'', New Orleans, 1969 *''
NOLA Express ''NOLA Express'' is a publication started in 1967 in New Orleans by the young poets Darlene Fife and Robert Head. Part the underground free press movement of the 1960s, the paper was opposed to American imperialism, racism and materialism. It pro ...
'',
New Orleans New Orleans ( , ,New Orleans
*''The Ungarbled Word'', New Orleans


Maryland

*''
Baltimore Free Press'',
Baltimore Baltimore ( , locally: or ) is the List of municipalities in Maryland, most populous city in the U.S. state of Maryland, fourth most populous city in the Mid-Atlantic (United States), Mid-Atlantic, and List of United States cities by popula ...
, 1968 *'' Dragon Seed'', Baltimore, 1972 *''
Harry Harry may refer to: TV shows * ''Harry'' (American TV series), a 1987 American comedy series starring Alan Arkin * ''Harry'' (British TV series), a 1993 BBC drama that ran for two seasons * ''Harry'' (talk show), a 2016 American daytime talk show ...
'', Baltimore, 1969–1970 *''
The Pawn ''The Pawn'' is an interactive fiction game for the Sinclair QL written by Rob Steggles of Magnetic Scrolls and published by Sinclair Research in 1985. In 1986, graphics were added and the game was released for additional home computers by Rai ...
'', Fort Detrick, 1969–1970


Massachusetts

*''
Avatar Avatar (, ; ), is a concept within Hinduism that in Sanskrit literally means "descent". It signifies the material appearance or incarnation of a powerful deity, goddess or spirit on Earth. The relative verb to "alight, to make one's appeara ...
'',
Boston Boston (), officially the City of Boston, is the state capital and most populous city of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, as well as the cultural and financial center of the New England region of the United States. It is the 24th- mo ...
, 1967–1968 *''
Boston Free Press Boston (), officially the City of Boston, is the capital city, state capital and List of municipalities in Massachusetts, most populous city of the Commonwealth (U.S. state), Commonwealth of Massachusetts, as well as the cultural and financ ...
'', Boston *'' Boston Phoenix'' *''
The Free Press of Springfield ''The'' () is a grammatical article in English, denoting persons or things already mentioned, under discussion, implied or otherwise presumed familiar to listeners, readers, or speakers. It is the definite article in English. ''The'' is the m ...
'', Springfield (became ''Common Sense'' in 1969) *''
Mother of Voices ] A mother is the female parent of a child. A woman may be considered a mother by virtue of having given birth, by raising a child who may or may not be her biological offspring, or by supplying her ovum for fertilisation in the case of gestati ...
'', Amherst, Massachusetts, Amherst *'' Old Mole'',
Cambridge Cambridge ( ) is a College town, university city and the county town in Cambridgeshire, England. It is located on the River Cam approximately north of London. As of the 2021 United Kingdom census, the population of Cambridge was 145,700. Cam ...
*''
Thursday Thursday is the day of the week between Wednesday and Friday. According to the ISO 8601 international standard, it is the fourth day of the week. In countries which adopt the "Sunday-first" convention, it is the fifth day of the week. Name ''Se ...
'', Cambridge *'' Worcester Phoenix'' *'' Worcester Punch'', Worcester * ''Zig zag'', Montague


Michigan

*''
Ann Arbor Argus ''Ann Arbor Argus'' was a radical, counterculture biweekly underground newspaper published in Ann Arbor, Michigan, starting January 24, 1969, and lasting until mid-1971.
'', Ann Arbor, 1969–1971 * '' Ann Arbor Sun'', Ann Arbor, Michigan, 1971–1976 *'' Fifth Estate'',
Detroit Detroit ( , ; , ) is the largest city in the U.S. state of Michigan. It is also the largest U.S. city on the United States–Canada border, and the seat of government of Wayne County. The City of Detroit had a population of 639,111 at t ...
, 1965–present *'' god mother and apple pie/Up Against the Wall Street Journal'',
Saginaw Saginaw () is a city in the U.S. state of Michigan and the seat of Saginaw County. The city of Saginaw and Saginaw County are both in the area known as Mid-Michigan. Saginaw is adjacent to Saginaw Charter Township and considered part of Greater ...
, 1969–1971 *'' The Paper'',
East Lansing East Lansing is a city in the U.S. state of Michigan. Most of the city lies within Ingham County with a smaller portion extending north into Clinton County. At the 2020 Census the population was 47,741. Located directly east of the state capital ...
*'' South End'', East Lansing


Minnesota

*'' The Freeway'',
Duluth, Minnesota , settlement_type = City , nicknames = Twin Ports (with Superior), Zenith City , motto = , image_skyline = , image_caption = Clockwise from top: urban Duluth skyline; Minnesota ...
, 1971 *'' Hundred Flowers'',
Minneapolis Minneapolis () is the largest city in Minnesota, United States, and the county seat of Hennepin County. The city is abundant in water, with thirteen lakes, wetlands, the Mississippi River, creeks and waterfalls. Minneapolis has its origins ...
, 1970–1972 *'' Minneapolis Flag'', Minneapolis, 1969


Mississippi

* ''Creem'', Birmingham *'' Kudzu'',
Jackson Jackson may refer to: People and fictional characters * Jackson (name), including a list of people and fictional characters with the surname or given name Places Australia * Jackson, Queensland, a town in the Maranoa Region * Jackson North, Qu ...
, 1968–1972


Missouri

*''Daily Flash'',
St. Louis St. Louis () is the second-largest city in Missouri, United States. It sits near the confluence of the Mississippi and the Missouri Rivers. In 2020, the city proper had a population of 301,578, while the bi-state metropolitan area, which e ...
(changed name to ''Xanadu'') * ''The New Hard Times'', (St. Louis, Missouri, 1968–1970 * ''The Outlaw'', St. Louis, 1970–1973


Montana

*'' Borrowed Times'',
Missoula Missoula ( ; fla, label=Salish language, Séliš, Nłʔay, lit=Place of the Small Bull Trout, script=Latn; kut, Tuhuⱡnana, script=Latn) is a city in the U.S. state of Montana; it is the county seat of Missoula County, Montana, Missoula Cou ...
, 1972–1980


Nebraska

*''Buffalo Chip'', Omaha (started December 1967) *'' Omaha Kaleidoscope'', Omaha


Nevada

*''Las Vegas Free Press'',
Las Vegas Las Vegas (; Spanish for "The Meadows"), often known simply as Vegas, is the 25th-most populous city in the United States, the most populous city in the state of Nevada, and the county seat of Clark County. The city anchors the Las Vegas ...
*''
Love Love encompasses a range of strong and positive emotional and mental states, from the most sublime virtue or good habit, the deepest interpersonal affection, to the simplest pleasure. An example of this range of meanings is that the love o ...
'',
Reno Reno ( ) is a city in the northwest section of the U.S. state of Nevada, along the Nevada-California border, about north from Lake Tahoe, known as "The Biggest Little City in the World". Known for its casino and tourism industry, Reno is the ...


New Jersey

*''Abas'', Newark, 1968–1969 *''All You Can Eat'',
New Brunswick New Brunswick (french: Nouveau-Brunswick, , locally ) is one of the thirteen provinces and territories of Canada. It is one of the three Maritime provinces and one of the four Atlantic provinces. It is the only province with both English and ...
, 1970–1973


New Mexico

*'' Astral Projection'',
Albuquerque Albuquerque ( ; ), ; kee, Arawageeki; tow, Vakêêke; zun, Alo:ke:k'ya; apj, Gołgéeki'yé. abbreviated ABQ, is the most populous city in the U.S. state of New Mexico. Its nicknames, The Duke City and Burque, both reference its founding in ...
*''
Caliche County Rendering Works Caliche () is a sedimentary rock, a hardened natural cement of calcium carbonate that binds other materials—such as gravel, sand, clay, and silt. It occurs worldwide, in aridisol and mollisol soil orders—generally in arid or semiarid regions ...
'',
Albuquerque Albuquerque ( ; ), ; kee, Arawageeki; tow, Vakêêke; zun, Alo:ke:k'ya; apj, Gołgéeki'yé. abbreviated ABQ, is the most populous city in the U.S. state of New Mexico. Its nicknames, The Duke City and Burque, both reference its founding in ...
, 1968–1970 *'' The Fountain of Light'', Taos, 1968–1970 *'' The Hips Voice'', Santa Fe


New York

*'' Buffalo Insighter'', Buffalo, 1967–1968 *''
East Village Other ''The East Village Other'' (often abbreviated as ''EVO'') was an American underground newspaper in New York City, issued biweekly during the 1960s. It was described by '' The New York Times'' as "a New York newspaper so countercultural that it ...
'',
New York City New York, often called New York City or NYC, is the most populous city in the United States. With a 2020 population of 8,804,190 distributed over , New York City is also the most densely populated major city in the Un ...
, 1965–1972 * ''Edge City'', Syracuse, 1970–1971 *'' New York Ace'', New York City, 1971–1972 *'' New York Avatar'', New York City *'' New York Free Press'', New York City *'' Other Scenes'' (dispatched from various locations around the world) *'' Rat Subterranean News'', New York City, 1968–1970 (later ''Women's LibeRATion'') *''Space'', Binghamton, New York 1972 (formerly ''Lost in Space'')


North Carolina

*'' The Anvil'',
Durham Durham most commonly refers to: *Durham, England, a cathedral city and the county town of County Durham *County Durham, an English county * Durham County, North Carolina, a county in North Carolina, United States *Durham, North Carolina, a city in N ...
, 1967–1983 *''
The Inquisition The Inquisition was a group of institutions within the Catholic Church whose aim was to combat heresy, conducting trials of suspected heretics. Studies of the records have found that the overwhelming majority of sentences consisted of penances, ...
'', Charlotte *''
Protean Radish In Greek mythology, Proteus (; Ancient Greek: Πρωτεύς, ''Prōteus'') is an early prophetic sea-god or god of rivers and oceanic bodies of water, one of several deities whom Homer calls the "Old Man of the Sea" ''(hálios gérôn)''. ...
'', Chapel Hill


Ohio

*'' Angry City Press'',
Cleveland Cleveland ( ), officially the City of Cleveland, is a city in the U.S. state of Ohio and the county seat of Cuyahoga County. Located in the northeastern part of the state, it is situated along the southern shore of Lake Erie, across the U.S. ...
, 1970 *'' Aquarius'', Dayton *''
The Big Us ''The Big Us'' was a radical underground newspaper published in Cleveland, Ohio starting in September, 1968, appearing biweekly in tabloid format. Its politics reflected the views of SDS.Columbus Free Press'', Columbus, 1969–present *''
Cuyahoga Current Cuyahoga may refer to: Places * Cuyahoga County, Ohio * Cuyahoga Falls, Ohio * Cuyahoga Heights, Ohio * Cuyahoga River, northeast Ohio * Cuyahoga Valley National Park, Ohio Ships * , a U.S. Coast Guard Cutter that sank in the Chesapeake Bay in ...
'', Cleveland, Ohio, 1972- *'' Great Swamp Erie Da Da Boom'', Cleveland, 1970–1972 * ''Hash'', Warren, 1970–1972 *'' Independent Eye'',
Cincinnati Cincinnati ( ) is a city in the U.S. state of Ohio and the county seat of Hamilton County. Settled in 1788, the city is located at the northern side of the confluence of the Licking and Ohio rivers, the latter of which marks the state line wit ...
*''
New Age New Age is a range of spiritual or religious practices and beliefs which rapidly grew in Western society during the early 1970s. Its highly eclectic and unsystematic structure makes a precise definition difficult. Although many scholars consi ...
'',
Athens Athens ( ; el, Αθήνα, Athína ; grc, Ἀθῆναι, Athênai (pl.) ) is both the capital and largest city of Greece. With a population close to four million, it is also the seventh largest city in the European Union. Athens dominates ...
*''
Queen City Express Queen or QUEEN may refer to: Monarchy * Queen regnant, a female monarch of a Kingdom ** List of queens regnant * Queen consort, the wife of a reigning king * Queen dowager, the widow of a king * Queen mother, a queen dowager who is the mother ...
'', Cincinnati *''
Razzberry Radicle Blowing a raspberry, strawberry, razzing or making a Bronx cheer, is to make a noise similar to flatulence that may signify derision, real or feigned. It is also used in childhood phonemic play. It is made by placing the tongue between the lips, ...
'', Dayton *'' Minority Report'', Dayton


Oklahoma

*'' Home Cookin'',
Oklahoma City Oklahoma City (), officially the City of Oklahoma City, and often shortened to OKC, is the capital and largest city of the U.S. state of Oklahoma. The county seat of Oklahoma County, it ranks 20th among United States cities in population, a ...
*'' Jones Family Grandchildren'', Norman *''
Jones Family Grandchildren II Jones may refer to: People *Jones (surname), a common Welsh and English surname *List of people with surname Jones *Jones (singer), a British singer-songwriter Arts and entertainment *Jones (Animal Farm), Jones (''Animal Farm''), a human charact ...
'', Stillwater *''
Osmosis Osmosis (, ) is the spontaneous net movement or diffusion of solvent molecules through a selectively-permeable membrane from a region of high water potential (region of lower solute concentration) to a region of low water potential (region o ...
'',
Tulsa Tulsa () is the second-largest city in the state of Oklahoma and 47th-most populous city in the United States. The population was 413,066 as of the 2020 census. It is the principal municipality of the Tulsa Metropolitan Area, a region with ...
, 1972


Oregon

*'' Eugene Augur'', Eugene, 1969–1972 *'' Willamette Bridge'', Portland, 1968–1971


Pennsylvania

*''Common Sense'', Philadelphia, published by Philadelphia Resistance, 1969–1974 *''
Distant Drummer ''Distant Drummer'' was a 1960s counterculture underground newspaper published in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States from November 1967 to July 1979. It changed titles twice: from October 2, 1970 to August 12, 1971 (issues no. 105–151) it ...
'',
Philadelphia Philadelphia, often called Philly, is the List of municipalities in Pennsylvania#Municipalities, largest city in the Commonwealth (U.S. state), Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, the List of United States cities by population, sixth-largest city i ...
, 1970–1979 (changed name to ''The Drummer'') *''
Philadelphia Free Press ''Philadelphia Free Press'' was a 1960s era underground newspaper published biweekly in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania from 1968 to 1972. Originally launched at Temple University in May 1968 as the monthly ''Temple Free Press'', it separated from Temp ...
'', Philadelphia, 1968–1972 *'' Pittsburgh Fair Witness'',
Pittsburgh Pittsburgh ( ) is a city in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, United States, and the county seat of Allegheny County. It is the most populous city in both Allegheny County and Western Pennsylvania, the second-most populous city in Pennsylva ...
, 1970–1973 (changed name from ''Grok'') *''
Plain Dealer ''The Plain Dealer'' is the major newspaper of Cleveland, Ohio, United States. In fall 2019, it ranked 23rd in U.S. newspaper circulation, a significant drop since March 2013, when its circulation ranked 17th daily and 15th on Sunday. As of M ...
'', Philadelphia *'' Water Tunnel'', State College *'' Yarrowstalks'', Philadelphia


Rhode Island

*''Extra!'', Providence


Tennessee

*''
Root In vascular plants, the roots are the organs of a plant that are modified to provide anchorage for the plant and take in water and nutrients into the plant body, which allows plants to grow taller and faster. They are most often below the su ...
'',
Memphis Memphis most commonly refers to: * Memphis, Egypt, a former capital of ancient Egypt * Memphis, Tennessee, a major American city Memphis may also refer to: Places United States * Memphis, Alabama * Memphis, Florida * Memphis, Indiana * Memp ...
, 1969


Texas

*'' Dallas Notes'',
Dallas Dallas () is the List of municipalities in Texas, third largest city in Texas and the largest city in the Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex, the List of metropolitan statistical areas, fourth-largest metropolitan area in the United States at 7.5 ...
, 1967–1970 (originally ''Notes from the Underground'') *'' The Eagle bone whistle'',
San Antonio ("Cradle of Freedom") , image_map = , mapsize = 220px , map_caption = Interactive map of San Antonio , subdivision_type = Country , subdivision_name = United States , subdivision_type1= State , subdivision_name1 = Texas , subdivision_t ...
*'' The Rag'', Austin, 1966–1977 *''San Antonio Gazette'', San Antonio, 1971–1975 *'' Space City'',
Houston Houston (; ) is the most populous city in Texas, the most populous city in the Southern United States, the fourth-most populous city in the United States, and the sixth-most populous city in North America, with a population of 2,304,580 i ...
, 1969–1972 (originally ''Space City News'')


Utah

*''
Electric Newspaper Electricity is the set of physical phenomena associated with the presence and motion of matter that has a property of electric charge. Electricity is related to magnetism, both being part of the phenomenon of electromagnetism, as described by ...
'',
Salt Lake City Salt Lake City (often shortened to Salt Lake and abbreviated as SLC) is the capital and most populous city of Utah, United States. It is the seat of Salt Lake County, the most populous county in Utah. With a population of 200,133 in 2020, th ...
, 1968 (at least 5 issues) *''Utah Free Press'', Salt Lake City, 1966–1969


Vermont

*'' The first issue'', Plainfield *'' Windham Free Press'',
Putney Putney () is a district of southwest London, England, in the London Borough of Wandsworth, southwest of Charing Cross. The area is identified in the London Plan as one of 35 major centres in Greater London. History Putney is an ancient paris ...


Virginia

*'' Alice: Blacksburg Free Press'', Blacksburg *'' The Liberated Castle'',
Fort Belvoir Fort Belvoir is a United States Army installation and a census-designated place (CDP) in Fairfax County, Virginia, United States. It was developed on the site of the former Belvoir plantation, seat of the prominent Fairfax family for whom Fai ...
, 1971 *'' Richmond Chronicle'', Richmond


Washington

*''
Helix A helix () is a shape like a corkscrew or spiral staircase. It is a type of smooth space curve with tangent lines at a constant angle to a fixed axis. Helices are important in biology, as the DNA molecule is formed as two intertwined helic ...
'',
Seattle Seattle ( ) is a seaport city on the West Coast of the United States. It is the seat of King County, Washington. With a 2020 population of 737,015, it is the largest city in both the state of Washington and the Pacific Northwest regio ...
, 1967–1970 *''
Northwest Passage The Northwest Passage (NWP) is the sea route between the Atlantic and Pacific oceans through the Arctic Ocean, along the northern coast of North America via waterways through the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. The eastern route along the Arc ...
'', Bellingham, 1969–1986 *'' Sabot'', Seattle, 1970–1971 *'' Spokane Natural'',
Spokane Spokane ( ) is the largest city and county seat of Spokane County, Washington, United States. It is in eastern Washington, along the Spokane River, adjacent to the Selkirk Mountains, and west of the Rocky Mountain foothills, south of the Ca ...
, 1967–1970


West Virginia

*''Buffalo Chips'',
Huntington, WV Huntington is a city in Cabell and Wayne counties in the U.S. state of West Virginia. It is the county seat of Cabell County, and the largest city in the Huntington–Ashland metropolitan area, sometimes referred to as the Tri-State Area. A ...
*'' Liberator'', Morgantown, 1969–1971? (later ''Mountain Liberator'')


Wisconsin

*''
Bugle-American The ''Bugle'' or ''Bugle-American'' (the original name) was an underground newspaper based in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. Distributed throughout the state from September 1970 to 1978, it was published weekly for most of that time for a total of 316 issue ...
'',
Milwaukee Milwaukee ( ), officially the City of Milwaukee, is both the most populous and most densely populated city in the U.S. state of Wisconsin and the county seat of Milwaukee County. With a population of 577,222 at the 2020 census, Milwaukee ...
, 1970–1978 *''The Caravan'',
Milwaukee Milwaukee ( ), officially the City of Milwaukee, is both the most populous and most densely populated city in the U.S. state of Wisconsin and the county seat of Milwaukee County. With a population of 577,222 at the 2020 census, Milwaukee ...
, 1967–1971 *'' Connections'', Madison, 1967–1969 *'' Counterpoint'',
Stevens Point Stevens Point is the county seat of Portage County, Wisconsin, United States. The city was incorporated in 1858. Its 2020 population of 25,666 makes it the largest city in the county. Stevens Point forms the core of the United States Census Bur ...
*'' Fox Valley Kaleidoscope'', Oshkosh, 1970 *''
Kaleidoscope A kaleidoscope () is an optical instrument with two or more reflecting surfaces (or mirrors) tilted to each other at an angle, so that one or more (parts of) objects on one end of these mirrors are shown as a regular symmetrical pattern when v ...
'', Milwaukee, 1967–1971 *'' Madison Kaleidoscope'', Madison *'' Mega Middle Myth'', Beloit, 1968 *''Off the Pigs!'', Madison, 1970's (affiliated with The People's Office) *'' The People's Dreadnaught'', Beloit *''What's Left'',
Milwaukee Milwaukee ( ), officially the City of Milwaukee, is both the most populous and most densely populated city in the U.S. state of Wisconsin and the county seat of Milwaukee County. With a population of 577,222 at the 2020 census, Milwaukee ...
, 1970's


See also

* Counterculture of the 1960s * GI Underground Press *
Liberation News Service Liberation News Service (LNS) was a New Left, anti-war underground press news agency that distributed news bulletins and photographs to hundreds of subscribing underground, alternative and radical newspapers from 1967 to 1981. Considered the "Asso ...
*
Underground Press Syndicate The Underground Press Syndicate (UPS), later known as the Alternative Press Syndicate (APS), was a network of countercultural newspapers and magazines that operated from 1966 into the late 1970s. As it evolved, the Underground Press Syndicate crea ...


References


External links


Underground/Alternative Newspapers History and Geography
- maps and databases showing over 2,000 underground/alternative newspapers between 1965 and 1975 in the U.S. {{DEFAULTSORT:Underground Newspapers, List Of Lists of newspapers *