List of the
promotions of the
cardinals of the Holy Roman Church. Dates of the consistories are known or possible to establish only from the pontificate of
Pope Gelasius II (1118–1119). Information concerning the number and names of the cardinals created before this pontificate are certainly incomplete.
[Cfr. Klewitz, p. 99.] For the later period, the available data are probably complete, but, for some pontificates (particularly in the 12th century), it is impossible to establish the exact number of promotions, because in some cases there are doubts whether the promotion really took place, and in some others it is not possible to ascertain whether the records describe two separate individuals or one individual who held two cardinal titles during his lifetime.
The numbers in the list do not include the cardinals created ''
in pectore'' whose names were never published, those who declined the appointment, and those who died before their announced promotion took place.
Until 1118
From 1118
See also
*
College of Cardinals
The College of Cardinals, or more formally the Sacred College of Cardinals, is the body of all cardinals of the Catholic Church. its current membership is , of whom are eligible to vote in a conclave to elect a new pope. Cardinals are app ...
Notes
Bibliography
*
*
*Konrad Eubel, ''Hierarchia Catholica'', vol. I-VI, Münster 1913-1960
*Otto Kares, ''Chronologie der Kardinalbischöfe im elften Jahrhundert'', (in:) ''Festschrift zur Jahrhundertfeier des Gymnasiums am Burgplatz in Essen'', Essen 1924
*Barbara Zenker, ''Die Mitglieder des Kardinalkollegiums von 1130 bis 1159'', Würzburg 1964
*Hans Walter Klewitz, ''Reformpapsttum und Kardinalkolleg'', Darmstadt 1957
*Rudolf Hüls, ''Kardinäle, Klerus und Kirchen Roms: 1049–1130'' Bibliothek des Deutschen Historischen Instituts in Rom. Tübingen: Max Niemeyer Verlag, 1977
*Elfriede Kartusch, ''Das Kardinalskollegium in der Zeit von 1181-1227'', Wien 1948
*Johannes M. Brixius, ''Die Mitglieder des Kardinalkollegiums von 1130-1181'', Berlin 1912
*Werner Maleczek, ''Papst und Kardinalskolleg von 1191 bis 1216'', Wien 1984
*Klaus Ganzer, ''Die Entwicklung des auswärtigen Kardinalats im hohen Mittelalter'', Bibliothek des Deutschen Historischen Instituts in Rom. Tübingen: Max Niemeyer Verlag 1963
*
Agostino Paravicini Bagliani, ''Cardinali di curia e "familiae" cardinalizie dal 1227 al 1254'', Padova 1972
J. P. Migne: ''Patrologia Latina''
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20091029011723/http://www.mgh.de/bibliothek/virtueller-lesesaal/ Phillipp Jaffé, Regesta pontificum Romanorum ab condita Ecclesia ad annum post Christum natum MCXCVIII, vol. I-II. Leipzig 1885-1888]
*Paul Fridolin Kehr
Regesta pontificum Romanorum. Italia Pontificia. Vol. I–X
SUL Books in the Public Domain
*Pius Bonifatius Gams
Series episcoporum Ecclesiae catholicae, quotquot innotuerunt a beato Petro apostolo
Wielkopolska Biblioteka Cyfrowa
{{College of Cardinals
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Lists of cardinals
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