Elam Elam () was an ancient civilization centered in the far west and southwest of Iran, stretching from the lowlands of what is now Khuzestan and Ilam Province as well as a small part of modern-day southern Iraq. The modern name ''Elam'' stems fr ...
, c. 2700 – 519 BCE

The Elamites settlement was in southwestern Iran, where is modern

Khuzestan Khuzestan province () is one of the 31 Provinces of Iran. Located in the southwest of the country, the province borders Iraq and the Persian Gulf, covering an area of . Its capital is the city of Ahvaz. Since 2014, it has been part of Iran's ...

, Ilam, Fars,

Bushehr Bushehr (; ) is a port city in the Central District (Bushehr County), Central District of Bushehr County, Bushehr province, Bushehr province, Iran, serving as capital of the province, the county, and the district. Etymology The roots of the n ...

, Lorestan, Bakhtiari and Kohgiluyeh provinces. Their language was neither Semitic nor

Indo-European The Indo-European languages are a language family native to the northern Indian subcontinent, most of Europe, and the Iranian plateau with additional native branches found in regions such as Sri Lanka, the Maldives, parts of Central Asia (e. ...

, and they were the geographic ancestors of the Achaemenid/Persian empire. For a full list of Elamite major and minor kings see: *

List of rulers of Elam The kings of Elam were the rulers of Elam, an ancient civilization and kingdom in south-western Iran. The earliest known Elamite dynasty was the Awan dynasty, which came to power in the Early Dynastic Period (Mesopotamia), Early Dynastic period. ...

Western Kingdoms, c. 2550 – c. 700 BCE

Marhasi Marhaši ( Sumerian: ''Mar-ḫa-ši Ki'' , ''Marhashi'', ''Marhasi'', ''Parhasi'', ''Barhasi''; in earlier sources Waraḫše) was an important ancient Near East polity situated in the region near Elam. It is generally assumed, though not certain ...
kingdom,Qashqai, 2011.Legrain, 1922; Cameron, 1936; D’yakonov, 1956; The Cambridge History of Iran; Hinz, 1972; The Cambridge Ancient History; Majidzadeh, 1991; Majidzadeh, 1997. –

Some scholars suggested that Marhasi were located in southeastern Iran. # Migirenlil ( BCE) # Unnamed King ( BCE) #

Abalgamash Abalgamash ( ''a-ba-al-ga-masz''; ) was a king of Marhashi (" Parahshum" in Akkadian), somewhere on the Iranian plateau. He seems to have led the forces of Elam, Marhashi, Kupin, Zahara, and Meluhha into a coalition against the Akkadian Empire, ...

( – 2312 BCE), revolted against

Rimush Rimush (or Rimuš, ''Ri-mu-uš''; died 2270 BC) was the second king of the Akkadian Empire. He was the son of Sargon of Akkad. He was succeeded by his brother Manishtushu, and was an uncle of Naram-Sin of Akkad. Naram-Sin posthumously deified Sa ...

of Akkad # Hubshumkibi ( BCE contemporary with Naram-Sin king of Akkad) # Unnamed King ( BCE) # Hashibatal ( BCE contemporary with

Shulgi Shulgi ( dšul-gi,(died c. 2046 BC) formerly read as Dungi) of Ur was the second king of the Third Dynasty of Ur. He reigned for 48 years, from (Middle Chronology). His accomplishments include the completion of construction of the Great ...

king of Ur) # Arvilukpi ( BCE contemporary with

Amar-Sin Amar-Sin (: '' DAmar D Sîn'', "calf of Sîn", the "𒀭" being a silent honorific for "Divine"),(died c. 2037 BC) initially misread as Bur-Sin (c. 2046–2037 BC) middle chronology, was the third ruler of the Ur III Dynasty. He succeeded his fa ...

king of Ur) # Pariashum ( BCE contemporary with

king of Ur) # Libanugshabash (2044– BCE) # Mashhundahli ( BCE contemporary with

Ibbi-Sin Ibbi-Sin (, ), (died c. 2004 BC) son of Shu-Sin, was king of Sumer and Akkad and last king of the Ur III dynasty, and reigned c. 2028–2004 BC (Middle chronology). During his reign, the Sumerian empire was attacked repeatedly by Amorites. As f ...

king of Ur)

Namar kingdom, c. 24th century–c. 750 BCE

# Tishari ( BCE) # Inbir ( BCE) # Sadarmat ( BCE) # Arisen ( BCE) # Unknown Queen ( BCE) # Karziyabku ( BCE) # Ritti-Marduk ( BCE) # Marduk-Mudammiq (until 844/2 BCE) # Ianzu (844/2–835/4 BCE)

Zakhara kingdom, c. 2350–c. 2250 BCE

# The unnamed prince of Zakhara ( BCE) # Ungapi ( BCE). Regent of Zakhara # The unnamed king of Zakhara (after 2254 BCE)

Ganhar kingdom, c. 21st century BCE

# Kisari (– BCE) # Warad-Nannar ( BCE)

Parsua Parsua (earlier Parsuash, Parsumash) was an ancient tribal kingdom/chiefdom (860-600 BC) located between Zamua (formerly: Lullubi) and Ellipi, in central Zagros to the southwest of Sanandaj, western Iran. The name ''Parsua'' is from an old Iran ...
kingdom, – BCE

Ellipi Ellipi was an ancient kingdom located on the western side of the Zagros (modern Iran), between Babylonia at the west, Medes, Media at the north east, Mannae at the north and Elam at the south. The inhabitants of Ellipi were close relatives of the ...
kingdom, – BCE

Northwestern Kingdoms, c. 2400 – 521 BCE

Lullubi Lullubi, Lulubi (: ''Lu-lu-bi'', : ''Lu-lu-biki'' "Country of the Lullubi"), more commonly known as Lullu, were a group of Bronze Age tribes of Hurrian and Semitic languages, Semitic origin who existed and disappeared during the 3rd millennium BC ...
kingdom, c. 2400–c. 650 BCE

# Immashkush ( BCE) # Anubanini ( BCE) he ordered to make an inscription on the rock nea
Sar-e Pol-e Zahab
# Satuni ( BCE contemporary with Naram-Sin king of Akkad and

Khita Khita, sometimes Hita in Elamite ( ''hi-ta-a''; ), was governor of Elam and the 11th king of the Awan Dynasty of Elam, around 2250 BC. He was most likely the grandfather of the famous Elamite ruler Kutik-Inshushinak, who succeeded him on the thr ...

king of Awan) # Irib ( BCE) # Darianam ( BCE) # Ikki (precise dates unknown) # Tar ... duni (precise dates unknown) son of Ikki. his inscription is found near the inscription of Anubanini # Nur-Adad ( – 880 BCE) # Zabini ( BCE) # Hubaia ( BCE) vassal of Assyrians # Dada ( BCE) # Larkutla ( BCE)

Gilzan kingdom, c. 900–c. 820 BCE

# Unknown king (– BCE) # Asau () # Upu ( BCE)

Ida kingdom, c. 860–c. 710 BCE

# Nikdiara (– BCE) # Sharsina (– BCE) # Parnua ( BCE)

Allabria, c. 850–c. 710 BCE

# Ianziburiash () # Artasari () # Bēl-apla-iddina (until 716 BCE) # Itti ( BCE)

Gizilbunda kingdom, c. 850–c. 700 BCE

# Pirishati (until 820 BCE) (in Urash) # Titamashka ( BCE) (in Sasiashu) # Kiara ( BCE) (in Kar-Sibutu) # Engur ( BCE) (in Sibaru) # Zizi ( BCE) (in Appatar) # Zala ( BCE) (in Kit-Patia)

Araziash kingdom, c. 850 – 716 BCE

# Barua (precise dates unknown) # Munsuarta ( BCE) # Unknown king (– BCE) # Ramatea ( BCE) # Satareshu ( BCE)

Manna Manna (, ; ), sometimes or archaically spelled Mahna or Mana, is described in the Bible and the Quran as an edible substance that God in Abrahamic religions, God bestowed upon the Israelites while they were wandering the desert during the 40-year ...
kingdom, c. 850–c. 611 BCE

Andia Kingdom, c. 850–c. 700 BCE

# Unnamed king of Andia ( BCE) contemporary with Daian-Ashur military leader of Assyrian empire in western Iran # Telusina ( – 715 BCE) who revolted against king of

Manna Manna (, ; ), sometimes or archaically spelled Mahna or Mana, is described in the Bible and the Quran as an edible substance that God in Abrahamic religions, God bestowed upon the Israelites while they were wandering the desert during the 40-year ...

and was defeated by

Sargon II Sargon II (, meaning "the faithful king" or "the legitimate king") was the king of the Neo-Assyrian Empire from 722 BC to his death in battle in 705. Probably the son of Tiglath-Pileser III (745–727), Sargon is generally believed to have be ...

king of

Assyria Assyria (Neo-Assyrian cuneiform: , ''māt Aššur'') was a major ancient Mesopotamian civilization that existed as a city-state from the 21st century BC to the 14th century BC and eventually expanded into an empire from the 14th century BC t ...

Kishesu kingdom, c. 830–c. 710 BCE

Sagbitu kingdom, c. 820–c. 710 BCE

Abdadana kingdom, c. 810–c. 710 BCE

Zikartu kingdom, c. 750 – 521 BCE

# The unnamed king of Zikartu () # Mettati ( – 714 BCE) # Bagparna (from 714 BCE) # Tritantaechmes (until July 15, 521 BCE)

Median dynasty, 726–521 BCE

The

Medes The Medes were an Iron Age Iranian peoples, Iranian people who spoke the Median language and who inhabited an area known as Media (region), Media between western Iran, western and northern Iran. Around the 11th century BC, they occupied the m ...

were an Iranian people. The Persians, a closely related and subject people, revolted against the

Median empire Media ( Old Persian: ''Māda''; Greek: ''Mēdía''; Akkadian: '' Mādāya'') was a political entity centered in Ecbatana that existed from the 7th century BCE until the mid-6th century BCE and is believed to have dominated a significant por ...

during the 6th century BCE.

Karalla kingdom, c. 720–c. 700 BCE

Uriaku kingdom, c. 720–c. 700 BCE

Karzinu kingdom, c. 720–c. 700 BCE

Saparda Saparda (or Sparda), was an ancient land (720–670 BC), south of Zikirti, corresponding to the modern Bijar area in northwestern Iran. At the time of the Medes and Assyria Assyria (Neo-Assyrian cuneiform: , ''māt Aššur'') was a ...
kingdom, c. 720–c. 670 BCE

# Dusanni (r. c. 670 BCE)

Scythian The Scythians ( or ) or Scyths (, but note Scytho- () in composition) and sometimes also referred to as the Pontic Scythians, were an ancient Eastern Iranian equestrian nomadic people who had migrated during the 9th to 8th centuries BC fr ...
kingdom of Iškuza, c. 700–c. 530 BCE

# Išpakaia (unknown – ) # Partatua ( – ), possible son of Išpakaia #

Madea Mabel "Madea" Earlene Simmons is a character created and portrayed by Tyler Perry. She is portrayed as a tough, street-smart elderly African-American woman. Madea is based on Perry's mother and his aunt. In Perry's own words, Madea is "exactly ...

( – 625 BCE), son of Partatua

Southern Kingdoms, c. 710–550 BCE

Achaemenid The Achaemenid Empire or Achaemenian Empire, also known as the Persian Empire or First Persian Empire (; , , ), was an Iranian empire founded by Cyrus the Great of the Achaemenid dynasty in 550 BC. Based in modern-day Iran, it was the large ...
Kings of Parsumash, c. 710–c. 635 BCE

Achaemenes Achaemenes ( ; ; ) was the progenitor ( apical ancestor) of the Achaemenid dynasty of rulers of Persia. Other than his role as an apical ancestor, nothing is known of his life or actions. It is quite possible that Achaemenes was only the mythi ...

, founder of the dynasty. # Teispes (I) son of

– BCE # Cambyses (I) son of Teispes (I) – BCE # Cyrus (I) son of Cambyses (I) – BCE

Achaemenid The Achaemenid Empire or Achaemenian Empire, also known as the Persian Empire or First Persian Empire (; , , ), was an Iranian empire founded by Cyrus the Great of the Achaemenid dynasty in 550 BC. Based in modern-day Iran, it was the large ...
Kings of
Anshan Anshan ( zh, s=鞍山, p=Ānshān, l=saddle mountain) is an inland prefecture-level city in central-southeast Liaoning province, People's Republic of China, about south of the provincial capital Shenyang. As of the 2020 census, it was Liaoning' ...
, c. 635 – 550 BCE

# Teispes of Anshan, or Teispes (II) son of

or Cyrus (I), king of Persia, king of Anshan, – BCEMiroschedji, 1985. # Cyrus I of Anshan or Cyrus (II), son of Teispes (II), king of Anshan – BCE # Cambyses I of Anshan or Cambyses (II), his son, king of Anshan – 559 BCE # Cyrus II the Great or Cyrus (III), his son, king of Anshan 559–529. He conquered the Median Empire in 550 and established the

Persian Empire The Achaemenid Empire or Achaemenian Empire, also known as the Persian Empire or First Persian Empire (; , , ), was an Iranian empire founded by Cyrus the Great of the Achaemenid dynasty in 550 BC. Based in modern-day Iran, it was the larg ...

. * Line of Ariaramnes #

Ariaramnes of Persia Ariaramnes (Old Persian: 𐎠𐎼𐎡𐎹𐎠𐎼𐎶𐎴 ''Ariyāramna''; "peace of the Arya") was a great-uncle of Cyrus the Great and the great-grandfather of Darius I, and perhaps the king of Parsa, the ancient core kingdom of Persia. __NOT ...

, son of Teispes (II), king of Persia. His reign is doubtful. #

Arsames of Persia Arsames ( Aršāma, modern Persian:،آرسام، آرشام‎ Arshām, Greek: ) was the son of Ariaramnes and the grandfather of Darius I. He was traditionally claimed to have briefly been king of Persia during the Achaemenid dynasty, and t ...

, son of Ariaramnes, king of Persia until 550, died after 520. His reign is doubtful. # His son Hystaspes was Satrap of

Parthia Parthia ( ''Parθava''; ''Parθaw''; ''Pahlaw'') is a historical region located in northeastern Greater Iran. It was conquered and subjugated by the empire of the Medes during the 7th century BC, was incorporated into the subsequent Achaemeni ...

under

Cambyses II Cambyses II () was the second King of Kings of the Achaemenid Empire, reigning 530 to 522 BCE. He was the son of and successor to Cyrus the Great (); his mother was Cassandane. His relatively brief reign was marked by his conquests in North Afric ...

Smerdis Bardiya or Smerdis ( ; ; possibly died 522 BCE), also named as Tanyoxarces (; ) by Ctesias, was a son of Cyrus the Great and the younger brother of Cambyses II, both Persian kings. There are sharply divided views on his life. Bardiya eithe ...

and his son Darius.

References

Bibliography

* Cameron, George, "History of Early Iran", Chicago, 1936 (repr., Chicago, 1969; tr. E.-J. Levin, L’histoire de l’Iran antique, Paris, 1937; tr. H. Anusheh, ایران در سپیده دم تاریخ, Tehran, 1993) * D’yakonov, I. M., "Istoriya Midii ot drevenĭshikh vremen do kontsa IV beka de e.E" (The history of Media from ancient times to the end of the 4th century BCE), Moscow and Leningrad, 1956; tr. Karim Kešāvarz as Tāriḵ-e Mād, Tehran, 1966. * Hinz, W., "The Lost World of Elam", London, 1972 (tr. F. Firuznia, دنیای گمشده ایلام, Tehran, 1992)
Legrain, Leon, "Historical Fragments", Philadelphia, The University of Pennsylvania Museum Publications of the Babylonian Section, vol. XIII, 1922.
* Majidzadeh, Yusef, "History and civilization of Elam", Tehran, Iran University Press, 1991. * Majidzadeh, Yusef, "History and civilization of Mesopotamia", Tehran, Iran University Press, 1997, vol.1. * Potts, D. T., The Archaeology of Elam, Cambridge University Press, 1999. * Qashqai, Hamidreza, Chronicle of early Iran history, Tehran, Avegan press, 2011 (in Persian: گاهنمای سپیده دم تاریخ در ایران ) * *
Vallat, Francois. Elam: The History of Elam. Encyclopaedia Iranica, vol. VIII pp. 301-313. London/New York, 1998.
{{DEFAULTSORT:List of Kings of Persia Iran history-related lists

Persia Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran (IRI) and also known as Persia, is a country in West Asia. It borders Iraq to the west, Turkey, Azerbaijan, and Armenia to the northwest, the Caspian Sea to the north, Turkmenistan to the nort ...

* Elamite kings

Elam Elam () was an ancient civilization centered in the far west and southwest of Iran, stretching from the lowlands of what is now Khuzestan and Ilam Province as well as a small part of modern-day southern Iraq. The modern name ''Elam'' stems fr ..., c. 2700 – 519 BCE